中考英語語法講解課件代詞.ppt

中考英語語法,代詞,英語的2/3,Between兩者之間 Onethe other一個另一個 Both兩者都(both sides) Either兩者中任何一個(either side) Neither (兩者中任何一個也不) Each other彼此,Among三者之間 Another另一個 All所有 Each每個-none任何一個都不 Nor所有都不 One another 彼此,1 . Some of you will water the flowers,_ will clean the classroom. A. other B. the others C. another D. others B考點分析: 1. Others =other+ ns. 其他的. 例:would you like other books? 2. The others=the other+ ns. 指兩大類中的其中一類.請聯系(onethe other理解) 3. Another 三者中的任何一個(無復數) 2 . There are not _ buses in the street. A. any B. some C. much D. little A考點分析: 當表示一些時:Any 用在否定/疑問句 當表示一些時:some用于陳述句. (但是表示征求意見除外) 例: can I borrow some books from you?,3. The question is so difficult that _ students can answer it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little C考點分析: few./little; a few/a little的區(qū)別 Sothat從句.如此以至于 4 . Can you give me _ink? -certainly A. any B. some C. much D. many B考點分析: 訊問用some(詳見2題),5 . She has two brothers._ of them is a teacher. A. every B. both C. neither D. nor C考點分析:常考題,易錯題 沒有every of的用法 Both of them +are (both配復數) Neither of them+ is兩者中一個也沒有 (neither配單數) Either of them +is兩者中任何一個(either配單數) 沒有nor of 提問:能用either; each; all; none嗎? 6 . _ of them has a new watch. A. both B. each C. everyone D. all B考點分析: Each of them 三者以上其中任一個,7. Is there _ in todays newspaper? A. new anything B. new nothing C. anything new D. something new C考點分析:?？碱},易錯題 Anything 用于否定/疑問句 Something 用于肯定句 對Anything/something不定代詞的修飾后置. 8. Toms mother has one new coat and two old _. A. one B. ones C. ones D. them B考點分析:湯姆的媽媽有一個新外套和兩個舊外套 此題較少見.請大家注意 One除了一個之外,還可以表示上面提到的.(請重點記憶) 8A. He lost his pen, I will buy _ for him. A. one B. it C. that D. ones,9 . She danced better than _ other girl in her class. A. some B. many C. any D. one C考點分析:常考題,易錯題 請大家背這兩個句型 Someone doesbetter than any other student Someone does.better than other students. 意思都是:某人做比班里其他同學好. 10. She speaks English better than _ else in her class. A. anyone B. each one C. other D. any other A考點分析: Else 其他的 此詞常用在不定代詞(anyone, someone, nowhere等) 和疑問代詞(whoever; whatever),11 . -Have _ piece of bread, please? -Thank you. I am quite full. A. other B. another C. several D. some B考點分析:?？碱}, 見到詢問別人再來一塊/杯等,就記 would you like another cake/cup? 12 . About twenty of the students went abroad. -Oh, what about _? A. others B. the others C. the other D. another B考點分析: 分兩批,一批去國外, 另外一批(符合兩類;復數),13 . They didnt get as _ information as you did. A. many B. much C. more D. worse B考點分析:同級比較的擴展 Asas像一樣(中間配原型) Information信息(不可數) 不要和 asas sb can 混淆(盡某人全力) 14 . There are trees on _ sides of the river. A. both B. either C. each D. every A考點分析: Both sides Both 擴展: both sides (both+ ns) ;both of them (both of+代詞) Either side 提問each 為何錯?,15 . As a teacher, I know _. A. all them B. them all C. all they D. them of all B考點分析:死背 Them all (all放于代詞后) 作為一個老師,我了解他們所有 16 . There are not _ vegetables in my bowl, but there is _ chicken in it. A. some; any B. any; some C. any; any D. some; some B考點分析: Any 疑問; some 陳述,17 . _ is very kind of you to help me. A. This B. That C. There D. It D考點分析:常考題,易錯題 強調句 it is for sb to It is to do 特例: It is kind/nice of you to help me. There be 句型+n 18 . You two should help_. A. each other B. to one another C. that D. this A考點分析: Each other彼此,19 . There is a glass of water. Please pass_ to me. A. it B. one C. that D. this A考點分析: 提問: 此題怎么改能用 one? 20. This new book doesnt belong to _. A. my B. mine C. me D. my own C考點分析: Sth belong to sb 某物屬于某人 Sb要用賓格,21 . Do you think her T-shirt is more beautiful than_? A. me B. my C. mine D. I C考點分析:?？