2018年高三英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)專題1.5NelsonMandela_amodernhero詞匯短語含解析.docx

專題1.5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero【學(xué)以致用】一、重點(diǎn)詞匯細(xì)解1.quality n.質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)，特征【教材原句】And what qualities does a great person have?一個(gè)偉人應(yīng)該具有哪些品質(zhì)？【歸納拓展】be of good/high quality質(zhì)量好的be of poor quality 質(zhì)量差的in quality在質(zhì)量方 He has all the qualities of a successful businessman.他具備了一個(gè)成功商人應(yīng)具有的所有品質(zhì)。即學(xué)即練（1）He has many good (quality), but his best quality is his kindness.他有許多良好的品質(zhì)，而最好的品質(zhì)是為人善良。（2）As a matter of fact, air in many cities is .事實(shí)上，許多地區(qū)的空氣質(zhì)量很差。【答案】（1）qualities （2）of poor quality （3）We all agree that the products of this factory are of better _.AqualityBquantityCprincipalDidentity 2.devote vt. 獻(xiàn)身；專心于【教材原句】A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.偉人就是將他/她的一生致力于幫助別人的人?！練w納拓展】devoted.to (介詞).把奉獻(xiàn)給；把專注于devote oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于；獻(xiàn)身于devote ones life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth. 把某人的一生/時(shí)間/金錢/精力奉獻(xiàn)devoted adj. 深愛的；忠誠(chéng)的be devote to (doing) sth. 專心于.；致力于.；奉獻(xiàn)于.；熱衷于.devotion n. 關(guān)愛；奉 Im devoting all my time and energy to caring for my son right now.目前我把所有的時(shí)間和精力都放在照顧兒子上。Her son，to whom she is so devoted，went abroad last year，leaving her alone in the small village.她非常疼愛的兒子去年去了國(guó)外，留下她一個(gè)人在小村子里。His devotion to his wife and family is touching.他對(duì)妻子和家人的關(guān)愛感人至深。即學(xué)即練（1）這些藝術(shù)家把終生獻(xiàn)給了藝術(shù)，為藝術(shù)事業(yè)作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。These artists _ _ _ _ _art, and made great contributions to the artistic field.（2）I dont think we should devote any more time to (persuade) such a stubborn man to change his mind.我認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)該再花時(shí)間來說服這么頑固的一個(gè)人改變主意。 3. mean adj.吝嗇的；自私的；卑鄙的；刻薄的【教材原句】The rich boss who is usually mean to his workers is mean with money.那位富有的老板通常對(duì)他的工人很刻薄，他對(duì)錢非常吝嗇?！練w納拓展】be mean with sth.對(duì)某物吝嗇be mean to sb. 對(duì)某人刻薄mean vt. 意指，意味著，意思是mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味著做某事 In my opinion，that is a mean thing to do.依我看來，那是一件很卑鄙的事情。即學(xué)即練（1）Im terribly sorry，but I didnt mean (upset) your plan.真對(duì)不起，但我并非有意打亂你的計(jì)劃。（2）Bob is determined to get a seat for the concert even though it means (stand) in line all night for the ticket.鮑勃決心要買到音樂會(huì)的票，即使那意味著整夜站著排隊(duì)。 4. found vt.建立；建設(shè)【教材原句】He founded the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years fighting.經(jīng)過多年的斗爭(zhēng)之后，他在1911年建立了中國(guó)第一個(gè)共和國(guó)?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】【語境助記】After the new country was founded，the poor man finally found his family.在新的國(guó)家建立后，這位可憐的人終于找到了他的家人。即學(xué)即練（1）Tsinghua University， (found) in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.建立于1911年的清華大學(xué)是成就大量杰出人物的搖籃。（2）Weve a great new restaurant near the office.我們?cè)谵k公處附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一家挺好的新餐館?！敬鸢浮浚?）founded （2）found5. vote vt.& vi.投票；選舉n投票；票【教材原句】Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.當(dāng)時(shí)黑人沒有選舉權(quán)，他們無權(quán)選擇他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人?！練w納拓展】vote for投票支持vote against 投票反對(duì)vote on 投票表決vote to do sth. 表決做某 take/have a vote on 對(duì).進(jìn)行表決Did you vote for or against her?你投了她的贊成票還是反對(duì)票？We will listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.我們將先聽聽雙方的論點(diǎn)，然后再表決。 即學(xué)即練（1）我將投票選吉姆，因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為他比別人好。I shall _ _Jim, because I think he is better than others.（2）因?yàn)樗麄儾煌鈱?duì)方的意見，他們決定投票決定這件事。As they couldnt agree with each other, they decided to _ _ the issue.（3）我們家人表決同意向律師求助。Our family _ _ turn to the lawyer for help.6. attack vt.