考研英語翻譯教程

1、考研翻譯教程,2012,第一部分 總論,一、翻譯題解 總分 翻譯 2003年 46.47 2004年 49.55 2005年 49.78 2006年 47.62 2007年 48.84 2008年 49.76,5.20 5.32 5.17 3.60 4.27 4.65,2012(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everythinga single generative equation for all we see. 2006

2、(48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.,2005(50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity

3、we stand, divided we fall” 1997(73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.,2003(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry wh

4、ich seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 1999.( 75 ) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of so

5、urces, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.,Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory.1997 (74)However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in princip

6、le unable to deal with some of the worlds,2011(46) Allens contribution was to take an assumption we all sharethat because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughtsand reveal its erroneous nature. 2006(48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution

7、 of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.,2004(61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse langua

8、ges could be. 2008(46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.,2006(47) His function is analogous to that of a judge,

9、 who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. 2002(61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human n

10、ature, and so on.,第一部分 總論,二、題型 1、主觀題 人大改卷 2003年 13萬 150人 第一：字體 第二：字數(shù) 第三：答題點 2、閱讀理解題 考研大綱 “主要考察考生準(zhǔn)確理解概念或結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜的英語文字材料的能力。”,第一部分 總論,三、題型特點 1、文章題材：偏文傾向 97：動物權(quán)利；98：宇宙起源；99：歷史學(xué)研究；00：政府與經(jīng)濟的關(guān)系；01：未來學(xué)；02：行為科學(xué)；03：人類學(xué)；04：語言與思維的關(guān)系； 05年：大眾傳媒；06年：知識分子；07年：記者的法律意識；08年：達爾文的思維表達 09年：教育學(xué) 10 自然與經(jīng)濟的關(guān)系 11 人生哲學(xué),第一部分 總論,三

11、、題型特點 1998年 宇宙起源 The Big Bang South Pole elementary particle physics ground-based detector balloon-borne instruments Air-Borne 文科題材：內(nèi)容熟悉，方向不會錯。,第一部分 總論,三、題型特點 2、翻譯句子：長難句 29個單詞 3、技巧性較強： refer to the concepts A peculiar to historical work in general B C A + B + C 介詞 介詞 多重后置定語：后浪推前浪 技巧vs基礎(chǔ),2010.47,But

12、we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should.,第一部分 總論,四、考點歸類 1、詞法 2、常用翻譯技巧 3、句法,1、詞法,A 專有名詞： 第一類：人名、地名：熟悉vs不熟悉 熟悉：按照漢語約定俗成譯法來譯 2008 Darwin 大衛(wèi) 德爾文 達爾文 Tylor 太樂 不熟悉：音譯/抄寫 Greeks 格麗克絲 2001 Pearson 皮爾森/抄寫 2011 Allen 艾倫 2012 Chomsky喬姆斯基 布什布希（殊） 侯賽因胡笙 肯尼迪甘乃迪 尼克松尼克森 里根雷（列）根 希拉里希拉蕊

13、 克林頓柯林頓 奧巴馬歐巴馬,1、詞法,第二類：專業(yè)術(shù)語 文中會給出一定解釋： 98年，2002年，2006年 平時注意收集： 瘋牛?。?Mad Cow Disease Swine Flu 禽流感： Bird Flu 手足口?。篽and-foot-mouth disease 口蹄疫：mouth and foot disease 黑洞：black hole epicenter collapsar,1、詞法,B、代詞 內(nèi)指代vs外指代 B50、 A it 。 找指代關(guān)系的方法： 往前看 平行看,1、詞法,C、動詞的習(xí)慣用法 rest upon/on arise from bind be bound

14、 up with D、多義詞及熟詞生義詞 Introduce:介紹？ School ：學(xué)校/學(xué)院/？ invite ：it invites you to think 邀請？ Set：the concept of set in mathematics See: it is difficult to see how the 表面義不可靠，上下文重要,D、多義詞及熟詞生義詞 Introduce:介紹？ School ：學(xué)校/學(xué)院/？ invite ：it invites you to think 邀請？ Set：the concept of set in mathematics See: it is