碱},易錯題 你認為她的T-shirt比我的更漂亮嗎? 從翻譯中我們可以看出,比較的是襯衫,mine=my shirt所以選C 22 . You always study harder than _. You can do with it better than _ do A. me, me B. I , me C. me, I D. I, mine C考點分析: 第一句缺賓語 第二句缺主語,23 . _ will all go swimming this afternoon. A. We, you and they B. You, we and they C. We, they and you D. They, you and we A考點分析: 復數人稱順序為 “一二三” 單數人稱順序為 “二三一” 24. Smith and Black had a picnic with a couple of friends of _ yesterday. A. their B. theirs C. his D. them B考點分析: 史和布和他們的朋友中的兩個昨天去野營. A couple of friends of theirs= a couple of their friends 死背 翻譯:我的學生中的一些會成功,他們中的一個會成為明星 A few of students of mine will be successful, and one of them will be a star,25 . To _ surprise, what_ said is the same as_. A. my, he, our B. me, his, ours C. my, he, ours D. me, him, our C考點分析: 出乎我的意料,他所說的和我們所說的一樣 To ones surprise. -見到詞組中的ones ,都要用定語類人稱詞. What he said 是主語從句,此從句缺主語,所以填he 26. A friend of _ came to our school and gave a talk. A. my B. his C. her D. your B考點分析: 詳見24題. Imine; weours; youyours; hehis; shehers; itits; theytheirs,27. Everyone should care for_ own health. A. his B. her C. theirs D. its A考點分析: 每個人都應在乎他自己的身體. Everyone單數,-決定其后a/b/d Everyone -搭配his ; 28. “Help _ to some chicken.” said the host to me. A. yourself B. you C. yours D. yourselves A考點分析: Help yourself請自便,29 . The kid can dress_ when he gets up. A. him B. his C. He D. himself D考點分析: Sb be dressed in+服裝= sb wear 服裝 Sb dress oneself 某人自己穿衣服 30. Someone is behind the tree, _? A. what is it B. who is it C. who are you D. which one is it B考點分析: 當不清楚性別時, 某人用 “who is it?” 而不說who are you? 打電話/應門類中的 “你是誰”. who is that? 不要混淆.,31 . I think _ easy to help you with your Chinese A. it B. one C. that D. this A考點分析:?？碱},易錯題 I think it easy to do單句,(有點類似強調句) I think that it is easy for me to do復句(劃線部分是強調句) I think it easy to help you.我認為幫你很容易 I think that it is easy for me to help you. 32. The price of a bike is higher than _ of a watch. A. it B. price C. any D. that D考點分析: 這個車的價格比那個手表(的價格)高. That of a watch代替了 the price of a watch,避免重復 It of a watch是錯誤的, 沒有 it of的用法,33 . This is Jane speaking. Whos _? A. you B. that C. he D. it B考點分析: 電話用語, 你是誰-who is that? 不確定性別的某人; 有個人,是誰?- who is it? 詳見30題 34. I have never met_ a person. A. such B. that C. this D. it A考點分析: 我從未見過如此的一個人. 提問:能用so嗎?,人稱代詞歸類,I - me- my- mine-myself Weus-our- ours- ourselves Youyou-your- yours-yourself/ yourselves He - him-his- his- himself She her -her- hers - herself It - it- its- its- itself Theythem-their theirs themselves,不定代詞,Someone Some place/time/body/one/thing Any Every No Someplace new Someplace else new,Onethe other一個另一個-another: 前提: 單數 二/三 I have two pens, one is mine, the other is hers I have 3 pens, one is mine, one is hers, another is hers,Others=other+ns,前提:多方 有很多人打架,一些人在圍觀,其他人在幫忙 有兩幫人在打架,一幫在跑,一幫在砍 Many men are fighting. Some are watching. Other men are helping Some=some men Others=other men,Onesthe others-others,【考點直擊】 1. 人稱代詞主格、賓格形式及其主要用法； 2. 名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的形式、區(qū)別及其主要用法； 3.反身代詞的形式、意義及其主要用法； 4.常見不定代詞的一般用法； 5. 指示代詞的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法； 6. 相互代詞的基本用法； 7. 疑問代詞的基本用法。 8. 關系代詞的基本用法。 【名師點睛】 代詞是代替名詞、形容詞和數詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關系代詞等。,代 詞,一、1. 定義：代詞是代替名詞以及起名詞作用的短語、不定式、V-ing形式、從句或句子的詞。 