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Lecture 5 正譯與反譯,英漢兩種語(yǔ)言中,都有從正面或者反面來(lái)表達(dá)某一種概念的現(xiàn)象。因此,為了使譯文重視而呵護(hù)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣地傳達(dá)原文的意思,有時(shí)必須把原文中的肯定說(shuō)法(正說(shuō))變成譯文中的否定說(shuō)法(反說(shuō));或者把原文的否定說(shuō)法(反說(shuō))變成譯文的肯定說(shuō)法(正說(shuō)),這種方法叫作正說(shuō)反譯和反說(shuō)正譯法,有時(shí)簡(jiǎn)稱正譯和反譯。,Introduction,I dont think Tom is correct. 我不認(rèn)為湯姆是不對(duì)的。 我認(rèn)為湯姆不對(duì)。 我想小李明天不會(huì)來(lái)了。 I think Xiao Li wont come tomorrow. I dont think Xiao Li will come tomorrow Are you not going tomorrow? B. No, Im not going. 甲:你明天不去嗎? 乙:是的,我不去。 Africa is not kicking out Western Imperialism in order to invite other new masters. 非洲不踢出西方帝國(guó)主義為了請(qǐng)進(jìn)其它新的主子 非洲踢出西方帝國(guó)主義并不是為了請(qǐng)進(jìn)其他新的主子。,正說(shuō)與反說(shuō): 英語(yǔ)里含有no, not, never, non-, de-, un-, dis-, im-, ir-, -less等成分的句子, 漢語(yǔ)里含有不、非、沒(méi)、別、休、莫、勿、毋、未、否等成分的詞句,都稱為否定說(shuō)法,簡(jiǎn)稱反說(shuō)。 相反,英、漢語(yǔ)中不含這些成分的詞句成為肯定說(shuō)法,簡(jiǎn)稱正說(shuō)。原則上講,最好是正說(shuō)正譯,反說(shuō)反譯,但在實(shí)踐中,兩者的正反表達(dá)形式有時(shí)不能吻合,必須進(jìn)行正反的轉(zhuǎn)換。,正說(shuō)反譯,正說(shuō)反譯:原句以“正說(shuō)”的形式出現(xiàn),譯文則須采取“反說(shuō)”的形式來(lái)表達(dá)。這些“正說(shuō)”的句子里往往包括有否定含義的單詞或詞組,雖然以肯定形式出現(xiàn),但表達(dá)的卻是否定的意義。翻譯時(shí)要按其隱含的否定意義譯成漢語(yǔ)中的否定句。,1. The world today is far from peace. 2. The beauty of the park is more than words can describe. 3. Be sure to lock the door when you leave. 4. The first bombs missed the target. 5. Such a chance was denied me. 6. D you know why XiaoWang is always trying to avoid you?,英譯漢,7. The child managed to keep himself from falling. 8. They would fight to death before they surrendered. 9. The city and the areas around it are an ice-free port and a nuclear-weapon-free zone. 10. The wood bridge is anything but safe. 11. We cannot finish the work in the absence of these conditions.,英語(yǔ)中含有否定意義的詞或結(jié)構(gòu),動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ):deny(拒絕,即沒(méi)有答應(yīng)),lack(缺乏,即不足),refuse(拒絕,即否認(rèn),沒(méi)有答應(yīng)),escape(逃避,即沒(méi)有被發(fā)現(xiàn)),resist(抵抗,即沒(méi)有放棄),reject(拒絕,即沒(méi)有答應(yīng)),decline(拒絕,即沒(méi)有答應(yīng)),doubt(懷疑,即不太確信),wonder(想知道,即不明白),fail(失敗,即沒(méi)有完成),exclude(排除,即沒(méi)有接受,不包括),overlook(沒(méi)有注意到),cease(終止,即沒(méi)有堅(jiān)持),neglect(沒(méi)有注意到),forbid(不許),give up(放棄,即沒(méi)有堅(jiān)持),refrain from(不允許),lose sight of(不管),keep up with(不落后于),savefrom(使不),shut ones eyes to(不看),to say nothing of(更不用說(shuō)),not to mention(更不用說(shuō)),protect (keep, prevent)from(不讓),keep off(不接近),keep out(不讓進(jìn)入),turn a deaf ear to(不聽(tīng),不顧),fall short of(不足),live up to(不辜負(fù)),dissuadefrom(勸不要),keepdark(不把說(shuō)出去),名詞: neglect(沒(méi)有注意到),failure(失敗,即沒(méi)有完成),refusal(拒絕,即否認(rèn),沒(méi)有答應(yīng)),absence(不在,缺少),shortage(不足),reluctance(不情愿),ignorance(沒(méi)有注意到),loss(沒(méi)有),exclusion(排除,即沒(méi)有接受,不包括),lack(缺乏,沒(méi)有),negation(拒絕,即否認(rèn)),Greek to(對(duì)一無(wú)所知)等。