2016_2017學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Unit3FavouriteTeachersPeriodThreeGrammar練習(xí).docx

Period Three Grammar & Writing語(yǔ)法精析一、概念直接引述別人的原話，放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，被引用的部分稱作直接引語(yǔ)(TheDirectSpeech)；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不用引號(hào)，被轉(zhuǎn)述的部分稱作間接引語(yǔ)(TheIndirectSpeech)。間接引語(yǔ)在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上是復(fù)合句的賓語(yǔ)從句。二、規(guī)則英語(yǔ)中，將直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意：語(yǔ)序、主語(yǔ)、時(shí)態(tài)、人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等發(fā)生變化。1陳述句直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，首先使用that引導(dǎo)，口語(yǔ)中that可以省略；主句謂語(yǔ)如果是saidto.須改為told；其他作下列變化：(1)人稱變化：遵循“一從主，二從賓，第三人稱不更新”的原則?！耙粡闹鳌保丛谥苯右Z(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中主語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要按主句主語(yǔ)的人稱進(jìn)行變化?！癐havealreadydonemyhomework，”shetoldme.Shetoldmethatshehadalreadydoneherhomework.“二從賓”，即在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱或被第二人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱應(yīng)與主句中賓語(yǔ)的人稱一致。Marysaidtome，“Yourmotherisgoingtothepartythedayaftertomorrow.”Marytoldmethatmymotherwasgoingtothepartyintwodaystime.“第三人稱不更新”，即在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的第三人稱不需要變化。Mr.Smithsaid，“Robertisagoodworker.”Mr.SmithsaidthatRobertwasagoodworker.即時(shí)跟蹤1單句改錯(cuò)(1)ShesaidthatIwouldgotherethatevening.Ishe(2)Hesaidthatmyfamilyhadbeenthereformanyyears.myhis(3)Heaskedmehowyourmotherwasthen.yourmy(2)時(shí)態(tài)變化：如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(即直接引語(yǔ)前面或后面的動(dòng)詞)是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)必須和主句的過(guò)去形式一致。即：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)(不變)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)注意如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Hesays，“Ihaveacceptedhersuggestion.”Hesaysthathehasacceptedhersuggestion.Lucysays，“Idontlikemath.”Lucysaysthatshedoesntlikemath.如果直接引語(yǔ)是客觀事實(shí)和真理，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)也不變。Ourteachersaid，“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”O(jiān)urteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.如果直接引語(yǔ)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)且有具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Hesaid，“Iwasbornin1998.”Hesaidthathewasbornin1998.即時(shí)跟蹤2將下列直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)(1)Jimsaid，“Imexpectingalongdistancecall.”Jimsaidthathewasexpectingalongdistancecall.(2)Shesaid，“Ihavenotheardfrommyparentsforalongtime.”Shesaidthatshehadnotheardfromherparentsforalongtime.(3)Hesaid，“Icametohelpyou.”Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.(4)Marysaid，“Wellhaveapartynextweek.”Marysaidthattheywouldhaveapartythenextweek.(3)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化：nowthentodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforetonightthatnightagobeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaynextweekthenext/followingweeklastnightthenightbeforelastweektheweekbefore(4)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化：herethere(如果說(shuō)話的地點(diǎn)仍在原地，則仍用here。)(5)指示代詞的變化：thisthatthesethose(6)表示方向的動(dòng)詞變化：comegobringtake (如果說(shuō)話人地點(diǎn)仍在原地，則不變。)即時(shí)跟蹤3將下列直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)(1)Shesaid，“Iwillcomethisevening.”Shesaidthatshewouldgothatevening.(2)Hesaid，“Itiseightoclocknow.”Hesaidthatitwaseightoclockthen.(3)Tomsaid，“IhaventseenJohntoday.”TomsaidthathehadntseenJohnthatday.(4)Shesaid，“Iwillbringmydictionaryheretomorrow.”Shesaidthatshewouldtakeherdictionarytherethenext/followingday.