& n進(jìn)攻；攻擊；抨擊；(疾病等的)侵害【教材原句】We chose to attack the laws.我們選擇向法律進(jìn)攻。【歸納拓展】make an attack on/upon 對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)攻擊be/come under attack 遭到襲擊；遭到抨擊a heart attack 心臟病突發(fā)attack sb. 攻擊/抨擊某人be attacked with 患 What will you do if you are under attack？Would you like to make an attack on those who attack you？你受到襲擊時(shí)會(huì)怎么做呢？你會(huì)向襲擊你的人發(fā)起攻擊嗎？即學(xué)即練（1）She is very sad because her mother (attack) with cancer.她很傷心，因?yàn)樗赣H得了癌癥。（2）The old man suffered (attack) yesterday.這位老人昨天心臟病發(fā)作了。（3）The judge said that it was not legal (attack) other people with violence.法官說用暴力攻擊別人是不合法的。 7.equal v等于；抵得上adj.相等的；勝任的n同等的人；相等物【教材原句】But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是，我樂于幫忙，因?yàn)槲抑?，這是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)我們黑人和白人平等的夢(mèng)想。【歸納拓展】be equal to與相等；能勝任；能應(yīng)付 be equal with與相等 沒有能比得上的equal sb.in 在方面比得上某人equally adv. 同樣地，平等地 Im sure Toms quite equal to the task.我認(rèn)為湯姆完全有能力承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。Im not sure he is equal to the job.我不確定他是否能勝任這份工作。 即學(xué)即練（1）I dont think he is equal_this kind of work，so I cant hire him.Ain doing Bdoing Cto do Dto doing（2）His paintings are in the western world.他的畫在西方世界首屈一指。（3）No one can equal her dancing.論跳舞，沒有人能比得上她?！敬鸢浮浚?）without equal（3）in8. escape vt.& vi.逃避；逃脫；避免；逃走；泄露n.逃走；逃脫；逃避；泄露【教材原句】It was a prison from which no one escaped.那是個(gè)無人逃走過的監(jiān)獄。【歸納拓展】escape fromn. 從中逃脫escape doing sth./sth. 逃避(做)某事have a narrow escape九死一生；幸免于 She managed to escape from the burning car.她設(shè)法從燃燒的汽車?yán)锾恿顺鰜?。He was lucky to escape punishment/being punished.他逃脫懲罰真是幸運(yùn)。He had a narrow escape.他九死一生?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】escape后面接非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不能用不定式。即學(xué)即練（1）Mike often attempts to escape_whenever he breaks traffic regulations.Ahaving been fined Bto have been fined Cto be fined Dbeing fined（2）No one can escape (punish) if he breaks law.任何違法的人都逃脫不了懲罰。（3）As far as I know，he .據(jù)我所知，他九死一生?！敬鸢浮浚?）punishment/being punished （3）had a narrow escape9.reward n.& v.報(bào)答；報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)賞【教材原句】They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.他們說來自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是對(duì)我一生為黑人的平等權(quán)利而奮斗的回報(bào)?！練w納拓展】give/offer a reward to sb. for doing sth.reward sb. with.for doing sth. 為某事而給某人報(bào)酬in reward for 因?yàn)榈玫姜?jiǎng)賞in reward 作為回報(bào)/報(bào)答as a reward for 作為對(duì)某事的報(bào)酬/獎(jiǎng)賞 You deserve a reward for being so helpful.你幫了這么大的忙，理應(yīng)受到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。She got nothing in reward for her kindness.她的好心沒有得到一點(diǎn)回報(bào)。即學(xué)即練（1）Toms father made a promise that he would give him a(n)_if he passed the college entrance examination.Aaward Bprize Creward Dprofit（2） , I lent him a hand when he was in trouble.作為報(bào)答，當(dāng)他陷入困境時(shí)，我?guī)土怂话?。?）She got nothing her kindness.她的好心沒有得到一點(diǎn)回報(bào)。（4）She wanted to reward the cleaners 1,000 for their efforts.她想對(duì)清潔工所做出的努力獎(jiǎng)賞1 000英鎊。【答案】（2）In reward （3）in reward for （4）with10. sentence vt.判決；宣判 n.判刑【教材原句】Nelson Mandela was sentenced to five years hard labour for encouraging violence against antiblack laws.納爾遜曼德拉因鼓勵(lì)使用暴力對(duì)抗反黑人的法律而被判處五年勞教?！練w納拓展】be sentenced to被判處(徒刑)sentence sb.to death 判某人死刑sentence sb.to five years imprisonmentsentence sb.to five years in prison判某人五年監(jiān)禁 serve ones/a sentence 服刑 life/death sentence 無期徒刑/死刑The prisoner has been sentenced to death for his bad behavior.由于他的惡劣行為，囚犯被判處死刑。即學(xué)即練（1）The prisoner (sentence) pay a fine of $5,000.這名犯人被判處5 000美元的罰款。（2）The judge (sentence) prison for life.法官判這個(gè)人終身監(jiān)禁。【答案】（1）was sentenced to （2）sentenced the man to二、核心短語回顧1. out of work失業(yè)【教材原句】Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there，and I worried about whether I would become out of work. 