《英語動詞講解》PPT課件.ppt

中考語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí),之動詞的分類,一、中考對動詞的知識要求：,中考對動詞的考查有： 1、掌握動詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則； 2、掌握系動詞be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法； 3、掌握助動詞be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法； 4.掌握情態(tài)動詞can, must, need, may等基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)及主要用法；,實(shí)義動詞,系動詞,助動詞,情態(tài)動詞,（一）實(shí)義動詞,_ 本身意義不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意思完整。 I like the book. 2. _自身意思完整，無需接賓語。 Birds can fly.,及物動詞,不及物動詞,實(shí)義動詞主要 考察詞義辨析,1動詞+賓語 I like English very much. 2動詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ) We call the bird Polly (n.). 加名詞作賓補(bǔ)的詞有 choose, consider, elect, make, name I would like you to come to my hometomorrow.,1）動詞+賓語+不定式(to do) （賓補(bǔ)） advise allow cause enable encourage find forbid force wish invite order permit persuade remind tell warn expect wish,2）動詞+賓語+省略to 的不定式（賓補(bǔ)）,一些動詞要掌握，have, let和make, 此三動詞是使役，“注意”“觀察”“聽到”see，還有feel和watch，使用它們要仔細(xì)，后接“賓補(bǔ)”略去“to”，此點(diǎn)千萬要牢記 一感feel, 二聽hear, listen to, 三讓have, let, make, 四看see, look at, observe, watch,3）動詞+adj (做補(bǔ)語),colour, keep, find,get,leave,make,paint,cut Please colour it red. I find it interesting.,4）動詞加現(xiàn)在分詞做補(bǔ)語,get / leave / keep / set / catch / have sb. doing; see / find / watch / feel / hear / listen to / discover sb. doing 如:他讓我等了整整一上午 。 He kept me waiting the whole morning.,5）動詞加過去分詞（補(bǔ)語）,過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，常見的詞有 have ,get, make have sth done 我理發(fā)了。 I have had my hair cut. 我讓別人明白了。 I made myself heard. I made myself hear that song.,3.動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語,bring, hand, lend , mail ,offer ,owe ,pass , post ,read, return , send ,sell ,show , take ,teach ,tell , throw ,write,+ sb +sth/ sth to sb,book ,buy, choose cook, draw ,fetch find ,fix ,get make, order ,pick prepare save sing spare steal,+sb sth/ sth for sb,不及物動詞,1.沒有被動形式的詞 happen,occur,rise,lie,die,2.主動表示被動的詞。 動詞+ (well,poorly,easily) sell, wash, burn, cook, cut, drive, dress, play, last, open, write, start, run, read, operate, break, measure, weigh 1.Dry wood burns easily. 2.The cloth washes well.,既作及物又有不及物動詞的詞,他跑的快。 He runs fast. 他經(jīng)營一家工廠。 He runs a factory. study，fly，run, change,二、動詞考察點(diǎn)分項(xiàng)說明：,（一）、掌握動詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、 過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則； 1、動詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成：,2、動詞的過去式及過去分詞的構(gòu)成 規(guī)則動詞的變化： 規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法是相同的。, 不規(guī)則動詞的變化。（見九年級英語下冊不規(guī)則動詞表）,3、動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：,三、掌握系動詞be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法；,常見的連系動詞有：become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall等。它 們后面常接形容詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 Please keep the classroom clean. 請保持教室的干凈。 The bread looks very fresh. 這些面包看上去很新鮮。,狀態(tài)變化系動詞,go,come,turn,grow,fall,get become,四、掌握助動詞be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法；,助動詞是“輔助性”動詞，一般沒有詞義，不能單獨(dú) 作謂語，但可用來幫助構(gòu)成謂語，表示不同的時(shí)態(tài)， 語態(tài)，和數(shù)的變化。 常見的助動詞有： （1）be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) 與現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)合， 構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；或與過去分詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。 Im looking for my pen. 我正在找我的筆。（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)） These cups are made in China. 這些杯子是中國制造的。（被動語態(tài)）,（2）have (has, had, having)與過去分詞結(jié)合，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)。 They have known each other for twenty years. 他們互相認(rèn)識有二十年了。（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)） He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten. 他十歲時(shí)就已經(jīng)為自己建了一個(gè)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。（過去完成時(shí)） （3） 助動詞do (does, did) 后只能跟動詞原形，與not及其他動詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成否定句，或置于主語之前構(gòu)成疑問句。 He does not speak English.他不說英語。 When did he come back? 他什么時(shí)候回來的？,（4）will (would), shall (should)： will能用于一般將來時(shí)的任何人稱后；would是will的過去時(shí)，能用于過去將來時(shí)；兩者后面都接動詞原形。 The plane will arrive in ten minutes. 飛機(jī)十分中后將要到達(dá)。 I was sure we would win.我確信用我們會贏。 shall與should這兩個(gè)助動詞本身沒有詞義，shall只能用于一般將來時(shí)的第一人稱后；should是shall的過 去時(shí)，只能用于過去將來時(shí)的第一人稱后；兩者后面都接動詞原形。 We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我們明天將在校門口見。 I told them that I should do the work alone. 我告訴 他們我將獨(dú)自做那項(xiàng)工作。