2. 分類：大多數代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關系代詞和不定代詞八種。,二、 人稱代詞 1. 概念與形式 ：人稱代詞是表示“我(們)”、“你(們)”、“他、她(們)”、“它(們)”的詞。人稱代詞不僅可以指認，也可指物，有人稱、數和格的變化。,數,格,人 稱,2. 功能：人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。主格形式在句中作主語、表語等成分，賓格形式在句中作動詞賓語、介詞賓語、同位語等，有時也作表語。如： I like table tennis. Do you know him? -Who is knocking at the door? -Its I/me. 注：人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進行比較時，用主格和賓格都可以。如： He is older than me. He is older than I am. Miss Lin taughter her an English song.,I主格, 作主語,him賓格, 作賓語,I/me作表語,在口語中作表語常用代詞賓格,her賓格, 作動詞的賓語,Dont worry about me! I can look after it well. We, us three will be able to finish the work. 3. 用法： it的用法：A: 人稱代詞it的用法 it作人稱代詞代替人或事物。it一般指人以外的一切生物或事物, 有時也指嬰兒或不知性別的人。,me,it是賓格, 作介詞的about、after的賓語,us是賓格, 作we的同位語,I have a lovely cat. I like it very much. English is very useful. It is my favorite subject. The baby is crying. It might be hungry. Someone is ringing. Who might it be?,it指動物,it指事物,it指嬰兒,it指不知性別的人,B: 非人稱代詞it的用法 it用作無人稱的主語，不指物，而指時間、天氣、季節(jié)、距離、溫度或事物的狀態(tài)。It還可以指代上文提到的事情，還可指代短語或句子。 It is about five kilometers from here. Its 9:00pm. I must go. How windy it is today! Professor Lee gave us a lecture yesterday. It was interesting.,it指距離,it指時間,it指天氣,C: 指示代詞it的用法 用于“it is/was+表語”的結構 - Who is there downstairs? - Its the postman. - Who is there talking? - Its your father. 指代this或that Whats that on the desk? I guess it might be robot. This is your plan,isnt it?,D: 形式代詞it的用法 形式代詞可代替句子中的不定式、V-ing形式、從句等，作形式主語、形式賓語等,it無意義。 it作形式主語 代替不定式即用于“Its + adj + to do sth”句型中。 Its very nice of you to help me. 代替V-ing形式 Its great fun climbing mountains.,常用it代替V-ing形式的結構 It is no use doing sth. 做沒用 It is not any use doing sth. 做沒用 It is no good doing sth. 做沒好處 It is not any good doing sth. 做沒好處 It is no need doing sth. 做沒必要 It is fun doing sth. 做有趣 代替that從句 It is a fact that population is still increasing. It turns out that were going to have another busy day.,常用it代替that從句的結構 It is a good thing that 是好事情 It is a good news that 是好消息 It is obvious that 很明顯 It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that 很重要 It is strange that 很奇怪 It is surprising that 令人驚訝 It is likely/possible that 很可能 It is well-known that 眾所周知,It is said that 據說 It is reported that 據報道 It is recorded that 據記載 It is suggested that 有人提議 It is ordered that 根據命令 It turns out that 結果是 It should be noted that 應注意 It has been proved that 已證明 It has worked out that 結果是 It seems/appears that 好像 It happened that 碰巧,it作形式賓語 I find it hard to learn maths. I believe it no use reading without understanding. 常用it作形式賓語的動詞 believe guess suppose think feel find discover notice make,E: 常用固定句型 It is/has been+時間+since 此句型表示“從以來有”, since后常用一般過去時。 It is/has been years since we parted in the college. Its time to do sth/for sth 到了該做某事的時間了 Its time to go to school/for school.,多個人稱代詞并列時,順序為: 單數:二,三,一(you,he/she(him/her) and I(me) 復數:一,二,三(we(us), you(you) and they(them) 如果男女并列時，應先男后女，如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承擔責任時，單數時用，I, he, she, you, 復數時用they, you, we. 注:若把錯誤責任擔,第一人稱最當先,(即若做錯事時,把第一人稱放在最前面.),例如： She and I have been to Beijing. Who broke the window? I and Mike. You,he,and I are of the same age. I, he and you have to pay for it. We,you and they should return on time.,三、物主代詞,1. 概念與形式 ：表示所有關系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示。,2. 