unit1英語句子成分.ppt

,1、會學(xué) 1）制定適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)計劃（學(xué)期計劃、月計劃、 周計劃和日計劃）。 2）勤動腦，多思考，找到適合自己的高效學(xué)習(xí)方法。 3）合理分配學(xué)習(xí)和休息時間。 2、會合作 學(xué)習(xí)過程中，同學(xué)之間要多交流彼此的學(xué)習(xí)方法、 學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容、心得感受等，學(xué)會互幫互助。 3、會自我調(diào)節(jié) 面對壓力、困難、不順心的事情、與專升本無關(guān)的 事，不慌亂、不氣餒，能迅速調(diào)整心情順利學(xué)習(xí)。 4、堅持到底 不到專升本考試結(jié)束，絕不能放棄學(xué)習(xí)。中途 放棄一定失敗，堅持到底才能成功！,學(xué)習(xí)英語的注意事項,1、主動掌握英語詞匯。 任務(wù)：1）本學(xué)期結(jié)束時，能識記3500個基礎(chǔ)詞匯中的 90%（約2800個詞匯）；2011年3月前掌握全 部基礎(chǔ)詞匯。 2）2011年3月起至專升本考試，背誦大學(xué)英語四 級詞匯，詞匯量約為5000（3500+1500）。 方法：從單詞手冊的第一個詞開始，每個詞背35遍， 集中精力識記詞的拼寫、音標(biāo)、詞性、詞義；每天 背120詞左右，30天背完所有單詞和短語；背誦過 程中，標(biāo)記出所有已經(jīng)掌握的詞匯，到此，第一輪 結(jié)束，之后按先前方法開始第二輪背誦、第三輪背 誦直至2011年12月專升本考試開始。,2、主動訓(xùn)練英語聽力。 任務(wù)：1）截止本學(xué)期期末，將新概念英語第二冊第一、 二、三單元的每篇課文聽得滾瓜爛熟。 2）每天至少進行半個小時的聽力訓(xùn)練。 方法：1）最初階段，先閱讀聽力資料，解決所有生詞 后再一遍遍聽音頻資料，直至聽清所有詞句。 2）跟著音頻作聽寫練習(xí)，一句一暫停。,3、主動閱讀英語文章。 任務(wù)：三四百字長度的文章，每周閱讀二至三篇。 方法：閱讀中英文對照的文章，解決文中的生詞和 短語，摘抄好句和難理解的句子，進行中英 文翻譯練習(xí)。 4、認(rèn)真聽講，主動求教老師和同學(xué)。 5、盡最大努力完成各項學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)，不可知難而退。,Unit 1 英語句子成分,英語句子的組成部分,包括主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語、表語、同位語八種。,一、主語,主語是句子敘述的主體，可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞和主語從句等來承擔(dān)。 1、名詞擔(dān)任主語 A mooncake is a delicious, round cake. The first truck is carrying a few baskets. The temperature will stay above zero. The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. China does not want to copy the USAs example.,2、代詞擔(dān)任主語 Its a young forest. I dont know if it will grow. Thats a bit expensive. Youd better buy a new pair. They want to learn English. 3、數(shù)詞擔(dān)任主語 One and two is three. One is not enough for me. I want one more. One of them is English. Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck. Two will be enough.,4、不定式擔(dān)任主語 （常以 Its adj. to do sth. 形式出現(xiàn)） To give is better than to receive. Its glad to see you again. It was difficult to see. But its good to swim in summer. 5、 動名詞作主語 Swimming is a good sport. Playing with fire is dangerous. 6、從句作主語（主語從句） What he said at the meeting is very important. When we will hold the sports meeting is not decided. That the earth goes around the sun is a truth.,二、謂語,謂語說明主語所發(fā)出的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語由動詞來承擔(dān)。依據(jù)其在句中繁簡程度可把謂語分為簡單謂語和復(fù)合謂語兩類。 1、簡單謂語 不論何種時態(tài)，語態(tài)，語氣，凡由一個動詞（或動詞詞組）構(gòu)成的謂語都是簡單謂語。例如： I like walking.(一般現(xiàn)在時主動語態(tài)) I made your birthday cake last night. (一般過去時主動語態(tài)) It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)),2、復(fù)合謂語 可分為兩種情況： 第一種是由情態(tài)動詞、助動詞+不帶to的動詞不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語。 I can speak English. What does this word mean? I wont do it again. Ill go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao. Youd better catch a bus.,第二種是由連系動詞+表語構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語。 You look the same. We are all here. The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer. Keep quite and listen to me. He looked worried. We have to be up early in the morning. Is Bill in? School is over. Lets go home. My pen is in my bag. I feel terrible. He seemed rather tired last night. 注：連系動詞和表語在意思上緊密聯(lián)系，不宜分割。,主語和謂語是英語句子的兩大成分，除少數(shù)句子（如祈使句和感嘆句等）外，一句話必須同時具有主語和謂語所表達(dá)的意思才能完整。主語是針對謂語而言的，是一句話的主題，謂語用來說明主語的情況，為主語提供信息。例如：They are working.主語是they(他們)，那么他們在做什么呢？看來沒有謂語are working 是不行的。在正常情況下，英語的主語和謂語的位置與漢語一致，也就是說主語在前，謂語緊跟其后。,三、賓語,賓語是動作的對象或承受者，常位于及物動詞或介詞后面。賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞、賓語從句等來擔(dān)任。（注：在英語中，一些形容詞與定冠詞the連用，在句子中起到連詞的作用，這種現(xiàn)象叫做名詞化的形容詞。） I saw a cat in the tree. There are a lot of cows on the farm. He told us a story. How many do you want? - I want two. The new is going to replace the old. 新事物將取代舊事物。 