(5)Hesaid，“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.2一般疑問(wèn)句直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，除了人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等作相應(yīng)變化外，還有：(1)主句中的said改為asked (sb.)。(2)間接引語(yǔ)用if或whether引導(dǎo)。(3)原直接引語(yǔ)中疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。Shesaid，“Isyourfatherathome？”Sheasked (me) whethermyfatherwasathome.3特殊疑問(wèn)句直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，除了人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等作相應(yīng)變化外，還有：(1)主句中的said改為asked (sb.)。(2)直接引語(yǔ)中的疑問(wèn)詞不變。(3)原直接引語(yǔ)中疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。“WhatdoyoudoeverySundaymorning？”myfriendaskedme.MyfriendaskedmewhatIdideverySundaymorning.4選擇疑問(wèn)句直接引語(yǔ)是選擇疑問(wèn)句，除了有陳述句改為間接引語(yǔ)的那些變化外，還有：(1)主句中的said改為asked，wondered等。(2)間接引語(yǔ)由whether.or或if.or引導(dǎo)。(3)原直接引語(yǔ)中的疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。Hesaid，“Isthedooropenorclosed？”Heaskedmewhether/ifthedoorwasopenorclosed.5反意疑問(wèn)句直接引語(yǔ)是反意疑問(wèn)句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)也變?yōu)橛蒳f或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，用陳述語(yǔ)序?！癥ouhaveworkedhereforalongtime，haventyou？”heasked.Heasked (me) if/whetherIhadworkedthereforalongtime.即時(shí)跟蹤4將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)或直接引語(yǔ)(1)Tomsaid，“Canyoucomethisafternoon，John？”Tomaskedif/whetherJohncouldgothatafternoon.TomaskedJohnif/whetherhecouldgothatafternoon.(2)TheboyaskedmeifIwasateacher.Theboyasked，“Areyouateacher？”(3)Shesaidtome，“Hesheretoaskforhelp，isnthe？”Sheaskedmeif/whetherhewastheretoaskforhelp.(4)Mr.LiaskedSarawhatshewanted.Mr.Liasked，“Whatdoyouwant，Sara？”(5)“Doyouwanttogohomeorstayhere？”sheasked.Sheasked (me) if/whetherIwantedtogohomeorstaythere.高考鏈接.填寫(xiě)空白處所需的內(nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或所提供單詞的正確形式1Youhavetoknowwhereyouregoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.(2015湖南，26)2WemustfindoutwhenKarliscoming，sowecanbookaroomforhim.(2015重慶，8)3Jameshasjustarrived，butIdidntknowhewascoming (come) untilyesterday.(2014重慶，8)4Expertsbelievethatpeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.(2013北京，33)5“Whatdoyouwanttobe？”askedMrs.Crawford.“Oh，Iwillbe (be) president，”saidtheboy，withasmile.(2013湖南，22)6Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.(2011北京，31).完成下列反意疑問(wèn)句1IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay，didntyou？(2014重慶，10)2Thereislittledoubtinyourmindthatheisinnocent，isthere？(2012江蘇，25)3Itoldthemnoteverybodycouldrunasfastasyoudid，didntI？(2011重慶，28).單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有一處錯(cuò)誤)1WhenIwasachild，Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.(2015全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))thinkthought2Hello，boysandgirls！Today，Iamgoingtotalkaboutwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.(2014四川，短文改錯(cuò))gogoes常用句式1IwassopleasedtoreceiveyourletterandIamwritingtotellyou.2InyourletteryouaskedmeforsomeadviceonhowtoimproveyourspokenEnglish.3Hereismyadvice./My advice for you is this./Myadviceisthat./Myadviceisasfollows.4Youhadbetter./Youmightaswell.5Imlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.典例展示假定你是李華，你的筆友Jane最近總是感覺(jué)身體不適，因此寫(xiě)信向你詢問(wèn)如何保持健康。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)提示給她回信。1合理飲食；2鍛煉身體；3保證充足睡眠，不要熬夜。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2信的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；3可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearJane，Imsorrytohearthatyouarenotverywellthesedays.Bestwishes.Yourssincerely，LiHua聯(lián)想詞匯1保持健康stay/keephealthy2均衡飲食abalanceddiet3新鮮水果蔬菜freshfruitandvegetables4有規(guī)律的鍛煉regularexercise5熬夜stayup佳作背誦DearJane，Imsorrytohearthatyouarenotverywellthesedays.Inyourletteryouaskedmehowtostayhealthy.Hereismyadvice.Firstly，youshouldkeepabalanceddiet.Youshouldavoideatingfoodhighinfatandtoomuchsweetfood.Youdbettereatmorefreshfruitandvegetables.Secondly，takingexerciseeverydayhelpsbuildingastrongbody.Whynottakemoreexerciseinyoursparetime？