淺析《傲慢與偏見》中金錢與婚姻的關系

安陽師范學院人文管理學院本科畢業(yè)論文（設計）畢業(yè)論文 學號： 13320041 The Analysis of Relationships Between Property and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice淺析傲慢與偏見中金錢與婚姻的關系 學 院 外國語學院 專 業(yè) 英 語 班 級 專升本1301班 姓 名 趙姣姣 指 導 教 師 介斐斐 2015 年 6 月 8 日The Analysis of Relationships Between Property and Marriage in Pride and PrejudicebySupervisedbyHumanistic Management College of Anyang Normal UniversityJune 2015安陽師范學院人文管理學院本科畢業(yè)論文摘 要傲慢與偏見是一部19世紀偉大的現(xiàn)實主義小說，主要講述了簡奧斯汀的婚姻觀點。在這部小說中，我們可以看到當時英國社會對經(jīng)濟地位的一種偏執(zhí)的想法?；橐?，作為一種特殊的關系，也是建立在經(jīng)濟基礎之上的。眾所周知，愛情是婚姻的基礎。但是在當時的社會，經(jīng)濟在婚姻中同樣扮演著很重要的角色。本文講述了不同人物對于愛情的不同理解，資產(chǎn)階級婚姻的實質(zhì)無非是金錢交易、利益的結(jié)合。這篇論文就是通過對這四段婚姻的詳細的分析，來探討傲慢與偏見中的愛情觀和婚姻觀，還指出了小說的現(xiàn)實意義所在。文章最后告誡人們，真正的婚姻是建立在思維融洽、尊重和真愛上的。關鍵詞：金錢；婚姻；愛情IAbstractPride and prejudice was written by Jane Austen. It is an excellent realistic novel in the nineteenth century, showing Jane Austens perspectives on marriage. From this novel, we can see the illiberal concern for property of relationship in the English society. Marriage, as a special relationship, is also built upon property. It is well-known that love is based on the marriage. However, a good economic situation is necessary for people in such a historical social environment. The paper describes the different comprehensions on love in Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austens unique perspectives tells people the essence of bourgeois marriage is money transactions and benefit trade. And this paper examines the marriages as presented in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, and analyses the importance of marriages. The thesis points out the practical significance of the novel. And it suggests that the harmonious marriage is built upon the mutual understanding, respect and true love.Key Words: property; views on marriage; loveIIContents摘 要IAbstractII1. Introduction12. Jane Austen and Her Work.12.1 Jane Austen and Her Writing Style12.2 Pride and Prejudice and the Background23. The Property in the Marriage33.1 Charlotte and Collins Marriage43.2 Lydia and Wickhams Marriage53.3 Jane and Bingleys Marriage53.4 Darcy and Elizabeths Marriage64. The Different Comprehensions on Love in Pride and Prejudice74.1 The Marriage Built upon Social Status84.2 The Marriage Built upon Money and Interests84.3 The Marriage Built upon Vanity and Carelessness.104.4 The Marriage Built upon True Love.105. Conclusion12Bibliography13Acknowledgments141. IntroductionJane Austen, one of the famous English novelists, was born in 1775 Hampshire, England, having eight brothers and sisters. In her writing career, the most representative works of only six, but did not weaken the position in Austen in English literature, but increasingly important over time, even today, her readers also increased. Her works often adapted movies, TV shows, the majority of the audience. Most of her works described love and marriage. She expressed her understanding of these topics by her sharp and humorous language. Her works were excellent for the irony of the society of UK at that time. Pride and Prejudices is one of the most representative novels for her works. The plot was simple namely, is how the young ladies choose their husbands. Someone said that “Elizabeth, the protagonist of the novel, flatly rejected William Collins proposal, who is the heir of her fathers property and manor, and refused the first proposal from the extremely wealthy nobleman Fitzwilliam Darcy later,” (潘維新,1989) all this makes it clear that Elizabeth “seeks no fame nor fortune, but self-improvement and high mental outlook.” It can affect everybodys words and deeds, even Elizabeth Bennett. Tony Tanner once said, “Jane Austen, as well as other authors, is very so clear that no feeling could be extremely pure and no motive could be definitely single. But as long as it is possible, we should make it clear that which feeling or motive plays the leading role.” (TannerTony,2001:20)2. Jane Austen and Her Work 2.1 Jane Austen and Her Writing StyleJane Austen was born in a middle-class family in England. She lived a very harmonious and plain life there. Her father was a pastor. And as far as his concerned, education is very significant for children. She obtained most of the knowledge which from her father. She hadnt been to a formal school, but when she was nine years old she was send to school. Reading and writing is her most favorite things. And in the later life these made a lot of contributions to her writings. For a long time Austin and her family lived in a very congestive and feudal countryside. And their living circle was quite narrow. Whats more, people who contacted the pastors and the middle-classes. In fact, the early life in the parish of the countryside was so very useful for her writing that she can obtain the creative idea from her life. She described the true life in the towns of England at that time by humorous and ironic writing styles. Besides, she also showed vividly the images of people. In these works, she made a very deep research on the status of women and the choice of marriage. Her works demonstrated a very important literary value and society significance. (Huang Rong,2007) Austen was considered as a classical writer. As her words, most works described a peaceful and elegant life in village. (JaneAusten,1813:5) There was no fiercely political reform, just the serenity of the promenade, the parish, the picnic, the party, the marriage, the chat in the countryside. Through thing just like these Jane Austen showed that the culture of English society and the deeper meanings.2.2 Pride and Prejudice and the Background Pride and Prejudice is Austens work in the early time. She started to write it in 1796 and finished in 1797. Pride and Prejudice was called “Initial impression” firstly. (JaneAusten,1813:5) Although her father was astonished by her work, the publisher refused to publish her work. Then Austen wrote it again, and finally it was published in 1813. She created her works between 18th and 19th century. At that time English society changed from Pre-capitalist to Industrial capitalism. In Jane Austens rational views, excluded the emotional views, her works became another masterpiece of realism. Her works were the highest level of the United Kingdom revolution. (JaneAusten,1813:5)The United Kingdom obtained the seas control right because of the winning of the war in the 60s of 18th century. Due to the change of property and right, the new perspectives became the traditional middle-class ideas in the countryside at that time. The economic statuss conversion improved the institutional reform, so the squire class self-image was promoted. The small towns and rural areas were under the control of squire class inevitably. (Sampson,George,1988) From 1795 to 1798, the domestic regions revolution had become a very high level. So Austen was influenced by this period of time. 3. The Property in the MarriageElizabeth is the daughter of an old squire had no sons, and five sisters, her middle child. Sister Jane is known for the lady, Elizabeth Jane did the same good face, but have created a rich inner meaning and personality in the books. She felt a longing for pure love and confusion of the present life. (Penn, Merlin,2007) At this time, she met seemingly arrogant Darcy. Darcys friend, Bentley and Jane fall in love, but Darcy grounds of property and status they split up. Elizabeth also met a cousin, he was not just for marriage for love and the pursuit of Elizabeth, she refused to marry him ridiculous. Her friend Charlotte was equally unhappy marriage because of his two married her cousin. Elizabeth went to visit the wedding of Charlotte, where she met Darcy, Darcy confided to her affection. But Elizabeth was because of his arrogance refused him. Later, with an officer Wickham had to pursue their elopement. Wickham and Darcy grew up together in the abduction of his sister after not threaten property, made an officer. Elizabeth listened to his slander against Darcy. At that time when Darcy by Elizabeth in rude refused, still in love with her, and paid for Wickham and Elizabeth married Elizabeths family saved. Eventually, Elizabeth Darcy learned a soulful, finally, they are a married couple, Elizabeth finally got her dream of love. And Jane and Bentley finally came together. Elizabeth brave with the knowledge and experience to enrich their minds, and ultimately, to break with the status of property and secular vision, got my love, in a world full of hypocrisy and vanity of society, to find themselves and cherish.3.1 Charlotte and Collins MarriageIn Pride and Prejudice, the first marriage is Charlotte and Collins marriage, and their marriage is natural but indifferent. Charlotte is Elizabeths best friend, but they are different in the choice of marriage. Like Elizabeth, Charlotte has no wealth, her appearance is not amazing, but she is very mind. She regards as a shrewd woman. She believes that “l(fā)ife is a happy marriage is entirely a matter of chance.”As a twenty-year-old woman, her choice of marriage is completely out of practical considerations. When she first met Collins, she thought he was stupid. However, when he asked her to marry him, and Charlotte clearly knew “Collins is certainly not a sensible man, as people do not like.” But she immediately agreed, because she believed marriage has always been her goal, as to find what kind of man, what married life is not value for the property, but not many well-educated young woman, a married is the only way for decent, although there is no assurance can be happy, married women must also be the most pleasant refuge from poverty can be. Charlotte married for money, by this marriage, she just got a rich man, and thus have a sense of security on the economy. Marriage for them can be described as a task, but Collins couples from marriage to get the things they want. Charlotte has been stable and prosperous life; Collins also got a warm home, this is their marriage understanding. So both of the two families rival mutually, especially in the eyes of the ordinary women, such rivalry was particularly tedious. (朱虹,1986:16) Such marriage is superficial without love in it. It was a practical marriage without happiness.3.2 Lydia and Wickhams MarriageThe second marriage is between Bennetts third daughter Lydia and Wickham. Bennett familys youngest daughter Lydia is a simple-minded, but frivolous vanity girl. She keens on socializing and proud of it. “As long as anyone an instigation, she would put anyones arms. Her feelings always kept fluctuating, wavering.” (雷立美,2003) Wickham is a handsome appearance, the actual immorality, very luxurious, and treacherous people. He first lured wealthy Miss Darcy, but conspiracy cracked, did not succeed. After joining the militia, he first courted Elizabeth, and then again to start the pursuit wealthy Miss King, and eventually even elope and Lydia.Lydia and Wickham combination can be said to be absurd. Her love for Wickham is due entirely to the other side who has handsome face, beautiful body also fascinating conversation. Their relationship is based entirely on the lust and appearance, there is no love-based, can be said to be neither practical nor romantic. Marriage between them is conditional, in Darcys help, the two talents reluctantly married. But the “two luxury splurge, only the immediate happy, without regard to the future, they often rely on a letter to Elizabeth Jane or help, expect their financial aid to pay the bills. Wickham love for Lydia soon