partvwriting問題解決型作文寫法.ppt

,問題解決型（problem solution）,一、英語作文語言的形成過程 二、問題解決型作文寫作方法和特點總結(jié) 三、習(xí)作實例講解和句式總結(jié),一、英語作文語言的形成過程,Simple Chinese,Simple English,Compound and complex English,寫作實例 如果我們每個人都減少一次性塑料袋的使用，這對環(huán)境保護(hù)非常重要。,If each of us can reduce the usage of disposal plastic bags, it is very important to environmental protection.,第一步優(yōu)化：句子結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化（使用主語從句合成句子）,It is very important to environmental protection that each of us reduce the usage of disposal plastic bags in our daily life.,第二步：對詞匯進(jìn)行優(yōu)化（四級詞匯在寫作中的應(yīng)用）,It is very important to environmental protection that each of us reduce the usage of disposal plastic bags in our daily life.,significant essential,of vital importance,mean a lot,It means a lot to environmental protection that each of us reduce the usage of disposal plastic bags in our daily life.,minimize,二、問題解決型作文寫作方法和特點總結(jié),The Writing Method of the Passage 1:,A Problem Response Evaluation Structure,This is very commonly used structure in English. Normally, some part of a situation is introduced before the problem. Then, solutions are taken to solve the problem. Afterwards, some evaluation might occur in the actions taken.,Jimmy, was born with brain damage due to a lack of oxygen at his birth.,My mother taught Jimmy practical things.,My life revolved around Jimmys.,My father held the family together with his patience and understanding.,I protected Jimmy when the kids picked on him.,My father and Jimmy were inseparable and did everything together.,Problem,Response,Evaluation,WritingStructure Writing,Sample 1Part 1 of the Text,Writing Pattern,寫作實踐,隨 筆,Example 2 from the Text,Problem:,Jimmy was a wreck when my father died of a heart attack in 1991. He was simply in disbelief. He now quit speaking all together. No matter how hard I tried, Jimmy could not accept the hard fact. (Para. 4) My mother died of lung cancer six months later and I alone was left to look after Jimmy. (Para. 5),問題解決型作文寫作思路,亦可稱為：解決問題型作文。 一般在首段現(xiàn)象描述，之后進(jìn)行問題分析（原因或危害），最后提出建議措施,問題解決型試題回顧,08年12月英語四級作文真題 Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags 1.一次性塑料袋曾被廣泛的使用 2.造成的問題 3.限制使用的意義,2010年6月,Topic：Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling. 1. 如今不少學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中不重視拼寫 2. 出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因 3. 為了改變這種狀況，我認(rèn)為,現(xiàn)象描述段（正反）,2008-06： 娛樂活動多種多樣 2011-06：現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上購物已成為一種時尚 引出話題具體描述總結(jié),2000年1月四級作文真題 How I Finance My College Education 1、上大學(xué)的費用可以通過多種途徑解決 2、哪種途徑適合于我（說明理由）,特點總結(jié),1、目前存在某個問題 2、這種問題的危害或產(chǎn)生的原因 3、給出解決的方法,三、習(xí)作實例講解和句式總結(jié),Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Global Shortage of Fresh Water on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1、人們以為淡水是取之不盡的 2、實際上淡水是非常緊缺的 3、我們應(yīng)該怎么辦,STEP ONE: Content Analysis（內(nèi)容擴(kuò)展）,1、人們以為淡水是取之不盡的,freshwater,Various kinds of freshwater,rain,river,well,lake,2、實際上淡水是非常緊缺的,Short of freshwater,industry,population,pollution,drought,？,？,原因？,3、我們應(yīng)該怎么辦,We/students,scientists,government,Save,technology,institute laws,STEP TWO: Writing Process Analysis（寫作分析）,General Requirement for Every Paragraph:,Topic sentence,Support sentence 1,Support sentence 2,Support sentence 3,1、人們以為淡水是取之不盡的,Fresh water,Various kinds,rain,river,well,lake,There are many individuals who hold the opinion that the worlds supply of freshwater is never used up.,topic sentence,According to them, there are so many kinds of sources as the rain, rive and lake, that it is always sufficient for use, which contributes to a shocking waste of water.,Support sentence,2、實際上淡水是非常緊缺的,Short of freshwater,industry,population,pollution,drought,As a matter of fact, human beings are confronted with the crisis of insufficient fresh water, which can be attributed to the following reasons.,topic sentence,Short of freshwater,population,pollution,It is known that the world