作用和用法：形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當于形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如： Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box. 名詞性物主代詞的作用相當于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（theirs相當于their school,作主語） - Is this English-book yours? - No. Mine is in my bag. （yours相當于your English-book,作表語;mine相當于my English-book,作主語 ）,Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （yours相當于your homework,作賓語） 名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，名詞是單數，名詞性物主代詞為單數，反之為復數。 特定人的不特定的所有關系 雙重所有格帶有s所有格的名詞，必須是一個明確限定的指人的名詞，同時of前面的名詞必須不確指。 a cousin of my fathers 我父親的一個堂兄(弟) several friends of mine 我的幾個朋友,物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等詞一起前置，修飾一個名詞，而必須用雙重所有格。 公式為： a, an, this, that +名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。如： a friend of mine. each brother of his. a friend of hers/his/theirs/ours = one of his friends 她(他、他們、我們)的一個朋友 the watch of hers= one of her watches,四、指示代詞,1. 概念與形式 ：用來指代或標記人或事物的代詞。表示“那個”、“這個”、“那些”、“這些”包括：this，that，these，those。 2. 作用和用法：A: this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人; that和those 則指時間或空間上較遠的事物或人。例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time,B: 有時that和those代替前面出現的人或物,以避免重復。 that代替可數名詞的單數或不可數名詞。those 代替復數名詞。this 和these則是指下面將要講到的事物。例如： I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this:pronunciation is very important in learning English Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai C: this在電話用語中代表自己, that 則代表對方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?,五、反身代詞,1. 概念與形式 ：表示“我(們)自己”，“你(們)自己”，“他(她、它)(們)自己”的代詞稱為反身代詞也叫自身代詞。,2. 作用和用法：反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。 A: 作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。有些動詞需有反身代詞absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. Please help yourself to some fish. He called himself a writer 注: 有些動詞后不跟反身代詞, get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。 Please sit down.,在不強調的情況下，but, except, for 等介詞后賓語用反身代詞或人稱代詞賓格均可。 如：No one but myself (me) is hurt. 注意: a. 反身代詞本身不能單獨作主語。 (錯) Myself drove the car. (對) I myself drove the car. 我自己開車。 b. 但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語中，第二個主語可用反身代詞，特別是myself 作主語。 Charles and myself saw it. B: 作表語。 It doesnt matter. Ill be myself soon The girl in the news is myself,C: 作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。 I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主語同位語） You should ask the teacher himself（作賓語同位語） D: 反身代詞常和for,of,in,by等介詞搭配，構成固定短語。 for oneself 親自 of oneself 自動 in oneself 本身固有 by oneself 獨自 Think for yourself and youll get the answer. The computer can shut off of itself. You shouldnt leave the child by himself at home.,六、 不定代詞,1. 概念與形式：不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，不定代詞除every 和no外不定代詞既可用作名詞，也可用作形容詞。every和no在句中只能作定語。且不定代詞沒有主格、賓格之分，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。 I have no idea about it.,二三問題,二 both, between, either, neither, onethe other;,三 All Among Each None Another,other,一: other+ns= others 從詞性上說, other （形容詞，代詞) Someothers 二：Onethe other-onesthe others 三: another 有復數嗎？ 三單 當任何表示意愿類時，只用another Can/ may/ Would you like Would you mind Would you please do How about/ what about doing? Why not Let us 擴展復數 another two= two more,不定代詞,不定代詞后置修飾 不定代詞的其他 someone else 不定代詞表其他時的修飾 例其他的某人陌生人 Someone else strange,1. some與any的區(qū)別,1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個”作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數名詞+單數動詞；可數名詞+復數動詞。