Asweallknow，exerciseisanimportantpartofkeepingushealthy.Finally，makesureyouhaveenoughsleepandyoumustntstayuptoolateatnight.Byeatingproperlyandexercisingregularly，youcankeepyourbodyataproperweightandstayhealthy.Itrulyhopemyadviceishelpfulandyoullgetwellsoon.Bestwishes.Yourssincerely，LiHua.將下列直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)1“Doyouknowwhatisgoingonnow？”heaskedhismother.Heaskedhismotherwhether/ifsheknewwhatwasgoingonthen.2Hesaid，“Nothingistoodifficultifweputourheartintoit.”Hesaidthatnothingwastoodifficultifwe/theyputour/theirheartintoit.3“Iwenttouniversityinthe1960s，”hetoldhisstudents.Hetoldhisstudentsthathewenttouniversityinthe1960s.4Mr.Smithasked，“HowlongdidittakeyoutoflytoNewYork，John？”Mr.SmithaskedJohnhowlongithadtakenhimtoflytoNewYork.5“Youhavefinishedyourhomework，haventyou？”myfatherasked.Myfatheraskedmeif/whetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.完成句子6Mothertoldhersonthathemuststayathomeuntilshecameback.媽媽告訴兒子一定要呆在家里直到她回來(lái)。7Ourgeographyteachertoldusthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.地理老師告訴我們?cè)虑蚶@著地球轉(zhuǎn)。8Shetoldmethatshewouldfinishtheworkthenextweek.她告訴我她將在下一個(gè)星期完成工作。9TomaskedmewhetherIlikedtheredballorthebrownone.湯姆問(wèn)我是喜歡這個(gè)紅色的球還是那個(gè)褐色的。10HeaskedmewhenIjoinedthearmy.他問(wèn)我是什么時(shí)候參軍的。.閱讀理解ATherewasastorymanyyearsagoofaschoolteacherMrs.Thompson.Shetoldthechildrenonthefirstdaythatshelovedthemallthesame.Butthatwasalie.ThereinthefrontrowwasalittleboynamedTeddyStoddard.Hedidntplaywellwiththeotherchildrenandhealwaysneededabath.Shedidnotlikehim.ThenMrs.ThompsongottoknowthatTeddywasactuallyaverygoodboybeforethedeathofhismother.Mrs.Thompsonwasashamedofherself.Shefeltevenworsewhen，likeallherotherstudents，TeddybroughtheraChristmaspresenttoo.Itwashismothersperfume(香水)Teddysaid，“Mrs.Thompson，todayyousmelljustlikemyMomusedto.”Suddenly，sherealizedthatwhatTeddyreallyneededwasmotherlylove.Afterthechildrenleftshecriedforatleastanhour.Onthatveryday，shestoppedteachingreading，writingandmath.Instead，shebegantoteachchildren.Mrs.ThomsponpaidparticularattentiontoTeddy.Theboysmindseemedtocomealive.Themoresheencouragedhim，thefasterheimproved.Bytheendofthesixthgrade，Teddyhadbecomeoneofthesmartestchildrenintheclass.SixyearswentbybeforeshegotanotefromTeddy.Hewrotethathehadfinishedhighschool，thirdinhisclass，andshewasstillthebestteacherheeverhadinhiswholelife.Hewenttocollege.Mrs.Thompsongottwomorelettersfromhimwiththelastonesigned，TheodoreFStoddard，M.D.(醫(yī)學(xué)博士)Thestorydoesntendthere.Onhisweddingday，Dr.Stoddardwhispered(耳語(yǔ)) inMrs.Thompsonsear，“Thankyou，Mrs.Thompson，forencouragingme.YoumademefeelimportantandshowedmethatIcouldmakeadifference.”Mrs.Thomspon，withtearsinhereyes，whisperedback，“Teddy，youhaveitallwrong.YouweretheonewhotaughtmethatIcouldmakeadifference.IdidntknowhowtoteachuntilImetyou.”11WhatdidMrs.Thompsondoonthefirstdayofschool?AShemadeTeddyfeelashamed.BSheaskedthechildrentoplaywithTeddy.CShechangedTeddysseattothefrontrow.DShetoldtheclasssomethinguntrueaboutherself.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“Shetoldthechildrenonthefirstdaythatshelovedthemallthesame.Butthatwasalie.”可知，湯姆森夫人對(duì)學(xué)生說(shuō)的話是不真實(shí)的。故選D。12WhatdidMrs.ThompsonfindoutaboutTeddy?AHeoftentoldlies.BHewasgoodatmath.CHeneededmotherlycare.DHeenjoyedplayingwithothers.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Suddenly，sherealizedthatwhatTeddyreallyneededwasmotherlylove.”可知，她發(fā)現(xiàn)Teddy需要的是母愛(ài)。故選C。13InwhatwaydidMrs.Thompsonchange?AShetaughtfewerschoolsubjects.BShebecamestrictwithherstudents.CShenolongerlikedherjobasateacher.DShecaredmoreabouteducatingstudents.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Onthatveryday，shestoppedteachingreading，writingandmath.Instead，shebegantoteachchildren.”可知，她開(kāi)始更關(guān)心學(xué)生的教育。故選D。14WhydidTeddythankMrs.Thompsonathiswedding?AShehadkeptintouchwithhim.BShehadgivenhimencouragement.CShehadsenthimChristmaspresents.DShehadtaughthimhowtojudgepeople.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thankyou，Mrs.Thompson，forencouragingme.YoumademefeelimportantandshowedmethatIcouldmakeadifference.”可知，Teddy感謝Thompson夫人是因?yàn)樗o了他勇氣。故選B。BDoyourememberthenameofyourkindergartenteacher？Ido.HernamewasMrsWhite.Idontremembermuchaboutwhatwelearnedinherclass，butmymotheroncetoldmethatweusedtowritealot.AndIwouldbringbackwhatIwroteandshewouldlookatitandfindthereweresomanymistakes，butnoredcorrections，andalwaysastar.SometimesevenaGood！Thisworriedmymother，soonedaywhenshewenttomeetMrsWhiteforoneofthoseParentTeachermeetings，sheaskedherwhysheneverredpenciledmymistakesintherightspellingsofwordsorpointedoutgrammaticalerrors.“Thechildrenarejustbeginningtogetexcitedaboutusingwords，orformingsentences.Idontwanttodamagethatenthusiasmwithredink.Spellingandgrammarcanwait.Thewonderofwordswont.”MrsWhitesaid.LaterIknewthatifMrsWhitehadusedherredpenoftenIprobablywouldntbetellingyouaboutthisnow.Ilookbacknowandthinkshemusthavebeenaratherextraordinaryteachertoexercisesuchredpenrestraint (限制)Iusedtomisspell“beautiful”alot，andnevercouldquiterememberthatthe“e”wentbeforethe“a”Itannoyedmyteacherinhighschool.IfIwasgoingtoemploythewordwithsuchlavishness(華麗豐富的語(yǔ)言)，shefigured，theleastIcoulddowasspellitright.Eventuallytheesandassettledintotheirrightholdasmuchasyoumeansometimes.AndthankstoMrsWhite，IhadnoworryaboutwritingwhatImeantevenifIcouldntquitespellitout.Becauselifeisnt“Pretty”Its“Beautiful”15Theunderlinedword“This”inthesecondparagraphreferstothefactthat.AIalwaysmademistakesinmyspellingBMrsWhiteoftenmadewrongcorrectionsCMrsWhitesattitudetowardsmymistakeswasspecialDmotherwantedtoknowhowtoimprovemyspellings答案C解析代詞指代題。由上文可知，即使作者在寫(xiě)作中出現(xiàn)了很多錯(cuò)誤，懷特老師從不給予糾正，而是給顆星星或批閱“Good”，正是老師有這種態(tài)度引起了母親的擔(dān)心。16FromwhatMrsWhitesaidwecaninferthat.AgrammarandspellingshouldbepaidmoreattentiontoBchildrendonthavethepatienceinspellingwordsCchildrensinterestoflearningwordsisveryimportantDredcorrectionsareusedtodrawchildrensattention答案C解析推理判斷題。由文章第三段懷特老師不想通過(guò)批改孩子們的作文而使他們喪失了對(duì)文字的熱情可知，孩子們學(xué)習(xí)文字的興趣是十分重要的。17Thewritermayprobablythinkhis/herhighschoolteacher.AtaughtinthesamewayasMrsWhitehaddoneBwasnotsatisfiedwithhis/hermistakesmadeinspellingCshouldtellhim/herhowtoimprovewordsspellingDpaidmuchattentiontoteachstudentstouseproperwords答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第四、五句可知，作者的高中老師因?yàn)樗?她總犯拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤而很惱火，甚至告訴作者在想使用華麗的詞匯時(shí)至少先把單詞拼寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)確。.語(yǔ)法填空IfeltupsetwhenI18.wastold(tell) thatIwouldhavetoleavethecompany.Inordertofind19.anewjobtosupportthefamily，Ireadalmostallthenewspapers20.andsetdownalmostallthetelephonenumbersinads21.inmynotebookandtriedtocallalmostallthecompaniesthatneedednewclerks.NotuntilI22.found(find) ajobinasmalltownnearTownsvilledidIcalmdown.Mynewboss，Mr.Brown，wasoneofmyschoolmates23.who/that/whomIwasgettingalongwellwithatschool.Bothofuswere24.excited(excite) toseeeachotherandwespentthewholeafternoon25.talking(talk) aboutthingsandpersons26.thatwerememberedatschool.Heaskedmetogivehimsomeadviceonhowtoenlargehispresentbusinessandhewas27.entirely(entire) happyaboutmyadvice.短文改錯(cuò)WhenIaminJuniorOne，Ididntlikemymathsteacherforherbadtemper.Iwasalsotiredofherteachingmethods，theywerealwaysslowandboring.So，myattitudetowardsherbegantochangeoneafterno