plummeted.” Lydia and Wickham are also derived from the marriage of what they want: Lydia got the desire to meet; Wickham also wants to get his wealth, which is their understanding of marriage. (傅俊,2002)3.3 Jane and Bingleys MarriageThe third marriage is of the eldest daughter Jane and Mr. Bingley. Jane and Bingley marriage is considered to be the happiest marriage. Jane Bennett familys eldest daughter who is gentle and lovely, beautiful and generous, people always think about the bright side. These charming temperament she completely attracted young and handsome, handsome rich Bingley. They attract each other and love each other, although sometime they eventually abandoned the status of many obstacles together. This is an enviable happy marriage. However, I think this is a wonderful lurking behind some of the crisis. Jane and Bingley Love in the city, another match, any people, they are the most suited together. In their marriage, love is not the most important foundation is a major attraction. Bingley for Janes beauty and kindness attracted Jane for Bingleys handsome and gentlemanly, they attracted more love between them showed an admiration for each other. Marriage is a complex contraction, both parties must have adequate infrastructure to sustain love this contract. 3.4 Darcy and Elizabeths MarriageThe fourth marriage is Darcy and Elizabeths marriage. Mr Qian said, “rushed outside people who want to go, the citys people bailing out.” Marriage between them is tortuous ups but unforgettable love based. Elizabeth and Darcy began to give each other a left a bad impression. Elizabeth thinks Darcy is insolent, but also because of Elizabeth, Darcys social class and her relatives who shotgun while ignoring her merits and virtues. Later, Darcy finally recognized Elizabeth valuable point, starts the pursuit, after being refused still not gas is not hungry, and finally through their own action to eliminate the Elizabeth own prejudices and misunderstandings, so the two together.In first proposal for the sector, in terms of ideology change is not just Elizabeth, as well as Darcy. Because Elizabeth Darcys letter, recognize their own biases; then realized his arrogance. If Elizabeth Darcys first proposal for not rejected, Darcy for her fascination with and will not last. If there is no dialogue rejected, and Darcy is that although rich, but too arrogant superior person. For such people, even if the impulse Elizabeth agreed to marry him in the near future, Elizabeth still rejects it. And if not the letter of refusal, although that Elizabeth is still cheerful, beautiful, outspoken, but too subjective and biased people, for such people, Darcy will soon get tired. Because of these setbacks, the love between them was even more precious, more profound.4. The Different Comprehensions on Love in Pride and PrejudicePride and Prejudice is a love story which shows the young, intelligent Elizabeth Bennett and the rich aristocratic Fitzwilliam Darcy as protagonists. Jane embodies four different marriages in the novel. The beginning of this design, Jane Austen is a profound implication. Money and marriage are inseparable, this author does not deny. As for the money, the dominant notion of marriage, is critical of Austin, but she did not reveal the identity of the social nature of social critic, nor the use of extreme tactics of radical artists. By yielded several depictions of marriage, she revealed an important role in the social pecuniary interest in marriage plays, peoples feelings will be subject to its control. Lydia and Wickham marriage, not just about entirely by money, but the combination of both, initially only because vulgar sensual attraction. Such a marriage not only bring their own misfortune, but also will hurt their families, Jane Austens most opposed to such a combination. For Charlotte and Collins is full of real color of marriage, is not in favor of the author. However, through description, we also recognize that in the prevailing social environment, peoples feelings had to obey to the frustration of money. Jane Austen with Elizabeth and Darcys marriage as an example gives a negative answer, of course, money important, “there is no money in the marriage is stupid.” (王佐良,1984) If you do not have some money to a foundation, then sincere feelings will be tested in a long time, even to rupture. But the authors also pointed out that “Do not get married without love,” Elizabeth and Darcys marriage is undoubtedly the Austen respected marriage patterns. Through marriage, many people have changed, such as his wife, the latter half of the generation actually turned into a sensible, amiable, well-informed woman. Despite Austin fashioned marriage with some idealistic color, there can be a perfect thing in the world. But she is the way to show her love for money and in view of the pros and cons of marriage-love is more important.4.1 The Marriage Built upon Social StatusBacon is that people in the choice of his wife should not be too focused on wealth, beauty, interest, noble, etc., and should be considered “religious ideological quality, the integrity of her parents, her virtue, her housekeeping ability, her good nature.” Although Elizabeth does not have the “integrity of her parents,” the objective conditions, but several other requirements are equipped with Elizabeth. But also because of this, Darcy will strive to overcome their “arrogance” and really was about love. Even if the beginning is really arrogant narcissism, it can also become a healthy and commendable attitude to life. The conceited man, although it looks pretentious, self-pity, but he was able to observe himself through the eyes of others. Elizabeth and Darcy finally form a happy marriage, was her turn Darcy had a sincere love, rather than D