,（五）掌握情態(tài)動詞can, must, need, may等基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)及主要用法, 情態(tài)動詞在英文中是“輔助性”動詞，用來表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，包括請求、命令、允諾、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、義務(wù)、能力等。情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義，但詞義不完全，不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，且后面只跟動詞原形。 情態(tài)動詞的種類：,In detail,一、連系動詞 (be, look,get) 二、使役、感觀動詞 (let, make,feel 三、主動表被動 (sell, write） 四、只接動名詞做賓語 ( mind, enjoy) 五、只接不定式作賓語 (ask, decide) 六、賓語不同、意義不同 (stop) 七、接動名詞、不定式意義區(qū)別不大 (like) 八、賓語不同、但意義相 同 (need, require) 九、接賓語和賓補(bǔ)、形式不同(allow) 十、接虛擬語氣(suggest) 十一、瞬間非延續(xù)性動詞 (come) 十二、表計(jì)劃未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的動詞(plan) 十三、情感動詞類(excite) 十四、否定前移類(think) 十五、不帶不定式作復(fù)合賓語(wish,hope) 十六、省略替代類(guess),（六）掌握情態(tài)動詞can, must, need, may等基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)及主要用法, 情態(tài)動詞在英文中是“輔助性”動詞，用來表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，包括請求、命令、允諾、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、義務(wù)、能力等。情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義，但詞義不完全，不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，且后面只跟動詞原形。 情態(tài)動詞的種類：,一、連系動詞類,變化類:become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall go bad / hungry / mad / wrong fall (fell-fallen) ill / asleep feel (felt-felt) sick / sleepy 感觀類:look, sound, feel, taste, smell His voice sounds _. A.well B.beautifully C.excellent D.wonderfully,C,顯得類:seem, appear, look It looks It seems that It appears that 狀態(tài)類:keep, stay, remain prove, turn out 1.The weather will_hot for another two weeks. A.last B.remain C.get D.turn 2.The hot weather will _another two days. A.last B.remain C.get D.turn,B,A,The weather turned out (to be)fine. He proved (to be) honest / an honest person. 注：be, become, turn, remain 可帶名詞 He remains a teacher. =He is still a teacher. 1.He became _ teacher. A.a B.the C.an D./,A,D,二、使役、感觀動詞類：,let(不用于被動）, make, have see, look at, watch, notice, observe, hear listen to, feel 1.The boss made them _12 hours a day. A.work B.to work C.worked D.working 2.They were made_12 hours a day. A.work B.to work C.worked D.working,A,B,口訣1： 1)四看二聽一感覺，外加 make, have 和 let” 四看：see / watch / notice / look at/ 二聽：hear / listen to 一感覺：feel,口訣2： 不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)省to的動詞 【速記口訣】一感，二聽，三讓，四看，半幫助 【妙語詮釋】一感：feel； 二聽：hear，listen to； 三讓：make， let，have； 四看：see，notice，watch，observe；半幫助：help,三、主動表被動類：,(well,poorly,easily) sell, wash, burn, cook, cut, drive, dress, play, last, open, write, start, run, read, operate, break, measure, weigh 1.Dry wood burns easily. 2.The cloth washes well.,3.The man always dresses well / poorly. 4.Your composition reads well except for a few spelling mistakes. 5.-Have you got a ticket for the concert? -No, the tickets_well and they _out last week. A.sell;were sold B.sell;sold C.sell;have been sold D.are sell;sold,A,6.Dont get that ink on your white shirt,for it_. A.wont wash out B.doesnt wash away C.isnt washing out D.hasnt washed away 7.They tried to get the car_,but it wont_. A.started;start B.to start;start C.started;started D.to start;to start,A,A,四、只接動名詞做賓語的詞/詞組,mind, risk, avoid, enjoy, miss, keep, suggest, appreciate, practice, delay, finish, dislike, excuse, imagine, consider, forbid, escape admit, advise, allow, put off, give up, be worth, be busy devoteto, look forward to, be used to, lead to, succeed in, spend/waste time (in) have a good/hard time (in) have difficulty /trouble (in) there is no use(in),1.She looked forward every spring to_ the flower-lined garden. A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in 2.I would appreciate_back this afternoon. A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling 3.The day he has looked forward to_ at last. A.coming B.came C.come D.comes,D,C,B,口訣： 喜歡、考慮不可免（enjoy, consider, escape, avoid） 停止，放棄太冒險(xiǎn)（stop, give up , risk） 反對想象莫推延（mind,imagine, delay, put off） 要求完成是期望（require, finish, look forward to.） 建議繼續(xù)勤操練（suggest, go on, practice） 不禁原諒要堅(jiān)持（cant help, excuse , insist on） 繼續(xù)注意使成功（keep on, mind, succeed in）,五、只接不定式作賓語的詞/詞組,decide, expect, hope, wish, order, refuse, promise, pretend, agree, seem, attempt, fail, offer, happen, warn, afford make up ones mind to, be determined to used to, be about to, be able to, have to would like/love to=should like/love to 1.I would love_to the party last night. A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone,A,2.Mr Smith warned her son_after drinking. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive 3.She pretended_me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen,A,A,口訣1： 三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)：hope，wish，want，agree，promise 兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕：demand，ask，refuse 設(shè)法學(xué)會做決定：manage，learn，decide 不要假裝在選擇：pretend，choose 口訣2： “要想干，同意辦，愿意不愿意，決定盡量干?！?a要求，想要，希望(want,wish,hope,expect,intend,mean) b同意(agree,promise) c意愿(care,hate,refuse) d決定，企圖(determine,decide,offer,attempt,try,manage),六、賓語不同、意義不同,1) go on to do / go on doing 2) stop to do / stop doing 3) remember to do / remember doing 4) forget to do / forget doing 5) mean to do / mean doing 6) regret to do / regret doing 7) try to do / try doing 8) cant help (to) do / cant help doing,cant help but do=cant but do =have to do I cant help but tell him the truth. 1.-I usually go there by train. -Why not_by boat for a change? A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going 2.-The light in the office is still on. -Oh,I forgot_. A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off,D,C,口訣： 能接不定式，又能接動名詞，但意思不同的動詞或詞組： forget, go on, mean, remember, stop, try， regret, 巧記， 即“四記力爭不后悔“。四記指(記得/記??；忘記；計(jì)劃/打算；繼續(xù))；力爭指try；不后悔指 “stop regretting“-stop 與regret。,七、接動名詞、不定式意義區(qū)別不大,begin , start, continue, like, love, hate prefer It began raining. It is beginning to rain. I prefer staying home to going out. I prefer to stay home rather than go out.,Tired as he was,he continued to work. =Though he was very tired,he continued working. He likes playing football,but he doesnt like to play football today.,八、賓語不同、但 意義相同,need, require, want, deserve The room requires to be cleaned. =The room requires cleaning. 1.This sentence needs_. A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved,C,2.The baby needs_. A.looked after B.looking after C.look after D.to look after,B,九、接賓語和賓補(bǔ)、形式不同,allow, permit, forbid, advise, admit consider We forbid smoking here. We forbid anybody to smoke here. You are forbidden to smoke here.,口訣： advise,forbid,understand,suppose,consider,allow,permit. 連接首字母即為a fus cap（阿福的帽子） 阿福的帽子，代表七動詞，賓補(bǔ)不定式，賓語動名詞,十、接虛擬語氣的詞,1)insist 2)order, command 4)advise, suggest, propose , recommend 4)demand, ask, require, request 1.He ordered that we (should)leave at once. 2.His order that we (should) leave at once was right.,3.He insisted that his brother_ there. A.go B.went C.going D.to go 4.He insisted that he_ nothing wrong and _ set free. A.do;be B.had done;was C.had done;be D.did; was 5.His voice suggested that he_angry. A.is B.be C.was D.were 6.He suggested that the boy _ sent to hospital at once. A.was B.be C.is D.were,A,C,C,B,“堅(jiān)持說；堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為”，接that從句，用陳述語氣即是陳述已知或發(fā)生過的事,口訣1： 一堅(jiān)持，二命令，三建議，四要求 其賓語從句用“should+動詞原形”， should既可以省略，should也可以保留。 一堅(jiān)持，即insist；二命令，即order, command；三建議，即suggest, propose, advise； 四要求，即ask, demand, require, request。,口訣2： “i drop caps” 在某些表示請求、命令、建議等動詞后面的賓語從句中， 謂語動詞要用動詞原形或should+動詞原形。 iinsist, ddemand, rrequest/require/recommend, oorder, ppropose, ccommand, aadvise, pprefer, ssuggest.,十一、瞬間非延續(xù)性動詞,go, come, leave, start, return, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open,close, die, become, break, join, kill, marry, graduate,buy marry-be married seat-be seated hide-be hidden engage-be engaged die-be dead begin-be on join-be in borrow-keep come-be/stay leave-be away buy-have=have got,1.He died ten years ago,thats to say,he has _ for ten years. A.been died B.been dead C.died D.been dying 2.When Jack arrived he learned Mary _for almost an hour. A.had gone B.had set off C.had left D.had been away,B,D,He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. The boy is so sick that he is dying fast. The bus is coming. The train is leaving.,十二、表計(jì)劃未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的動詞,intend, mean ,hope, plan, expect, think, want, suppose, promise I had hoped to come here,but I had an unexpected visitor.,十三 、情感動詞類,表示人的內(nèi)在感受的動詞 encourage, excite, inspire, interest, amaze, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, astonish, shock, disappoint, discourage, puzzle, worry, tire, touch, relax,1.The news sounds _.(encourage) 2.The play was so _ that nearly everybody was _ to tears.(move) 3.Looking at her paper, she nodded with a_ smile on her face.(satisfy) 4.He looked at me with a_look. (puzzle),encouraging,moving,satisfied,moved,puzzled,十四 、否定前移類,believe, imagine, suppose, think, feel , guess 1.I dont think he can finish the work,_? A.cant he B.can he C.do I D.dont I 2.We dont believe she knows it,_? A.does she B.doesnt she C.do we D.dont we 3.You dont think