2019中考英語關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句（無答案）.docx

關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句定語從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句【關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句】 （一）、定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。 定語從句是指在一個句子中作定語的句子，定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后。 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。 關(guān)系詞常有三個作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句 2、代替先行詞 3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分（二）、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。 (2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語)4. that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。 (1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語) (2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book is yellow?【總結(jié)】：一、 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時，可作主語、賓語、定語等句子成分。如：代替人代替物代替人或物主語whowhichthat賓語whomwhowhichthat定語whose（of whom）whose（of which）1.This is the doctor _ came from London.2.The book _I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.3. The desk_leg is broken is very old.4. This is the room _Shakespeare was born in.二、使用關(guān)系代詞時應(yīng)注意以下幾點： 1如果先行詞是all， anything， something， nothing， everything， little， none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：All that are present burst into tears.2如果先行詞被形容詞最高級以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that， 不用which。例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.3which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思與and this相似。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.4先行詞中既有人又有物時，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.5“介詞關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without等，關(guān)系代詞常常只可用whom或which，不可用that。 例如：The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.像listen to， look at， depend on， pay attention to， take care of等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不將介詞與動詞分開。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.一、 典型例題 ( )1、 -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes， hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom( )2、The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was( )3、Have you seen the film Titanic _actors are very famous?A who B whose C that D whom( )4、Ann asked the policeman _he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A with him B with whom C who D whom( )5、A child _parents are dead is called an orphan.A which B his C whose D with( )6、This is the reason _ he told me.A、that B、why C、on which D、for that( )7、Do you know the scientist _ gave us a talk just now? A. who B. whom C. which D. whose ( )8、This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom ( )9、Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. A. where B. which C. who D. what ( )10、Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree? She is my little sister. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which三、課后練習(xí) ( )1. Beijing is the 29th city _ holds the Olympic Games.A. where B. that C. which D. what( )2. Have you read the book _ I gave you yesterday? A. that B. when C. where( )3. The man _ came to our party with a present is my old friend.A. when B. which C. who( )4. I like writers _ write short stories.A. which B. what C. whom D. who( )5. This is the question _ we are talking about now. A. that B. who C. where D. when( )6. What are you looking for? I am looking for the book _ I bought yesterday. A. who B. which C. whose( )7. Jack, there is someone in the office _ would like to speak with you.A. who B. which C. whom ( )8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _ works hard.A. which B. / C. whom D. who( )9. Many young people prefer the songs _ have great lyrics.A. which B. who C. where D. whom( )10. Even teachers cant understand some expressions _ their students use in daily life. A. whose B. who C. that D. whom( )11. The bridge _ a big ship can go has been built. A. under which B. under that C. in which D. on which ( )12. The book _ is torn is mine. A. the cover of which B. the cover of that C. which the cover D. whose cover of ( )13. He talked about the classmates and the school _ he had visited. A. who B. that C. which D. about which ( )14. You have seen the girl _ sister is a Chinese teacher. A. whom B. of whom C. whose D. of which ( )15. We should do all _ is useful to people. A. / B. that C. it D. which ( )16. We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit before. A. which B. in which C. on which D. to which ( )17. Those _ finished doing it put up your hands. A. who have B. who has C. which have D. have ( )19. The man _ was a friend of mine. A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to ( )20. I went to the school _ my father once worked. A. that B. which C. where D. on which ( )21. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who ( )22. The weather turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it ( )23. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ per