2018_2019學(xué)年高中英語Module1DeepSouthSectionⅣLanguagePointsⅡ.docx

Section Language Points （Cultural Corner & Other Parts）.Skim the text and fill in the blanks according to the passage on Page 11.Paragraph Main idea/theme sentenceSouth Poles? How many are there？1.There are three South Poles.Is it safe？2.Theres_a_severe_risk_that_you_will_damage_your_eyesight_or_get_badly_sunburnt.Is it cold？3.Be_very_careful_out_in_the_open_air！Is there anything good about the weather？4.Its possibly the calmest place on Earth.Whats it like to live here？5.Life_is_quite_abnormal.Where do we live？6.The South Pole scientific station is situated on a platform of the ice.Any other advice？7.There are some important things to remember in_the_South_Pole.Judge whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F) according to the passage on Page 13.1The book about Marco Polos travels was written by Marco Polo._2As soon as Marco began his journey, he became very famous._3When the book was published, people all believed it deeply._4Only people who know China very much can understand those obscure names and facts._5The book described the amazing things in China such as paper money and coal._答案：15FFFTT.單詞拼寫1Coal and oil are conventional (常規(guī)的) energy sources but they can lead to air pollution. 2This morning, I had the privilege (榮幸) of visiting Peking University and interviewing the headmaster.3We all know that he is a famous writer of great insight (洞察力)4The new portable (便攜的) computers are going like hot cakes.5The fragile (脆弱的) environment of the desert was destroyed by the mining work.6The marathon is a severe (艱巨的) test of stamina (耐力)7Buying a house can be a very tiresome (令人討厭的) business.8The cave is the home of a legendary (傳說中的) giant.9Shortly after my arrival at the school, I was befriended (對待如朋友) by an older girl.10This door should only be used in an emergency (緊急情況).拓展詞匯1abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的normal adj.正常的2absence n缺乏；沒有absent adj.缺席的3minimum adj.最少量；最小數(shù)maximum adj.最大量4depressing adj.令人沮喪的；令人抑郁的depress v使沮喪；使蕭條depressed adj.沮喪的；蕭條的depression n沮喪；不景氣，蕭條(期)5isolated adj.孤單的，孤立的isolate v使隔離，孤立6discourage v阻止；打消的念頭discouraging adj.令人沮喪的discouraged adj.沮喪的discouragement n泄氣；使人泄氣的人(事)7tricky adj.困難的，棘手的trick n詭計(jì)，欺詐v.戲弄，欺騙8reliability n可靠性reliable adj.可信賴的rely v依靠；信賴9inhabit v居住inhabitant n居民，住戶10inspiration n鼓舞；啟示；靈感inspire vt.鼓舞inspired adj.鼓舞人心的inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的巧記單詞詞根詞形變化構(gòu)詞點(diǎn)撥normal abnormalab加形容詞構(gòu)成具有否定意義的形容詞discouragediscouragement動(dòng)詞加ment構(gòu)成名詞relyreliable動(dòng)詞變y為i加able構(gòu)成形容詞tricktricky名詞加y構(gòu)成形容詞inhabitinhabitant動(dòng)詞加ant構(gòu)成表示人的名詞.補(bǔ)全短語1in case of 如果；假使2come into sight 進(jìn)入視野3break up 打碎；解體4come up with 想出5take a risk 冒險(xiǎn)6in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)；掌管7in detail 詳細(xì)地8leave behind 遺留；留下9discourage sb. from doing . 打消某人做的念頭10keep up 保持，維持11set up 創(chuàng)建；成立1教材原句While on their journey buying and selling spices, silks and jewels, they befriend one of the most powerful men on Earth, Kubla Khan.在旅途中他們買賣香料、絲綢和珠寶，并與世界上最有權(quán)勢的人中的一位忽必烈汗結(jié)為朋友。句型點(diǎn)撥狀語從句的省略。佳句賞析在北京時(shí)，我參觀了頤和園。While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.2教材原句.it is not surprising that people in a rich powerful place like Venice could not believe his stories, nor in the idea of huge, rich city states inhabited by millions of people.像威尼斯那樣富有地方的人們不相信他的故事就一點(diǎn)也不奇怪了，更無法想象數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人居住在龐大富饒的城邦。句型點(diǎn)撥it作形式主語，that從句作真正的主語。佳句賞析我真沒料到他竟然如此輕率。It astonishes me that he should be so thoughtless.3教材原句A general myth has grown up around Marco Polo that he introduced such things as spaghetti and ice cream from China to the West.關(guān)于馬可波羅最為大家熟知的一個(gè)傳說是他將意大利面條和冰激凌等從中國傳入西方。句型點(diǎn)撥同位語從句。佳句賞析我們聽到消息說我們隊(duì)贏了。We heard the news that our team had won.How Failure Became SuccessOn 8th August, 1914, 27 men who had replied to an advertisement in The Times boarded a ship leaving for the Antarctic. The name of the ship was the Endurance and the captain was an Irishman called Ernest Shackleton.The aim of the journey was to cross the frozen continent via the South Pole a journey of 1,800 miles. Shackleton thought the journey would last six months.But when land came into sight, the Endurance became trapped in the ice and began to break up. Shackleton and his men watched theEndurance sink into the icy sea. They then headed north, pulling three lifeboats behind them.After six days, bad weather forced them to give up and the men set up camp on a sheet of ice which began slowly moving across the Antarctic Circle.They survived on the ice for five months. Then, on 16th April, 1915, Shackleton saw land. It was Elephant Island a large rock with nothing growing on it, but much better than a floating piece of ice. When they reached the island, Shackleton came up with an idea it was a risk but he would have to take it. He and five men would take one of the lifeboats, and sail 800 miles to South Georgia, where there was a permanent camp. They could then return to rescue the rest of the men.It took Shackleton 17 days to reach South Georgia. Unfortunately he landed on the wrong side of the island, and had to walk 36 hours over mountains to reach the camp. The whale hunters at the camp couldnt believe their eyes when they saw the six men walking down from the mountains.Shackleton kept his promise. More than three months later, he returned to Elephant Island to rescue the crew he had been forced to abandon. He had failed to reach the pole but he had saved the lives of all his men.失敗如何變?yōu)槌晒?914年8月8日，響應(yīng)泰晤士報(bào)上一則廣告的27個(gè)人登上一艘輪船，向南極地區(qū)進(jìn)發(fā)。船的名字叫“耐力”號，船長是一個(gè)叫做歐內(nèi)斯特沙克爾頓的愛爾蘭人。旅行的目的是經(jīng)過南極點(diǎn)越過冰凍的大陸這一旅程長達(dá)1 800英里。沙克爾頓認(rèn)為這次旅行會(huì)持續(xù)六個(gè)月。但是當(dāng)陸地映入眼簾的時(shí)候，“耐力”號船卻被困在了冰里并開始解體。沙克爾頓和他的船員們看著“耐力”號沉入冰冷的海里。接著他們拖著三艘救生船向北面進(jìn)發(fā)。六天之后，糟糕的天氣迫使他們放棄了，船員們在浮冰上搭起了帳篷，那塊浮冰緩緩移動(dòng)，穿越了南極圈。他們在冰上幸存了五個(gè)月。然后，1915年4月16日，沙克爾頓看見了陸地，那是大象島一大塊什么也不長的大巖石，但是總比漂在冰上要好得多。當(dāng)他們到達(dá)島上的時(shí)候，沙克爾頓想出了一個(gè)辦法那是一個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)，但是必須得這樣做。他和五個(gè)船員乘坐其中一艘救生船，航行800英里到了南喬治亞島，在那里有一個(gè)永久的營地。然后他們可以回來營救其他船員。沙克爾頓花了17天的時(shí)間到達(dá)南喬治亞島，不幸的是，他在錯(cuò)誤的一邊登上了島，然后不得不走36個(gè)小時(shí)翻山越嶺到達(dá)營地。當(dāng)在營地里的捕鯨者看見有六個(gè)人從山上走下來的時(shí)候，簡直不能相信自己的眼睛。沙克爾頓堅(jiān)守諾言，三個(gè)多月之后，他返回到大象島，營救了他被迫遺棄的船員。他沒有到達(dá)南極點(diǎn)，但是他挽救了所有船員的生命。Welcome to the South Poles!South Poles? How many are there?In fact, there are three South Poles: a ceremonial Pole, which is on the moving glacier, a geographical or true Pole, and a magnetic Pole which changes its position according to the movement of the Earth.Is it safe?Because the South Pole is a high altitude site, the glare of the sunlight here is very intense. Its also reflected by the snow, so if you go outside, remember to wear sunglasses and use suncream. If you dont, theres a severe risk that youll damage your eyesight or get badly sunburnt.Is it cold?Yes！Be very careful out in the open air! The temperature is between minus 21 in the summer and minus 78 in the winter, and you can become numb with cold without realising. Theres heavy frost even on the warmest summer days, and if its quiet you can hear your breath freeze. So if you leave the station, dress warmly and carry dry clothing and a portable radio.Is there anything good about the weather?The air is very pure, and it doesnt snow very much only about four millimetres a year. Theres very little wind and the sky is usually clear. Its possibly the calmest place on Earth.Whats it like to live here?Life is quite abnormal. Sunrise and sunset come once every six months, and in the winter the total absence of daylight can be tiresome, and for some, depressing. Were totally isolated except for radio and electronic communications, as no aircraft can fly here for about eight months.Where do we live?The South Pole scientific station is situated on a platform of ice, 3,0004,000 metres high, but under only a few millimetres of snow. We have a minimum of 28 people living here in the winter and a maximum of 125 in the summer. The living quarters are modest, with few luxuries, but cosy. Theres a comfortable dormitory for sleeping, the canteen serves great food, and theres a wellstocked library of DVDs and videos. But showers and laundry are limited, because water is very valuable. We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas. Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency.Any other advice?Remember that conventional equipment doesnt always work as it should do. If you use an electric drill, the power cord will snap. Photography is tricky too, as film is fragile and the camera battery doesnt work in the cold.Dont leave any rubbish, and dont forget that the ecology of Antarctica is very delicate, so dont take any souvenirs home with you, and be careful to leave nothing but footprints.Finally, remember that were all visitors to the South Pole. Its a privilege, not a right to come to this extraordinary place.歡迎來到南極！南極？有多少個(gè)？事實(shí)上，有三個(gè)南極：一個(gè)是儀式南極點(diǎn)，它在一塊移動(dòng)的冰川上，一個(gè)是地理意義上的南極或叫做真正的南極。還有一個(gè)是地磁南極點(diǎn)，它根據(jù)地球的移動(dòng)來改變位置。南極安全嗎？因?yàn)槟蠘O在很高的緯度上，這兒太陽光非常強(qiáng)烈。它也會(huì)被雪反射，所以如果你出去的話，記得要戴上太陽鏡和涂上防曬霜。如果你不那么做是極其危險(xiǎn)的，那會(huì)損壞你的視力，灼傷你的皮膚。冷嗎？是的！在室外要相當(dāng)小心！夏天的溫度是零下21度左右，冬天最低是零下78度，你會(huì)在毫無意識的情況下凍麻木了。即使在最溫暖的夏天也會(huì)有厚厚的霜，如果安靜的話，你能聽見呼吸結(jié)成冰的聲音。所以如果你要離開基地，穿得溫暖些，帶上干衣服和便攜式收音機(jī)。有關(guān)天氣有什么好的地方嗎？空氣很純凈，沒有太多的雪每年僅僅約有四毫米。有微風(fēng)，天空通常很晴朗。這里或許是地球上最安靜的地方。住在這里怎么樣？生活很不正常。日出日落每六個(gè)月一次，在冬天完全沒有陽光，很無聊，對有些人來說令人沮喪。除了收音機(jī)和電子通訊，我們完全與世隔絕。因?yàn)榇蠹s八個(gè)月不會(huì)有飛機(jī)飛到這里。我們住在哪兒？南極科考站位于一塊冰臺上，冰層厚達(dá)3 0004 000米，但其上積雪僅數(shù)毫米。我們冬天最少28人住在這兒，夏天最多125人住在這里。生活區(qū)很樸素，不奢侈但很溫馨。有舒適的宿舍供休息，食堂提供很好的食物，還有一個(gè)DVD和視頻資料豐富的圖書館。但是沐浴和洗衣受到很大限制，因?yàn)樗浅Ｕ滟F。除非在特定區(qū)域我們反對吸煙。醫(yī)療救助也很便利以防緊急情況發(fā)生。有什么其他建議嗎？記住常規(guī)設(shè)備在這兒不能總像往常一樣正常運(yùn)作。如果你使用電鉆，電源線可能會(huì)斷掉，攝影也很困難，因?yàn)槟z卷很易碎，相機(jī)電池?zé)o法在低溫下工作。不要留下任何垃圾，不要忘了南極洲的生態(tài)非常脆弱，也不要帶任何紀(jì)念品回家，一切都要小心，切記除了腳印什么也不要留下。最后，記住我們都是南極的游客，來到這個(gè)不同尋常的地方是榮幸，不是權(quán)利。The Travels of Marco PoloThe year is 1271 AD. Imagine a 17yearold boy from Venice, Italy, welleducated and trained for life as a rich trader. He sets off with his father and uncle on a 25year journey to mysterious, distant lands that most people in Europe have never heard of. While on their journey buying and selling spices, silks and jewels, they befriend one of the most powerful men on Earth, Kubla Khan.The boys name was Marco Polo and many years later a book about his travels was published which made him famous. Marco Polo told his fantastic stories to a writer named Rustichello who wrote them down for him. This man was wellknown for his stories and romantic tales of the legendary English King Arthur, but so many people doubted the reliability of his book The Travels of Marco Polo. However, Chinese historians have found obscure names and facts in the book that could only have been known to someone intimate with the country.Many of Marcos stories were about China and its people. He told stories about the towns, cities and populations in great detail. He described the amazing things he saw in China such as paper money and black stone that burned (coal). With very little contact between China and the West, it is not surprising that people in a rich powerful place like Venice could not believe his stories, nor in the idea of huge, rich city states inhabited by millions of people. There could surely be no comparison with Venice?A general myth has grown up around Marco Polo that he introduced such things as spaghetti and ice cream from China to the West. There is no truth to any of these claims and actually they are not mentioned in Marco Polos book.However, Marco Polos book is still a unique insight for its age. Most importantly it was a great influence for many future travellers. Christopher Columbus left behind a wellworn copy that he read as inspiration on his own voyages to America.馬可波羅游記那年是公元1271年，想象一個(gè)來自意大利威尼斯，受過良好教育且被培養(yǎng)成一個(gè)富商的17歲男孩，和他的父親及叔叔開始了一次長達(dá)25年的旅程，去往一片大多數(shù)歐洲人聞所未聞的神奇而遙遠(yuǎn)的土地。在他們的旅行中，他們買賣香料、絲綢和珠寶，他們與世界上最有權(quán)力的人之一忽必烈汗交朋友。