15、 difficult to see how the 表面義不可靠，上下文重要,1、詞法,E、生詞 不翻譯： 50 augment/空白 。 猜測：詞根詞綴 上下文 99年75題： Viewas. Equatewithequal argument Augment auction auc-=aug=increase,2、一般翻譯技巧,A、詞義選擇 B、詞序調(diào)整 C、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換 D、增詞法,A、詞義選擇,You know a word by the company it keeps。 分析上下文 根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣 deal withaspects/challenge/customer wife:妻子 ？,

16、delicate skin. delicate finger delicate difference. delicate diplomatic relation the central part of watermelon,B、詞序調(diào)整,80% 直譯 20%意譯 East China 東部中國 Heart-warming 心暖暖的 You, he and I 你，他，我 centralized control behavioral science the inflationary universe theory,C、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,英語多名詞，漢語多動詞 英譯漢-名詞變動詞 For the stud

17、y of natural phenomenon For the solution of moral problems The emphasis on data gathered first-hand emphasize 對于收集第一手資料的強調(diào),His richness of sympathy made him a symbol to an age. 他同情心的富有使他成為一個時代的象征。 他富有同情心，這使他成為一個時代的象征 He called to inform me of her return. 他打電話通知我她的回來。,他打電話通知我她回來了。 Before Chinas entry

18、 into WTO, there were fears that China would have to make too much concession. 中國在世界貿(mào)易組織中的加入前，人們擔(dān)心中國要做出過多的讓步。,D、增詞法,名詞 抽象 walking finding smiling 動詞 具體 walk find smile science in science 在科學(xué)里 Evolve in evolution 在進化中 Look into the past 觀察過去 Report their findings 匯報發(fā)現(xiàn) 增詞法：問題，情況，狀態(tài)，關(guān)系，東西，過程，結(jié)果，事物，程度，范

19、圍，領(lǐng)域等等,3、句法,定語和定語從句，狀語和狀語從句，主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句，同位語從句，比較結(jié)構(gòu)，強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，插入結(jié)構(gòu)，被動結(jié)構(gòu)，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，形式主語等等。,第一部分 總論,五、翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 嚴復(fù)：天演論 信達雅 信：忠實原文忠實的準(zhǔn)確地理解 達：通順暢達用漢語通順的表達出來 雅：文字典雅考研翻譯不要求 翻譯的兩個階段：理解和表達,第一部分 總論,六、考生的問題 1、理解不到位： 兩種句子：簡單句：主干結(jié)構(gòu) 定狀補 復(fù)合句：主句/從句/ 五種基本句型 主+謂 I smiled. I come. I go. 主+謂+賓 I love my country. 主+謂+間賓+直賓 I give y

20、ou a gift. 主+謂+賓+賓補 You make me crazy. 主+系+表 You are so pretty.,斷句的方法和三個標(biāo)志,標(biāo)點符號：逗號，破折號，冒號 連接詞：that, what, which, where, when, while, how, or, both, ,and等等 介詞短語和分詞短語 介詞+名詞 （作定語/作狀語） 分詞短語 V+ing V+ed,Given a lot of money , I feel so happy. Giving a lot of money, I feel so happy.,第一部分 總論,六、考生的問題 2 表達不到位

21、：表達四大基本原則 原則一：主干結(jié)構(gòu)順線走 原則二：定語狀語往前勾 原則三：前因后果多主動 原則四：名詞從句依序翻（主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句）,第一部分 總論,七、翻譯步驟 時間分配：形為 西拉人 嚴 研 100分 180分鐘 完型 15分 閱讀 60分 新題型 15分 翻譯 ？ 作文 50分,第一步：仔細閱讀，劃分結(jié)構(gòu) 第二步：推敲詞義，理順關(guān)系 第三步：順理成章，組合成文 第四步：仔細核對，確保高分,第一部分 總論,考研心態(tài) “取法于上,僅得為中,取法于中,故為其下” 目標(biāo)要高，心胸要大，心有多大，夢想就有多大，舞臺就有多大。,第二部分 專題,第一、定語 第二、定語從句 第

22、三、插入語 第四、被動句 第五、as的用法 第六、比較結(jié)構(gòu) 第七、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 第八、形式主語,第九、狀語 第十狀語從句 第十一、代詞的翻譯 第十二、名詞從句的翻譯,第一、定語,英語的定語占到整個語言的1/3的比例。 攻克英語翻譯首先攻克定語 英漢定語的不同： 漢語： ？A ？ 英語： ？A ？ 前/后/前后都有 定語的分類： 1、前置定語 2、后置定語 3、多重后置定語 4、前后都有,1、前置定語,翻譯方法：直來直去 ordinary things 普通的東西（事物形容詞作定語 scientific revolution 科技革命 形容詞作定語 Galileos greatest glory 伽

23、利略最偉大的成就 名詞和形容詞最高級搭配作定語 Driving force 驅(qū)動力 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 15 billion years 150億年 數(shù)詞作定語 Hundred thousand million billion trillion decade dozen score,2、后置定語,分兩類： 結(jié)構(gòu)和意義都比較簡單的后置定語-倒轉(zhuǎn)乾坤 This is a TV program hosted by Zhujun. the information used the qualities to be measured 結(jié)構(gòu)和意義都比較復(fù)雜的后置定語-一拆為二 第四頁: 99年73： 狀語結(jié)構(gòu)D

24、uring / this transfer, / 主句traditional historical methods / 被動結(jié)構(gòu)were augmented / by 多重定語additional methodologies which were/ designed to interpret / the new forms of / evidence / 介詞短語作后置定語in the historical study.,3、多重后置定語后浪推前浪,典型特征：A（中心詞）+介詞（of）+B+介詞（of）+C+. the insights of great men of genius as pa

25、rt of an exchange of duties and entitlements. the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds,9974復(fù)合句主句There is no agreement 狀語從句whether methodology 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 refers to the concepts 多重定語peculiar to historical work in general 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 or 省略結(jié)構(gòu)（refers）to the research techniques 多重定語appropriate to the

26、 various branches of historical inquiry.,1、the concepts peculiar to historical work in general require acquire enquire=inquire 2、the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.,4、前后都有,Mankinds instinct for moral reasoning 人類道德推理的本能 The anthropological concept of cu

27、lture 人類學(xué)里文化的概念 從大到小，從宏觀到微觀,第二、定語從句,1、定語從句的分類： 限制性定語從句 Zhang Wuji is a man whom you should never marry. 非限定性定語從句 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.,This is the cat. This is the cat that killed the rat. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the hou

28、se that Jack built.,這就是那只貓。 這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。 這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。NO！ 這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。因為老鼠偷吃了放在屋子里的蛋糕。而屋子是由杰克建造的。,2、翻譯方法,1）、前置法：當(dāng)一個限定性定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義較為簡單，或是較為簡短時，我們把英語原文的定語從句翻譯成帶“的”的定語詞組, 放置于被修飾的詞（先行詞）之前。 第8頁: 03年61復(fù)合句61) 狀語結(jié)構(gòu)Furthermore, 主句humans have the ability 后置定語to modify the environment 定語從句in w

29、hich they （指代關(guān)系）live, 結(jié)果狀語thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.,furthermore：而且，此外 modify the environment in which they live：改變他們的生存/所居住環(huán)境 modify：to change in form or character; alter 變更，在形式或特征上改變，修改 they：指代“humans” subjecting all other life forms to 讓所有其它形態(tài)的生命

