大學綜合英語3unit4.ppt

7/9/2019,However friendly the universe may be, it has left the conditions of human existence precariously balanced.,no matter how,means unsteadily,No matter how friendly the universe becomes, it has made the condition of human existence get more and more unbalanced.,7/9/2019, however,1.adv.(副詞) 不管到什么程度,無論如何 whatever degree 然而,可是,不過 in spite of this 2.conj.(連詞) 不管怎樣 in whatever way,1.However sly a fox may be, it is no match for a good hunter . You should always strive to achieve more, however well you have done before. However we adopt healthcare reform, it isnt going to save major amounts of money.,狐貍再狡猾也架不住好獵手。,無論之前取得何等輝煌的成就，都應該不斷努力進取。,不管我們采取何種醫(yī)療改革措施，都省不下太多錢。,For example:,7/9/2019,用作副詞 (1) 表示讓步：意為“無論如何”“不管怎樣”，用來修飾形容詞或副詞，其詞序為：however+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語。這樣用的however其實具有連詞的功能，用以引導讓步狀語從句。 eg. Phone me when you arrive, however late it is. 你到達之后就給我打電話，不論多么晚也要打。 However much he eats, he never gets fat. 不管他吃多少，他永遠吃不胖。 However cold it is, he always goes swimming. 不管天有多冷，他都去游泳。 You wont move the stone, however strong you are. 不管你力氣有多大，也休想搬動那塊石頭。 However far it is, l intend to drive there tonight 不管有多遠，我今晚也要開車到那兒去。,7/9/2019,用于此用法時，請注意以下幾點： 1.這樣用的 however 與 no matter how 大致同義。如： People always want more, however no matter how rich they are. 人總是富了還想再富。 However No matter how hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 無論我多么努力地工作，她從來沒滿意過。 2.有時從句謂語可用情態(tài)動詞。如： Dont laugh, however funny it may be. 無論多么有趣也不要笑。 Ill try to finish it in time, however hard it may be. 無論多么難，我也要按時完成。 3.“however形容詞或副詞主語謂語”有時可以有所省略。 如： I refuse, however favorable the conditions. 不管條件如何有利，我都不干。(conditions后省去了are) Id rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 無論房間多么小，我寧愿一個人住一間，而不愿意與別人合住一個房間。 A grammar rule, however true (it is), is useless unless it can be understood. 一條語法規(guī)則，不管如何正確，除非能懂，否則毫無用處。 (2) 表示轉(zhuǎn)折：尤其用于談及一個既成事實時，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，其意為“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗號與句子其他成分隔開。如： My father, however, did not agree. 但是，我父親不同意。 My room is small; however, its comfortable. 我的房間很小，但卻很舒服。 He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他說情況如此，可是他錯了。,7/9/2019,注：however不能像 but(但是)那樣直接連接兩個句子(注意正句中的標點符號)。如： 我們都已盡了最大的努力，不過我們還是輸了。 誤：We all tried our best, however we lost the game. 正：We all tried our best, but we lost the game. 正：We all tried our best; however, we lost the game. 正：We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. (3) 表示驚奇或強調(diào)：相當于how ever的用法，其意為“究竟怎樣，到底以什么方式”。 如： However did you get here without a car? 沒有汽車你究竟是怎樣來的呢? 2. 用作連詞 用作連詞，引導方式狀語從句，表示“無論以何種方式”“不管怎樣”。 如： However it may be, I shall take your word. 無論如何，我將會相信你的話。 However I approached the problem, I couldnt find a solution. 這一問題我不管怎樣都無法解決。 However you travel, itll take you at least two days. 無論你怎么個走法，至少要兩天時間。 The painting looks wrong however you look at it. 這張畫不論怎么看都顯得不對勁。,7/9/2019,Wh-+ever與no matter +wh-的意思相同，即：無論,不管.; Eg.whoever,whatever,whichever,whomever,wherever; 2.wh-+ever的語法功能：可引導主語，賓語和狀語從句；從句用陳述語序；引導狀語從句時要用一般時表將來； Whoever leaves the room ought to turn off the light.(whoever=anyone who) It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.(whatever=anything that) Whomever you marry, make sure she can cook. (做讓步狀語，whomever=no matter whom) However late he is, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. Whenever we found an unknown plant,we have to describe it in our notebooks.(做 時間狀語,whenever=no matter when),7/9/2019,No matter+wh-的語法功能:no matter+wh-是連接詞,只能引導讓步狀語從句,從句置于主句前后均可. Eg .1.No mattr what he is wearing, Tod, just show him the cheapest. 2.No matter how far away you are, you are always in our thoughts. 3.No matter where you go, you will find Coca-Cola. 注意:no matter+wh-有時 也可用于句尾而沒有動詞跟在后面. Eg. I will always help you, no matter what (happens).,7/9/2019,Wh-+ever與no matter+ wh-的轉(zhuǎn)換: 兩者的意思相同,且都可引導讓步狀語從句,因此, 在引導讓步狀語從句時,兩者可互換. Eg: whatever(=no matter what) you say, I wont believe you. You can take it with you wherever(=no matter where) you go.,注意:當wh-+ever引導主語從句, 賓語從句時,不可與no matter +wh-互換,7/9/2019, precariously,1.dangerously, insecurely 危險地, 不安全地; 2.Unsteadily 不穩(wěn)固地;,1.The hotel was perched precariously on a steep hillside . 2. He balanced precariously on the narrow window-ledge . 3. The economy is precariously close to recession . 4.They live precariously on the income from a few small investment .,旅店立在陡峭的山坡上狀似搖搖欲墜 .,他在狹窄的窗臺上很難保持平衡。,經(jīng)濟瀕于衰退的邊緣。,他們依靠些微投資中的收入,過著朝不保夕的生活。,Example :,7/9/2019,left the condition of human existence precariously balanced., leave sth done/adj/prep.phrase 讓某事處于的狀態(tài);,Eg.1. Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions unanswered. 2.His illness has left him weak. 3.I was left with a ray of hope.,Example :,7/9/2019,leave sb to do sth 讓某人做某事 Eg . W