,形容詞或者形容詞短語(yǔ): far from(遠(yuǎn)不,一點(diǎn)也不),free from(不受影響),safe from(免于),short of(缺少,不足),ignorant of(不知道,沒(méi)有注意到),independent of(不受的支配),impatient of(對(duì)不耐煩),deficient(缺乏),devoid of(不具有,缺乏),alien to(不同),foreign to(不適合,與無(wú)關(guān)),blind to(看不見(jiàn)),far and few between(很少),absent from(不在),different from(不同),reluctant to(不愿意),less than(少于,不多于),dead to(對(duì)沒(méi)有反應(yīng)),the last(最后的,即最不愿意,最不配,決不),介詞或介詞短語(yǔ): past(超過(guò)),above(不低于),without(沒(méi)有),beyond(超出),instead of(而不是),in vain(無(wú)效,沒(méi)有),in the dark(一點(diǎn)也不知道),at a loss(不知所措),but for(要不是),in spite of(不管),at fault(出錯(cuò)),against(不同意),before(還沒(méi)有就),below(不到),beside(與無(wú)關(guān)),but(除之外),except(除之外),from(阻止,使不做某事),off(離開(kāi),中斷),under(在之下,不足),within(不超出),beneath(不如,不足),beneath ones notice(不值得理睬),out of(不在里面,不在狀態(tài)),out of the question(不可能),in the dark about(對(duì)不知),瑪麗來(lái)得正是時(shí)候。 直到我做完作業(yè),我才弄懂這個(gè)原理。 我的鞋濕了,只好光著腳走回家。 我非常贊成你的看法。,漢譯英,Mary couldnt have come at better time.,I didnt understand the principle until I completely finished my homework,I had to walk home with no shoes on for theyve got wet.,I couldnt agree with you more.,為了提高工作效率,公司非常關(guān)注工人們的權(quán)利。 這個(gè)國(guó)家目前正在以空前的規(guī)模發(fā)展其工業(yè)。 博物館內(nèi)所有物品禁止觸摸。 我一和他接觸,就決心要深入了解他。,On no occasion has the corporation neglected the rights of the workers for higher efficiency.,This country is now expanding its industry unprecedently.,All the articles are untouchable in the museum.,No sooner had I come into contact with him than I determined to get to know him well.,反說(shuō)正譯,Dont hesitate to tell us if you have a problem. He is not afraid to call a spade a spade even when it comes to government. You might have been more careful. An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.,英譯漢,Jim manifested a strong dislike for this man. He returned home with no hope on his face. It will not be long before we meet again. There is no material but will deform more or less under the action of forces.,常見(jiàn)的帶有隱含肯定意義的詞組或單詞主要有:,notuntil(直到才),nottoo(越越好),none but(只有),nothing but(只有,只不過(guò)),nothing more than(僅僅),no soonerthan(剛一就),none other than(不是別的人或物而正是),none the less(依然,仍然),not but that(雖然)make nothing of (對(duì)等閑視之),for nothing(徒然,免費(fèi)),not onlybut also(不僅而且),notlong before(很快就),no more than(僅僅,只是),no other than(只有,正是)等,同學(xué)們都認(rèn)真地說(shuō):“我們絕對(duì)不辜負(fù)老師們的期望?!?沒(méi)有到規(guī)定時(shí)間,不要離開(kāi)考場(chǎng)。 我寧愿住在舊房子里也不要主導(dǎo)那幢新樓里去。 我警告過(guò)他,但他置若罔聞。,漢譯英,All the students said seriously, “Well for ever live up to what the teachers expect of us!,Dont leave the examination hall until the fixed time.,I would rather live in the old house than in the new apartment.,I gave him some good advice, but he made light of it.,其它一些否定句的翻譯,部分否定 All that glitters is not gold. Both the windows are not open. Everybody does not believe the rumor. They are not always in the office on Sundays.,英語(yǔ)中的所謂部分否定,是指代詞或者副詞如all, both, every, everybody, everyday, everyone, many, everything, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, everywhere, always, often等與否定詞not搭配使用。,全部否定 None of my friends smoke. Our great motherland has never before been so prosperous as it is today. Nothing in the world is difficult fo
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