30、服從 other life forms = other forms of life 其它形式的生命 peculiar：獨特的，特有的 fancy：imagination, especially of a whimsical or fantastic nature 想象，尤指有異想天開或空想的特性的，喜好,2006 47題 2006 49 題 2006 50題 2005 46題,2、翻譯方法,2）、單獨成句 當(dāng)一個限定性定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，意義較為繁雜的時候，當(dāng)定語從句是一個非限定性定語從句的時候，往往要采用單獨成句的方法。 此時可以重復(fù)先行詞或是將其翻譯成它或它們等代詞,第7頁：64) 主

31、句Tylor / defined culture as / 直接引語. 引語的主句that complex whole / 定語從句which / includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, / and any other capabilities / and habits / 后置定語acquired by man / as a member of society.“,V + n+ as +n define/see,view, regard, take,accept , recognize, elect,preserve,treat,第8頁：(61)

32、 主句The Greeks / assumed / 賓語從句that 從句的主句the structure of / language / had some connection with / the process of / thought, / 定語從句which / took root in Europe / 時間狀語從句long before / people / realized / 賓語從句how diverse / languages / could be.,Brazil Greece Israel Netherlands Portugal Scotland Sweden Swi

33、tzerland,Assume Consume Resume Presume presumption,Socrates Aristotle Plato Churchill Abraham Lincoln Roosevelt Bill Clinton Lewinsky Mahatma Gandhi Martin Luther King,Adolf Hitler Picasso Leonardo Da Vinci Michael Jackson Darwin Marx Max Einstein Newton ,第三、插入語,插入語的形式：,。 , 插入語的作用：修飾、補充、解釋、說明 翻譯原則：前

34、置 兩種情況： 修飾的是整個句子時，放在整個句子前面 修飾的是某個單詞和詞組時，放在單詞和詞組的前面 總之：修飾誰就放在誰前面。,China, in fact, has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respects. The man, I suppose, does not meet your demands for boyfriend.,第7頁： 65) 狀語結(jié)構(gòu)Thus, / 主語 多重定語the anthropological concept of / culture, / 插入結(jié)構(gòu) 舉例l

35、ike / 多重定語the concept of / set / in mathematics, / 謂語is / an abstract concept / 定語從句which / makes 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) / possible / 前置定語immense amounts of / concrete research and understanding.,A is adj for sb. to do sth. A 對某人來說去做某事是如何如何的。,outset,第6頁：74) 狀語結(jié)構(gòu)But / 主語that, / 插入結(jié)構(gòu)Pearson / points out, / 謂語is only /

36、多重定語the start of / man-machine integration: / 直接引語 “引語的主句It / will be / 多重定語the beginning of / the long process of / integration / 定語從句that / will ultimately lead to / a fully electronic human / 時間狀語before / the end of / the next century.,第四 被動句的翻譯,一、主賓顛倒 二、直接譯為主動句 三、用漢語被動結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯,一、主賓顛倒,在一個被動句中，如果主語和賓

37、語的被動關(guān)系非常明顯，我們采取主語變賓語、賓語變主語的方法來翻譯。,Set-up outbreak,0172簡單句72) 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 Children will play with dolls 后置定語equipped with personality chips, 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 computers 后置定語with in-built personalities 被動結(jié)構(gòu)will be regarded并列結(jié)構(gòu)11as workmates 并列結(jié)構(gòu)22 固定短語rather than 省略結(jié)構(gòu)（as）tools, 并列結(jié)構(gòu)3 relaxation will be in front of smel

38、l-television, 并列結(jié)構(gòu)4 and digital age will have arrived.,Considerate,97年73題：簡單句復(fù)合句73) 簡單句It / leads the discussion to / extremes / 介詞短語作狀語結(jié)構(gòu)at the outset: / 復(fù)合句it / invites you to / think / 賓語從句that animals / 被動結(jié)構(gòu)should be treated / 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 either 介詞短語作方式狀語with the consideration / 定語從句省略結(jié)構(gòu)（that）humans /