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數名詞+單數動詞；可數名詞+復數動詞。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea?,3）any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any. If you have no money, Ill lend you some. 注意：與some, any結合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。,2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別,1）用作形容詞：,含義,用法,Im going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them. 2）a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修飾動詞sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級) She slept very little last night.,3. other, the other, another, others, the others的區(qū)別。,1）other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數或復數名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one. 2）other也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構成“the other”，表示兩個人或物中的“另一個”。常與one搭配構成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.,3）other作代詞用時，可以有復數“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構成“some , others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 4）“the others”表示特指某范圍內的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. 5）another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個”，還可以跟代詞one. You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one? 6）another也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.,4. every與each的區(qū)別。,The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour. 當我們說each child, each student或each teacher時，我們想到的是一個人的情況。而當我們說every child和every student時，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher. Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.,5. all和both的用法,1）all指三者以上，或不可數的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數，也可以用作復數。在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。all of/both of后為名詞時, of可省略, 但為賓格代詞時不可省略。 All of us like Mr Pope. (作主語) = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語) Thats all for today. (作表語) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語) All the leaders are here. (作定語) All(of) the people here love peace.,all 的主謂一致：all的單復數由它所修飾或指代的名詞的單復數決定指事物的整體或抽象概念時當做單數，指人時當做復數。 All goes well. 一切進展得很好。 all 通常不與可數名詞單數連用，如：不說 all the book，而說 the whole book。 但all可與表時間的可數名詞單數連用，如 all day，all night，all the year； 但習慣上不說 all hour，all century。 all還可以與一些特殊的單數名詞連用，如 all China，all the city，all my life，all the way,2）both作代詞。 與其他名詞或代詞并列出現，表示“兩個都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents? Theyre both fine. 與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting.,單獨使用，表示“兩者（都）”。 Michael has two sons. Both are clever. I dont know which book is the better, I shall read both. 3）both用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。 Both his younger sisters are our classmates. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.,6. neither 兩者都不 a.neither作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。 b. 作定語與單數名詞連用，但neither nor 用作并列連詞，可與復數名詞連用。其謂語采用就近原則。 c.可用于下列句型，避免重復。 She cant sing，neither (can) he. neither 與nor d.如前句是否定式從句，則主句用neither，而不用 nor。 If you dont do it，neither should I. 如果你不干，我也不干。 e. 如后連續(xù)有幾個否定句式，則用nor，不用neither。 He cant sing，nor dance，nor skate.,7. none, few, some, any, one, ones none 無 1) none作主語，多與of 構成短語 none of。 在答語中，none可單獨使用。 Are there any pictures on the wall? None. 2) none作主語，謂語動詞單復數均可。但如做表語，則其單復數與表語一致。 It is none