今日雙語—Chimps Able to Apprehend Another Chimp's Mind-Set

Chimps Able to Apprehend Another Chimps Mind-Set黑猩猩也很善解人意That means dangerto a chimpanzee. Chimps use this call, known as an “alert hoo,“ to warn each other about a potential threat, like a dangerous snake on the forest floor. And researchers have now used recordings of that call to get inside the chimpanzee mind.對黑猩猩來說，這個叫聲意味著危險。黑猩猩用這個叫做“警報呼呼”的叫聲來警告對方潛在的威脅，例如地面上有一條危險的蛇?，F(xiàn)在研究人員利用這些錄音來了解大猩猩的思維?！癟here is more studies showing that various animals seem to be able to take anothers perspective into account to a certain extent. They seem to be able to understand what another sees or doesnt see for example.“有更多研究表明，在某種程度上，很多動物能將其他動物的想法考慮進去。這些動物似乎能夠理解其他動物看到或者看不到的事物。Catherine Crockford, a primatologist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany.Catherine Crockford 是德國馬克斯普朗克進化人類學研究所的靈長類動物學家。Crockford and her team traveled to Ugandas Budongo Forest to study the ability of chimps to modify their calls based upon the knowledge of others.Crockford 和團隊行至 Budongo 森林來研究黑猩猩基于對其他動物的了解改變叫聲的能力。They hid a fake snake on the ground and then used a loudspeaker to broadcast chimp calls. In some cases, the speaker played that alarm call, the “alert hoo,“他們將一條假蛇藏在地面上，然后用擴音器播放黑猩猩的叫聲。在某些情況下，揚聲器播放“警報呼呼聲”。suggesting to listeners that a nearby chimp was aware of the snake.這種聲音向旁聽者暗示附近的黑猩猩意識到有蛇。But in other cases, the speaker played a different kind of call called a rest hoo,但是在其他情況下，揚聲器播放一種不同的聲音“休息呼呼”This non-alarm told listener the chimp they were hearing was not aware of any snake danger.這種非警報聲音向旁聽者傳遞，聽到聲音的黑猩猩沒有意識到蛇有危險。And when the chimps who had heard the rest hoo came across the fake snake, they gave ample warnings, using both their alarm calls and body language. But when chimps heard the alarm call before encountering the fake snake, they produced fewer alert hoosapparently satisfied that their comrades were aware of the threat. The study is in the journal Science Advances.當聽到“休息呼呼”的黑猩猩遇到假蛇時，它們就會使用警戒叫聲以及肢體語言來發(fā)出大量的警告。但是，當黑猩猩在遇見假蛇之前聽到警告聲時，它們就會發(fā)出較少的警戒聲 很顯然它們對同伴意識到了危險很滿意。該研究結果發(fā)表在科學進展雜志上?！癝o we were able to tease those things apart and show that the main motivation for their calling didnt really fit with their own emotional state or their own habituation level to the snake, so it really seemed that they were taking into account the others perspective.“我們能夠區(qū)分這些情況，并表明，它們發(fā)出叫聲的主要動機并不完全符合自己的情緒狀態(tài)或者對于蛇的適應水平，而是似乎黑猩猩考慮到其他動物的看法。”Seems that, like humans, chimps and perhaps other primates are able to adjust their communications based on what they think their intended recipients think. Which is clearly a useful