population is growing rapidly day by day. So enough fresh water is needed to feed such a big population.,support sentence 1,Whats more, with the development of industry, factories and vehicles produce poisonous gases or wastes, which consequently results in the pollution of water.,support sentence 2,3、我們應(yīng)該怎么辦,We/students,scientists,government,save,technology,institute laws,As far as I am concerned, it is an urgent task for us students to do our part to save water in our daily life.,3、我們應(yīng)該怎么辦,scientists,technology,Second, scientists are expected to work even harder to purify sea water and polluted water, and try to find substitutes to reduce the use of fresh water.,3、我們應(yīng)該怎么辦,government,institute laws,Thirdly, governments are expected to launch campaigns against water pollution,問題解決型寫作句式總結(jié),首句引出現(xiàn)象 1. Nobody/ No one could have failed to notice the fact that kids lack of independence has become a grave problem in many families. 負(fù)面：a grave problem 練習(xí)：一次性塑料袋、水資源, 2008-12：一次性塑料袋曾經(jīng)廣泛使用,Nobody/ No one could have failed to notice the fact that white pollution has become a grave problem in the contemporary society. current,2019/7/10, 正面,a common/popular phenomenon/practice,首句2.,In the contemporary society, there is no denying the fact that + 客觀事實（提綱1）. 練習(xí)：住房需求緊張問題,首句3.,On many campuses/ In the contemporary society/ In the present-day society/ In recent decades, the shortage of housing is one of the most serious problems with which people are confronted.,首句4(正反均可),Nowadays/In the present-day society/In recent decades, it can be noticed that children depend more on their parents than ever before. (比較級引出問題),練習(xí)：用比較級引出問題,網(wǎng)上購物 Nowadays/In the present-day society/In recent decades, it can be noticed that more people purchase items online than ever before.,首句5(正反均可)：,In the present-day society/ In recent years, it has become a prevalent/ prevailing tendency /trend/ practice for _人_ to _動作_.,首句6: （正面）,In recent decades, _ has/have gained great popularity among _. popularity public attention/publicity (負(fù)面),首句7,The past years /decades have seen /witnessed the huge/speedy advancement/ development of _.,2019/7/10,現(xiàn)象描述寫作范例1：Unhealthy Living Habits,1. 現(xiàn)在很多大學(xué)生有不健康的生活習(xí)慣 2. 這些習(xí)慣的危害 3. 我的建議,2019/7/10,2019/7/10,你在寫下篇作文時，將如何運用上面的方法寫出多樣的句型？,Dating Is Popular with College Students,Dating is a concept not far away from college students. On campus some lovers walk hand in hand, and some kiss or hug in public. When the majority of ones close friends are in committed (有密切關(guān)系的) relationships, to get rid of loneliness, some will date fellow classmates, while others are in long-distance relationships.,Different people show different attitudes. Young lovers say they have right and freedom to fall in love. Some parents think college students mature a litter faster, but its not good to start dating too early, and they should tell dating from marriage. Some teachers are worried that dating might be a great distraction (分散) from their schoolwork. School authorities (官方) neither encourage nor discourage it.,In my opinion, striking a balance between learning and dating is science as well as art. Students may benefit from these relationships. To balance work and play, they encourage each other to work hard. They can work more efficiently (有效率地) this way. So they get high grades while keeping a happy relationship. However, there are also some concerns: its a big deal for students to have a boyfriend or a girlfriend, and they should take their relationships seriously. When they love at first sight, they should love on second thought.,I. TOEFL作文題目1 Directions: You will have thirty minutes to plan and write an essay on the topic given below. Use the first few minutes to read the topic carefully and think about what kind of essay you will write. You may use the space immediately below the essay topic to make notes. Write your essay on the lined pages that follow. Yo