男孩的名字叫馬可波羅，許多年之后，一本關(guān)于他旅行的書被出版了，使他一舉成名。馬可波羅把他的神奇的故事講述給一個(gè)叫魯斯提契洛的作家，由他替馬可波羅寫下來。這個(gè)人因?yàn)閷懥藗髌娴挠鴣喩醯睦寺适露艹雒呛芏嗳硕紤岩神R可波羅游記這本書的真實(shí)性。然而，中國歷史學(xué)家已經(jīng)找到了書里面那些晦澀的名字和事實(shí)，只有那些與這個(gè)國家關(guān)系密切的人才能知道這些事情。馬可波羅的許多故事都是關(guān)于中國和中國人民的。他非常詳盡地講述了小鎮(zhèn)、城市和人們的故事。他描述了他在中國看到的令人驚訝的東西，如紙幣和黑色能燃燒的石頭(煤)。因?yàn)橹形鞣街g鮮有聯(lián)系，像威尼斯那樣富有地方的人們會(huì)不相信他的故事就一點(diǎn)也不奇怪了，更無法想象數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人居住在龐大富饒的城邦。那里果真不能與威尼斯媲美？一個(gè)圍繞馬可波羅的神話故事流傳開了，那就是他將意大利通心粉和冰淇淋等東西從中國傳到西方。這些說法都不是真的，實(shí)際上馬可波羅的書中也沒有提到過。然而，馬可波羅的書對于當(dāng)時(shí)的時(shí)代來說仍具有獨(dú)一無二的洞察力。最重要的是它對未來的旅行者有極大的影響力?？死锼雇蟹蚋鐐惒剂粝乱槐痉煤芷茽€的書，在去美洲途中他通過閱讀這本書獲取精神上的鼓舞。1But when land came into sight, the Endurance became trapped in the ice and began to break up.(P7)但是當(dāng)人們看見陸地的時(shí)候，“耐力”號卻陷在冰塊里開始解體。come into sight 進(jìn)入視野，看得見The mountain town came into sight as we turned the last corner.我們拐過最后一道彎，山城就映入了眼簾。catch sight of發(fā)現(xiàn)，突然看到lose sight of 看不見in/out of sight 在視野之內(nèi)/外at first sight 乍一看，初看起來at (the) sight of 一看見Tom caught_sight_of a bus slowing down before the stop.湯姆看見一輛公共汽車在進(jìn)站前慢慢停了下來。At the railway station, the mother waved to her daughter until the train was out_of_sight.媽媽在火車站向女兒揮手告別，直到火車消失在視線中。break up打碎，撞碎，粉碎；分解；分手；結(jié)束；分裂；驅(qū)散寫出下列句中break up的含義This ship broke up on the rocks.撞碎The crowd started to break up when the night fell. 散開The party didnt break up until after midnight. 結(jié)束break down出故障，拋錨；(身體等)垮下來break in 打斷；插嘴；破門而入break into 強(qiáng)行闖入；突然開始break out 爆發(fā)break through 沖破，突破break away from 脫離，逃脫We were downloading music when our computer broke_down suddenly.我們正在下載音樂，這時(shí)計(jì)算機(jī)出故障了。Please dont_break_in when others are talking.別人談話時(shí)，請不要插嘴。2Sunrise and sunset come once every six months, and in the winter the total absence of daylight can be tiresome, and for some, depressing.(P11)日出和日落每6個(gè)月才有一次，在冬天完全沒有白天讓人非常厭煩，對有些人來說很壓抑。absence nU缺乏；沒有； C, U不在，缺席We didnt receive any news during his long absence.我們在他長期不在的這段時(shí)間沒有收到任何消息。(1)absence from 缺席in the absence of 由于缺乏in ones absence 某人不在時(shí)(2)absent adj. 缺席的，不在的；缺乏的be absent from 不在的現(xiàn)場；未出席absentminded adj. 心不在焉的，健忘的In_the_absence_of firm evidence the suspect was set free.因缺乏確鑿的證據(jù)，嫌疑犯被釋放了。Tom was_absent_from school because he was ill.湯姆沒來上學(xué)，因?yàn)樗×恕?We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas.(P11)除非在特定的區(qū)域，我們反對吸煙。discourage v阻止；打消的念頭；使灰心It may be difficult to do at first. Dont let this discourage you.開始時(shí)做起來也許很困難，不要讓這個(gè)使你泄氣。(1)discourage sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(2)discouraging adj. 令人泄氣的discouraged adj. (人)感到泄氣的(3)encourage v. 鼓勵(lì)encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事We tried to discourage_him_from_climbing the mountain without a guide.我們努力勸他在沒有向?qū)У那闆r下不要爬山。Dont be discouraged (discourage) by the first failure try again!不要因第一次失敗就灰心喪氣，再試一次吧！The new teaching methods encouraged_children_to_think by themselves.新的教學(xué)方法鼓勵(lì)孩子們獨(dú)立思考。聯(lián)想發(fā)散與discourage sb. from doing sth.類似的搭配還有 keep/prevent/stop_sb._from_doing_sth.