車輛工程8 steering system

1、System Chapter22Steering汽車轉(zhuǎn)向系Points： 1. Overview 2. Principle ofSteering System3. Steering Gear 4. Steering Operator 5. Steering Linkage 6. Power Steering System 7. Electric Power Steering System湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile HBQY 1.OverviewSteering gear HBQY S

2、teering wheelSteering columnPitman armSteering armSteering knuckleDrag linkTrack armTrack roda. Mechanical steering systemSteering wheel 轉(zhuǎn)向操縱機(jī)構(gòu) Steering linkage 轉(zhuǎn)向傳動機(jī)構(gòu) Steering gear 轉(zhuǎn)向器 湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile HBQY 湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industrie

3、s Institute Dep. of Automobile angle of the inner wheel內(nèi)輪轉(zhuǎn)角 轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)臂 Steering arm HBQY Pinion小齒輪 Tie rod橫拉桿The rack-and-pinion gear set does two things: It converts the rotational motion of the steering wheel into the linear motion needed to turn the wheels. It provides a gear reduction, making it easie

4、r to湖t北u汽rn車t工he業(yè)w學(xué)h院e汽e車ls工.程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile rack齒條 b.Power steering system HBQY 5. Power steering pump6. Power steering reservior10.Power steering control valve湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile 2.Principleofsteeringsyste

5、m HBQY a.SteeringGeometry轉(zhuǎn)向的理想關(guān)系式湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile CODOctg b=ctg a=LL HBQY RDO - CO = Bctga - ctgb =aLLBLDCSteering geometry formula理想關(guān)系式:ctg a = ctg b + B/L汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑R: 由轉(zhuǎn)向中心0到外轉(zhuǎn)向輪與地面接觸點(diǎn)的距離L=+ aRsin amin湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institu

6、te Dep. of Automobile max HBQY湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile b. Steering system angular ratios轉(zhuǎn)向系的角傳動比 i w： HBQY i w：轉(zhuǎn)向盤轉(zhuǎn)角的增量與同側(cè)轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)角增量的比轉(zhuǎn)向靈敏度;影響:組成:操縱力。= iw1iw 2iw轉(zhuǎn)向器的角傳動比 i w1轉(zhuǎn)向盤轉(zhuǎn)角增量 轉(zhuǎn)向搖臂轉(zhuǎn)角增量轉(zhuǎn)向傳動機(jī)構(gòu)的角傳動比 i w2轉(zhuǎn)向搖臂轉(zhuǎn)角增量轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)角增量湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Indus

7、tries Institute Dep. of Automobile c. Steering gear efficient轉(zhuǎn)向器傳動效率 HBQY 正效率：Output work at pitman arm100%Forward efficiency =Input work at steering wheel逆效率：Output work at steering wheel100%Reverse efficiency=Input work at pitman arm可逆式轉(zhuǎn)向器：逆效率很高。路感強(qiáng)、有回正作用。不可逆式轉(zhuǎn)向器：逆效率很低。無路感、無回正作用。極限可逆式轉(zhuǎn)向器：介于前兩者之間。湖

8、北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile 3.Steeringgear HBQY a. Recirculating ball steering gear 循式湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile HBQY As the wormshaft turns, the balls move the ball nut up and down along the wormshaft . This turns t

9、he sector shaft ,since the sector teeth mesh with the ball nut teeth.湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile HBQY 湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile Sector shaft搖臂軸 Sector shaft adjusting screwBall nut轉(zhuǎn)向螺母 b. Rack and pinion steering g

10、ear 齒輪齒條式 HBQY Rotation of the pinion moves the rack from left to right and right to left ,the motion of the rack causes the steering linkage to move back and forth ,then causes the wheels to turn to the left or right.湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile c. Worm and

11、peg steering gear蝸桿曲柄指銷式 HBQY 轉(zhuǎn)向時，通過轉(zhuǎn)向盤轉(zhuǎn)動蝸桿，嵌于螺桿螺旋槽的指銷便一邊自轉(zhuǎn)，一邊繞轉(zhuǎn)向搖臂軸軸心作圓弧運(yùn)動，從而帶動曲柄和搖臂轉(zhuǎn)動，并通過傳動機(jī)構(gòu)使汽車轉(zhuǎn)向車輪偏轉(zhuǎn)。湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile d. Worm and roller steering gear蝸桿滾輪式 HBQY 當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)動蝸桿時，蝸桿軸向移動時，通過滾輪使轉(zhuǎn)向搖臂軸轉(zhuǎn)動，再通過轉(zhuǎn)向傳動機(jī)構(gòu)帶動轉(zhuǎn)向車輪偏轉(zhuǎn)。湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Indust

12、ries Institute Dep. of Automobile Variable ratio變傳動比 HBQY Low ratio in the center, high ratio on the either side.湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile HBQY 搖臂軸轉(zhuǎn)向螺母High ratio in the center, low ratio on the either side.湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute

13、 Dep. of Automobile 湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile HBQY結(jié)構(gòu)形式主要特點(diǎn)應(yīng)用范圍蝸桿滾輪式轉(zhuǎn)向器結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單，但兩端傳動效率比較低，且重量相對較大。蝸桿曲柄指銷式轉(zhuǎn)向器指銷的接觸應(yīng)力大，不適用于操縱力較大的汽車。雙指銷式結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜、對蝸桿加工要求較高。循式轉(zhuǎn)向器正傳動效率高，操縱輕便，使用壽命長，工作平穩(wěn)可靠，但其逆效率也高。各級各類汽車齒輪齒條式轉(zhuǎn)向器結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、緊湊，質(zhì)量輕，剛性大，轉(zhuǎn)向靈敏，制造容易，成本低，正、逆效率都高，使轉(zhuǎn)向傳動機(jī)構(gòu)簡化。轎 車 和 微型

14、、輕型貨車 operator轉(zhuǎn)向操縱機(jī)構(gòu)4.Steering HBQY Steering wheel湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile Steering column HBQY net type steering column湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile Free play of steering wheel HBQY 轉(zhuǎn)向盤自由行程： 轉(zhuǎn)向盤在空轉(zhuǎn)階段中的角行程。作用：（1） 緩和

15、路面沖擊，避免出現(xiàn)“（2） 避免駕駛員過度緊張。（3） 轉(zhuǎn)向操縱柔和。”現(xiàn)象。影響： 過小不足以實(shí)現(xiàn)以上三個作用，過大會使轉(zhuǎn)向不靈敏。范圍：轉(zhuǎn)向盤從相應(yīng)于汽車直線行駛的中間位置向任一方向的自由行程最不超過1015。湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile Linkage轉(zhuǎn)向傳動機(jī)構(gòu) 5.Steering Steering linkage with dependent suspension湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep.

16、of Automobile ackerman steering linkdageThe steering arm ball joints are arranged so that the movement in the suspension does not affect steering operation.HBQY pitmanarm轉(zhuǎn)向搖臂 HBQY 轉(zhuǎn)向搖臂的作用是把轉(zhuǎn)向器輸出的力和運(yùn)動傳給 直拉桿或橫拉桿，進(jìn)而推動轉(zhuǎn)向輪偏轉(zhuǎn)。 湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile Drag rod轉(zhuǎn)

17、向直拉桿 HBQY 彈簧作用：補(bǔ)償球頭與球頭座的磨損，保證二者的緊密接觸；緩和沖擊。湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile rod轉(zhuǎn)向橫拉桿Tie HBQY 調(diào)整橫拉桿的長度，改變前束值。湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile absorber轉(zhuǎn)向減振器Steering shock HBQY 在轉(zhuǎn)向傳動機(jī)構(gòu)中設(shè)置轉(zhuǎn)向減振器是克服轉(zhuǎn)向輪擺振的有效措施。轉(zhuǎn)向減振器的一端與車身（或前橋）鉸接，另一端與轉(zhuǎn)

18、向橫拉桿（或轉(zhuǎn)向器）鉸接。湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile Steering linkage with independent suspension HBQY Steering gear轉(zhuǎn)向器 Steering arm 轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)臂 Pitman arm轉(zhuǎn)向搖臂Idler搖桿 Tie rodSteering arm轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)臂 直接驅(qū)動橫拉桿CenterlinkTie rod湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Aut

19、omobile divided ackerman steering linkage HBQY 1.轉(zhuǎn)向搖臂2.轉(zhuǎn)向直拉桿 3.左轉(zhuǎn)向橫拉桿4.右轉(zhuǎn) 左擺臂9.懸架右擺臂10.齒輪齒條式轉(zhuǎn)湖向北汽器車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile 向橫拉桿 5.左梯形臂6.右梯形臂7.搖桿8.懸架steeringsystem動力轉(zhuǎn)向系 6.Power6.Power HBQY 湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile I

20、ntegral rack and pinion power steeringreservoir HBQY pumprack and pinion湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile pistonvalvehoses HBQY 液壓常流式動力轉(zhuǎn)向 hydraulic constant flow type power steering工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系e Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile氣壓式動力轉(zhuǎn)向 air-power steering液壓式動力轉(zhuǎn)向

21、 hydraulic power steering湖北汽車HuBei Automotiv HBQY湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile hydraulic constant flow type power steering常流式動力轉(zhuǎn)向 hydraulic accumulator power steering液壓儲能式動力轉(zhuǎn)向 Control valve HBQY torsion barinput shaftinner member1.閥套R.接右轉(zhuǎn)向動力腔B.接轉(zhuǎn)向油泵 2.閥芯 L.接左轉(zhuǎn)

22、向動力腔G.接轉(zhuǎn)向油罐 Outer member (sleeve)Pinion動力轉(zhuǎn)向器工作過程動畫.swf湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile HBQYNeutral position湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile HBQY Turning right湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobil

23、e HBQY 湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系Turning leftHuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile HBQY 實(shí)現(xiàn)閥套與閥芯的機(jī)械連接，保證在動轉(zhuǎn)失效時，仍能實(shí) 現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)向。 湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile Integral recirculating ball power steering HBQY 湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. o

24、f Automobile double ballvalve lock limiter HBQY 湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile HBQY rotary-vane pumpinlet portvanestatorrotoroutlet port湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院汽車工程系HuBei Automotive Industries Institute Dep. of Automobile 7.Electric Power Steering System HBQY EPS的基本原理：根據(jù)行駛中方向盤的轉(zhuǎn)動力矩、轉(zhuǎn)動方