可悲的是，我沒有身份證，因?yàn)槲也皇窃谀抢锍錾?，因而我?dān)心會(huì)失業(yè)?！練w納拓展】out of a jobout of work失業(yè)(表示狀態(tài))lose ones job失去工作；失業(yè)(表示動(dòng)作 Since the factory was shut down，they have been out of work at home.自從工廠倒閉以后，他們一直失業(yè)在家。即學(xué)即練（1）After he , he had to support his family by borrowing money from others.他失業(yè)之后，不得不靠從別人那里借錢養(yǎng)家。（2）His parents are leading a simple life, for they for a year.他的父母生活很簡(jiǎn)樸，因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)失業(yè)一年了。 2. 【教材原句】As a matter of fact，I do not like violence.but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.事實(shí)上，我并不喜歡暴力但是在1963年的時(shí)候，我?guī)椭Я艘恍┱髽?。?）as a matter of fact事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上【歸納拓展】 實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上 As a matter of fact，I dont like to be praised before the public. 事實(shí)上，我不喜歡在公眾面前受表揚(yáng)。即學(xué)即練（1） , it was useless for him to explain in that situation.事實(shí)上，他在那種情況下解釋是無用的。（2）I thought the work would be difficult. , its very easy.我原以為這項(xiàng)工作會(huì)很難，事實(shí)上卻很容易?！敬鸢浮浚?）As a matter of fact/Actually（2）As a matter of fact/In fact（2）blow up 炸毀，使炸得粉碎；給.充氣；打氣；大發(fā)雷霆【歸納拓展】 blow out 吹滅；爆裂 blow away 吹走；驅(qū)散即學(xué)即練 A police officer was killed when his car .一名警官在其汽車爆炸時(shí)遇難。 3. in trouble在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等處境中【教材原句】Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.當(dāng)納爾遜曼德拉處于困境時(shí)，伊萊亞斯去看望了他。ask for trouble 自找麻煩；自尋煩惱get into trouble 陷入困境make trouble 惹是生非；制造麻煩have trouble/difficulty (in) doing/with sth. 做某事有困難take the trouble to do sth. 不辭辛勞地做某 即學(xué)即練（1）Great men are always willing to help people .偉大的人總是樂意幫助處于困境中的人們。（2）Do you have any trouble in (finish) the work on time?你按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作有困難嗎？（3）The soldiers took the trouble (rescue) the workers trapped in the mine.士兵們不辭辛勞地營(yíng)救被困在礦井中的工人?！敬鸢浮浚?）in trouble（2）finishing（3）to rescue4.turn to求助于；翻到（書的某頁）；查閱；轉(zhuǎn)向【教材原句】Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?為什么曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？【歸納拓展】turn down關(guān)小，拒絕turn in 上交；上繳turn on 打開(水、煤氣、電燈等)turn off 關(guān)上(水、煤氣、電燈等)turn out 結(jié)果是，證明是，生產(chǎn)出turn up 調(diào)大；出，露面turn around/round 轉(zhuǎn)身turn over 翻身；翻轉(zhuǎn)；換頻道，轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái) 即學(xué)即練（1）Shes having a lot of trouble with the new computer，but she doesnt know whom to _.Aturn toBlook for Cdeal with Dtalk about（2）What are you reading，Tom?Im not really reading，just _ the pages.Aturning off Bturning around Cturning over Dturning up【解析】選C。本題考查turn構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語。第二句句意：我沒有真正看書，只是在翻書。turn over“翻身；翻過(一頁書)”，符合句意。5. lose heart喪失勇氣或信心【教材原句】The scientist from whom I learned a lot never lost heart when he was in trouble.那位科學(xué)家遇到麻煩時(shí)從不灰心，我從他身上學(xué)到很多東西?！練w納拓展】learn.by heart 記??；背誦put ones hear into sth. 對(duì)全力以赴，一心一意lose ones heart to 傾心于；愛上break ones heart使某人很傷心heart and soul全心全意地 Dont lose heart, all will turn out well. 不要灰心，一切都會(huì)好起來。即學(xué)即練（1）Although he was attacked with heart disease, the man did not .雖然患了心臟病，但這個(gè)人沒有失去信心。（2） and you will succeed in time.專心于工作，總有一天你會(huì)成功的。（3）Our Party was founded in 1921, since when she has been serving the people .我黨建立于1921年，自從那時(shí)起，她就全心全意為人民服務(wù)。 6. come to power當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺(tái)【教材原句】I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.在曼德拉和非洲人民大會(huì)黨于1994年掌權(quán)之前，我有20年都不工作了?！練w納拓展】be in power 執(zhí)政；當(dāng)權(quán)（表示狀態(tài)） lose power 下臺(tái)；失去權(quán)力beyond ones power力所不能及的within ones power 力所能及的do all/everything in ones power to do sth. 竭盡所能做某事 It was the second time that Obama had come to power.這是奧巴馬第二次上臺(tái)執(zhí)政。即學(xué)即練