39、 extend to / other humans, / 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 or / 介詞短語作方式狀語 with no consideration at all.,二、 直接譯為主動句,在一個被動句中，如果主語和賓語的被動關(guān)系不明顯，我們則采取直譯為主動句的翻譯方法。 She did not wish to be troubled. 她不想被麻煩。她不想麻煩。,Due to, because of, by reason of,2000年73題：復(fù)合句73) 原因狀語Owing to / 多重定語the remarkable development / in mass-communications,

40、 / 主語people everywhere / 謂語 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 are feeling / new wants / 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 and 被動結(jié)構(gòu)are being exposed to / new customs and ideas, / 狀語從句while / governments / 被動結(jié)構(gòu)are often forced to / introduce / still further innovations / 原因狀語for the reasons given above.,2000年74題：狀語結(jié)構(gòu)in the early industrialized countries of

41、 Europe / 主語the process of industrialization / with / all the far-reaching changes / in social patterns / 定語從句that followed / 謂語 被動結(jié)構(gòu)was spread / over nearly a century, / 對比狀語從句whereas / nowadays / a developing nation / may undergo / the same process / 時間狀語in a decade or so.,三、用漢語被動結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯,“受到”“得到”“遭到

42、”“加以”“得以”“為.所”“由來”“是的”等結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯。,第五、As的用法,一、as單獨用 二、as的固定用法,As 1、介詞 作為，當(dāng)作，+ 名詞 2、連詞 1），像，2）當(dāng)。時候，3）因為+句子 3、副詞 同。一樣 非名詞 As.as.,一、as單獨用,1、as+名詞或名詞詞組/其他詞組 作為/像 2、as+句子（時間） 當(dāng)。時候 3、as+句子（原因）因為 4、as+句子（方式）像,97年72題：復(fù)合句72) 主句Some philosophers / argue / 賓語從句that rights / exist / only within a social contract, /

43、介詞短語作非限制性定語as / part of / an exchange of / duties and entitlements.,二、as的固定用法,as a whole 總體上 As for=as to = about as well as adv.和、 也、 又 As expected as as Not so muchas.,as for 至于,98年74題：復(fù)合句74) 條件狀語從句If / the small hot spots / look as / 省略結(jié)構(gòu)（they were）expected, / 主句that / will be / a triumph / 介詞短語作

44、狀語結(jié)構(gòu)for yet another scientific idea, / 同位語結(jié)構(gòu)a refinement of / the Big Bang / 分詞短語作后置定語called / the inflationary universe theory.,99年71題：While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recr

45、eate and explain the significant events of the past.,第六、比較結(jié)構(gòu),引語： Laosong is not better than Tom. Laosong is no better than Tom. No richer than=as poor as No bigger than=as small as No later than=as early as,比較結(jié)構(gòu),一、rather than 97年75題復(fù)合句復(fù)合句75) 時間狀語從句When / that / happens, / 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 it / is not / a mista

46、ke: / 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 it / is / mankinds instinct / 介詞短語作后置定語for moral reasoning / in action, / 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)an instinct / 定語從句that / should 并列結(jié)構(gòu)11 被動結(jié)構(gòu)be encouraged / rather than / 并列結(jié)構(gòu)22 省略結(jié)構(gòu)（be）laughed at.,I would rather die than marry you. I would rather die to marry you.,Rise arise raise,二、less.A.and more B 99年

47、72題簡單句72) 主語Interest / 多重定語in historical methods / 謂語has arisen / 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 less through / 多重定語external challenge / to the validity of / history / as an intellectual discipline / 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 and more from / 多重定語internal quarrels / among historians themselves （指代關(guān)系）.valid invalid validate validity,三、more than

48、1、more A than B You are more a close friend than a boyfriend to me. He is more a teacher than a writer,2、more than A more than+數(shù)詞，表示“多于. 以上” We have been close friends for more than 20 years. 我們已經(jīng)作了20多年的好朋友了。,B more than+名詞或是動詞 I wish that you could be more than a friend to me. My trip to Beijing is

49、 more than sightseeing.,2006年50題： They may teach very well， and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.,C more than+形容詞、副詞或是分詞，表示“極其，非?！钡囊馑?。 My teacher is more than strict with me. 我老師對我極其嚴格。 My parents

50、 are more than kind to me. 我爸媽對我非常好。,一些補充結(jié)構(gòu),anything but：根本不 I can call you anything but brother. nothing but：只不過是/僅僅 =only nothing= no any but You are nothing but one of my friends，leave me alone.,all but：幾乎 almost She all but accepted me as her friend. but for：要不是 But for her help and support , I

51、could not finish my study in the University.,no more . than . 和一樣都不 Chairman Mao is no more a god than we are. A home without love is no more a home than a man without soul is a man. not .any more than Not more than :最多 No less than：至少,第七、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),倒裝的原因： 1.only +狀語或狀語從句置于句首,句子用倒裝。 Only in this way can y

52、ou solve this problem. 只有用這種方法,你才可以解決這個問題。,2. hardly,in no way, little, scarcely,seldom, never,no more, no longer,not, no sooner, not only (but also),not until 具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首,句子用倒裝。 Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽車上班。,3. so / such.that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首可以構(gòu)成倒裝句,表示強調(diào)so /such和that之間的部分。 So unreaso

53、nable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要價太離譜,令每個人都瞠目結(jié)舌。,還原為正常語序 2009 47 Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.,0546復(fù)合句46) 主句Television is one of the means 定語

54、從句by which these feelings （指代關(guān)系） 被動結(jié)構(gòu)are created and conveyed and perhaps 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. As as not so/as .as.,第八形式主語,一固定用法 It is said that據(jù)說 It is reported that據(jù)報道 It is estimated that據(jù)估計 It must be p

55、ointed out that必須指出 It must be admitted that必須承認,the United States,It is suggested that有人建議 It can not be denied that不可否認 It should be realized that必須認識到 It may be said without fear of exaggeration that可以毫不夸張地說 It is well known that 眾所周知,第八形式主語,It +be+ adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth. 對于某人來說作某件事情是adj. It i

56、s good for you to give up smoking. 07年49題 50題,第八形式主語,三 It+ be + adj + that 1、adj的是，that從句。 2、 that從句，這是adj的。,第八 形式主語,2000年72題：復(fù)合句72) 狀語結(jié)構(gòu)Furthermore / 主句 形式主語it / is / obvious / 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 that the strength of / a countrys economy / 被動結(jié)構(gòu)is directly bound up with / the efficiency of / its agriculture and

57、industry, / 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 and that this / in turn / 固定短語rests upon / the efforts of / scientists and technologists / of all kinds.,第九 狀語結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯,原則：定語狀語往前勾 種類：時間、地點、原因、方式等等,第九 狀語結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯,03年的 62題（方式狀語）復(fù)合句62) 主句Social science / is / that branch of / intellectual enquiry / 定語從句which / seeks to / study / humans and

58、their endeavors / 方式狀語in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner / 定語從句that natural scientists / use / 目的狀語for the study of / natural phenomena.,friendly（表示人物）：友好的，友誼的 neighborly：鄰居似的，睦鄰的，友好的 costly：昂貴的，貴重的 cowardly：膽小的，怯弱的 hilly：多坡的，陡的 hourly（表示時間）：每小時的，時時的 lovely：可愛的，有趣的 or

59、derly：有序的，整齊的，整潔的 soldierly：英勇的 timely：及時的，適時的,第十 狀語從句smilence,一 結(jié)果狀語從句后置 0175復(fù)合句75) 主句And home appliances will also become so smart結(jié)果狀語從句that controlling and operating them （指代關(guān)系）will result in the breakout 多重后置定語of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage. Apply application appliance,鮑爾斯薩皮爾,0463復(fù)合句(63) 主句The 前置定語newly described （newly過去分詞