They sent the injured to hospital. 他們把傷員送到醫(yī)院。 I want to go shopping. They asked to see my passport. 他們要求看我的護照。 We like playing basketball. I enjoy working with you. 我和你們一道工作很愉快。 He said he could be here. Did you write down what he said? 你把他的話記下了沒有？,有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語,其中一個賓語多指人,另一個賓語指物,指人的賓語叫做間接賓語,指物的賓語叫做直接賓語,可以帶兩個賓語的動詞有 bring, give, show, send, pass, tell等。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面,如果強調(diào)直接賓語可把直接賓語放在間接賓語的前面, 但間接賓語前須加“to“或“for“。 My father bought me a book. (My father bought a book for me) Give the rubber to me. (Give me the rubber.) Please give the letter to XiaoLi.,有些及物動詞除跟一個賓語外，還需要加上賓語補足語,否則意思不完整,它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語,復(fù)合賓語中賓語和后面的賓語補足語有一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這也是判斷是兩個賓語還是復(fù)合賓語的依據(jù),賓語可以由名詞或起名詞作用的詞擔(dān)任。 We all call him LaoWang. 我們都叫他老王。 Please color it red. 請給它涂上紅顏色。 We found the little girl listening to music. 我們在山上找到了小女孩。,四、定語,用于修飾限定名詞和代詞的性質(zhì)、特征、范圍等情況的詞叫做定語。定語主要由形容詞擔(dān)任，此外還有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式（短語）、分詞、定語從句都可以作定語。如果定語是單個詞，定語放在被修飾詞的前面；如果是短語或句子，定語放在被修飾詞的后面。 1、形容詞作定語 The little boy needs a blue pen. Tom is a handsome boy. There is a good boy. 2、數(shù)詞作定語 數(shù)詞作定語相當(dāng)于形容詞： Two boys need two pens. The four boys are students.,3、代詞或名詞所有格作定語： His son needs Toms pen. My name is Tom. 4、介詞短語作定語 The student near the window is reading a book. The boy in blue is Tom. There are two boys of 9,and three of 10. 有兩個9歲的，三個10歲的男孩。 5、名詞作定語 The boy needs a ball pen. 男孩需要一支圓珠筆。 There is only one ball pen in the pencil box. The football match is very exciting.,6、副詞作定語 The bike there needs repairing. The best boy here is Tom. 這里最棒的男孩是Tom。 7、不定式作定語 The boy to write this letter is Tom. 將要寫這封信的男孩是湯姆。 There is nothing to do today. 今天沒有事要做。 8、分詞（短語）作定語 The smiling boy comes from Linyi normal school. The pen bought by her is made in China.,9、定語從句 The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 那個在閱讀的男孩需要你昨天買的鋼筆。 The boy you will know is Tom. There are five boys who will play the game. 參加游戲的男孩有五個。,五、狀語,狀語說明動作發(fā)生的地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等的詞叫狀語。 狀語一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來擔(dān)當(dāng)。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等。 1、副詞作狀語 He speaks English very well. 他英語說得非常好. We always go to the park on Sundays. 2、不定式作狀語。 I come specially to see you.我專門來看你. To improve their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.,3、介詞短語作狀語 Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. The boy was praised for his bravery. They went to Jinan. 4、從句作狀語（狀語從句） When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 5、分詞作狀語 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful. The two girls came into the classroom, laughing and talking. 6、名詞作狀語 We will go to camp tomorrow. We must get together again some day.,六、補語,英語中，補語的作用對象是主語和賓語，補語是起補充說明作用的成份。最常見的是賓語補足語，還有主語補足語。名詞、形容詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都可以在句子中作補語。 1、賓語的補語 1）名詞作賓補 At the meeting we elected him monitor. I think your brother a clever boy. 2）形容詞作賓補 What you said made Xiao Wang angry. I found the classroom empty,3）不定式(to do) 作賓補 Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。 We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。 We made him copy the sentence. I felt my hands tremble. 4）現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補 We hear him singing in the hall. I found him lying in bed, sleeping. 5）過去分詞作賓補 He saw his face reflected in the water. I heard the song sung in the next room.,2、主語的補語 He is made to copy the sentence. The dog is called Karl. He was found the right man for the job. The door was painted white. He is often heard reading English. The classroom is always kept clean every