等。4Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency.(P11)在緊急情況下可以得到醫(yī)療救助。in case of如果；假使In case of emergency, break the glass and press the button.一旦發(fā)生緊急情況，擊碎玻璃并按下按鈕。in case (that) 萬一；以防in no case 無論如何；決不(位于句首用倒裝)in any case 無論如何；總之in this/that case 如果這樣/那樣的話as is often the case 這是常有的事Take a hat with you in_case the sun is very hot.你帶上帽子吧，以防陽光太強(qiáng)烈。In no case can_I_tolerate such a mistake.不管怎樣，我絕不能容忍這樣的錯(cuò)誤。As_is_often_the_case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.對于孩子來說經(jīng)常會(huì)有這樣的情況發(fā)生，當(dāng)醫(yī)生到達(dá)時(shí)，艾米好多了。5Its a privilege, not a right to come to this extraordinary place.(P11)來這種特別的地方是一種榮幸而不是一種權(quán)利。privilege n榮幸，榮耀；特權(quán)；特殊利益，優(yōu)惠待遇Education should be a universal right and not a privilege.教育應(yīng)當(dāng)是全民的權(quán)利而非部分人的特權(quán)。have the privilege of doing/to do 有權(quán)/有幸做It is a privilege to do . 做是一種榮幸/特權(quán)I hope to have_the_privilege_of working with him again.我希望有幸與他再度合作。It_was_a_great_privilege_to_hear her sing.聽她唱歌真是三生有幸。6A general myth has grown up around Marco Polo that he introduced such things as spaghetti and ice cream from China to the West.(P13)關(guān)于馬可波羅最為大家熟知的一個(gè)傳說是他將意大利面條和冰激凌等從中國傳入西方。that后面的內(nèi)容是A general myth的同位語從句，被謂語部分has grown up所分隔。有時(shí)同位語從句可以不跟在要說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。Word came that our football team had been defeated again.有消息傳來，我們的足球隊(duì)又被打敗了。（1）that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，因此that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句是完整的不缺任何成分的句子，且that一般不省略。(2)除that外，whether, what, how等也可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。The general gave the order that_the_soldiers_(should)_cross_the_river at once.將軍下達(dá)了士兵們必須立即渡河的命令。I have no idea whether_the_president_will_come tomorrow.我不知道明天董事長是否會(huì)來。My question how_I_shall_get_in_touch_with_him has not been answered.我怎樣才能和他取得聯(lián)系的問題還沒有得到答復(fù)。7Christopher Columbus left behind a wellworn copy that he read as inspiration on his own voyages to America.(P13)克里斯托夫哥倫布留下一本翻得很破爛的書，在去美洲途中他通過閱讀這本書獲取了精神上的鼓舞。leave behind遺留，留下Her husband died, leaving behind nothing but debts.她丈夫死了，除了債務(wù)什么也沒留下。leave alone不理會(huì)，不管，不理，不干涉leave for 動(dòng)身去leave off 停止做某事leave out 遺漏；不包括，不提及I notice that the advertisement_leaves_out_the price of the product.我注意到廣告中沒有提到產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格。Start reading from where you_left_off last time.從上次停下的地方接著讀吧。.單句語法填空1They think that looking for a job these days sounds a little depressing (depress)2In my point of view, my mothers words are a great inspiration (inspire) to me.3Bob found it very tiresome (tire) doing the same job day after day, so he resigned from the company.4Its a privilege for me to say a few words on this special occasion.5We must adjust ourselves to the changing society unless we want to be left behind.6The school has set up a special class to help those poor learners.7Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.8Elderly people easily become sociall