初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解-形容詞.doc

授課講義形容詞形容詞是用來(lái)表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的一種詞類(lèi)，它用于形容詞或修飾名詞或者代詞對(duì)名詞或者代詞加以說(shuō)明或限制，在句子中科做表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)等。一般放在所修飾的名詞前，表示名詞的特點(diǎn)和屬性。也可用于BE動(dòng)詞后，表示事物的狀態(tài)。形容詞的用法1） 在句中作定語(yǔ)，放在名詞前：She is a good student, and she works hard.This is a red bag.2） 句子中作表語(yǔ),放在連系動(dòng)詞后面：This bike is expensive. I am sorry, Im busy now.This problem is very important.注： 連系動(dòng)詞包括：be, become, go, get, turn, grow, come, look, sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)), taste(嘗起來(lái)),smell(聞起來(lái)),feel, appear, seem(似乎) 。其中g(shù)o, get, turn, grow, come表示“變得”的意思。例：Lucy became famous. In autumn, leaves turn yellow. In summer, meat is easy to go bad. Her dream finally came true. This idea sounds very great. The soup tastes very delicious. These flowers smell very nice. After taking the medicine, Peter felt better. 英語(yǔ)單詞中,something, anything, nothing 等不定代詞被形容詞修飾時(shí),形容詞放在名詞后面。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告訴你。 Is there anything interesting in the film. 電影里有什么有趣的內(nèi)容嗎？ There is nothing dangerous here. 這兒一點(diǎn)都不危險(xiǎn)。3） 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的排列順序當(dāng)有兩個(gè)以上的形容詞用來(lái)修飾一名詞時(shí)，其順序如下：限定詞（冠詞，物主代詞，指示代詞，不定代詞）數(shù)詞（序數(shù)詞，基數(shù)詞）描繪性形容詞 外觀(guān)性形容詞（大小、長(zhǎng)短、形狀、新舊、年齡、顏色）表屬性的形容詞（包括國(guó)籍等專(zhuān)有名詞）表本質(zhì)的形容詞（材料，性質(zhì)，用途）+ 名詞，如：a table a beautiful table a beautiful big table a beautiful big round table a beautiful big round new table a beautiful big round new French table a beautiful big round new French hogany (桃花心木) table.a restaurant a large restaurant a large Chinese restauranta chair a conformable chair a conformable large chair a conformable large leather (皮) chair巧記憶口訣：大哥限描大，二哥形齡顏，小弟籍物類(lèi)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)絕大多數(shù)形容詞有三種形式:原級(jí),比較級(jí)和最高級(jí), 以表示形容詞說(shuō)明的性質(zhì)在程度上的不同。 形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式是在形容詞的原級(jí)形式的基礎(chǔ)上變化的。 分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。規(guī)則變化:構(gòu)成變化例子單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞加-er 和-estlong longer longestsmall smaller smallestwide wider widesthard harder hardest 少數(shù)以-y, -er, -ow, -le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞加-er 和-estclever cleverer cleverestnarrow narrower narrowestsimple simpler simplest以 “輔音字母+ -y 結(jié)尾的形容詞變y為i,加-er 和-estdirty dirtier dirtiesteasy easier - easiest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾其前面的元音字母發(fā)短元音的形容詞雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母然后再加-er和-estbig bigger biggest多數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞、三音節(jié)詞或更多音節(jié)的詞只需在前加more, mostcareful more careful most carefulinterestingmore interesting most interestingimportant more important most important beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 不規(guī)則變化:原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)goodbetterbestbadworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(具體)/further(抽象)farthest/furthestoldolder/elder (elder只能做定語(yǔ))oldest/eldest形容詞原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的用法 1）形容詞原級(jí)的用法 原級(jí)用于兩者同級(jí)的比較。 肯定句： A+動(dòng)詞+as+原級(jí)+as+B Tom is as tall as Jim. 否定句： A+動(dòng)詞+not as (so) +原級(jí)+as+ B Tom is not so tall as Jim. 疑問(wèn)句： Be+A+as+原級(jí)+as+B? Is Tom as tall as Jim? 2）形容詞的比較級(jí)的用法分別以下列形式出現(xiàn)在句子當(dāng)中： 1.比較級(jí)+than Lucy is older than me.2.more and more She is more and more beautiful. When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.3.The more , the more The richer a country is, the better the peoples life will be.國(guó)家越富，人民的生活就越好。在形容詞的比較級(jí)前面可以用much, even, 或a little等修飾 如：Lucys dress is much cheaper than yours. Its much colder here in February than in March. Japan is a little larger than Germany. The pottery is more expensive than any other pottery.3）形容詞最高級(jí)的用法 形容詞最高級(jí)用于兩個(gè)以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較, 其結(jié)構(gòu)形式為: 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(系動(dòng)詞)+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+表示范圍的短語(yǔ)或從句(of / in)注意：in+范圍，場(chǎng)所 of +復(fù)數(shù) （與主語(yǔ)同一類(lèi)的人或事物） He is the tallest boy in our class. Lucy is the youngest girl of the three girls.4) 比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的相互轉(zhuǎn)化。Lucy is the tallest girl in the class. Lucy is taller than any other girl in the class.實(shí)踐評(píng)估1. I have an _ book. Do you want to read it?A. good B. interesting C. new D. boring2. Have some milk, cheese and fish every day. They are _ for us.A. bad B. well C. help D. good 3. Li Ming is _ at English. He cant pass the exam.A. good B. poor C. hard D. easy4. Sam is 153cm _ and he will be 30cm _.A. tall . tall B. taller . taller C. tall . taller D. taller . tall5. He is as _ as his classmate.A. tall B. younger C. taller D. shorter6. I am _ to ride a bicycle.A. enough old B. old enough C. enough young D. young enough7. My teacher is _ today. She is in bed. A. well B. good C. ill D. easy8. Is there _ with this computer?A. wrong something B. wrong anything C. anything wrong D. something wrong9. We havent got _ vegetables. Lets go and buy some.A. some B. enough C. much D, a 10. This box is_ that one. A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as 11. This book is_ that one, but_ than that one. A. as difficult as; expensive B. as more difficult as; more expensive C. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as expensive 12. These children are _ this year than they were last year. A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller13. It was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today. A. even hotter B. more hotter C. much more hot D. much hot 14. Which is _ country, China or Japan? A. the large B. the larger C. larger D. largest 15. Of the two cups, he bought _. A. the smaller B. the smallest C. small D. smaller16. Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most 17. I have got _ in my stamp album.A. many new short new green American stampsB. many nice short new green American stampsC. many short new green Chinese nice stamps18. Who jumped _ of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far19. Li Lei is_ student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 20. Which month is _, June, July or August? A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest21. Mike, I have _ to tell you. A. important something B. important anything C. something important D. anything important22. My _ brother is three years _ than I. A. elder, elder B. older, oldest C. elder, older D. older, elder 23. The song sounds _. A. sweet B. nicely C. well D. moved 24. _ should study hard for their work. A. Young B. The young man C. The young D. The young girl 25. In summe