初一下語法專項預(yù)習(xí)之時態(tài).ppt

,北京四中 孫玲,初一下時態(tài)預(yù)習(xí),（一）、現(xiàn)在進行時 （二）、一般過去時 （三）、現(xiàn)在完成時,(一). 現(xiàn)在進行時,語法講解 1. 現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法: 1) 表示說話時正在進行的動作: 常和now連用，有時用一個動詞如look（看）、listen（聽）來表示now（現(xiàn)在）這一時間概念。 Look！A dog is running after a cat. Listen！He is playing the piano.,2) 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行著的動作: 但不一定是說話時正在進行。常和at present（目前）、this week（本周）、these days（這幾天）等時間狀語連用。 What lesson are you studying this week？ 你們本周學(xué)哪一課了？（說話時并不在學(xué)）,3) 現(xiàn)在進行時有時可用來表示一個在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作即是說可以用來代替將來時，但此時，一般要與表示將來的時間狀語連用，而且僅限于少量動詞。如：go（去）、come（來）、leave（離開）、start（開始）、arrive（到達）、return（返回）、 How many of you are coming to the party next week？ She is leaving for Tianjing tomorrow.,2. 基本構(gòu)成：be + doing 現(xiàn)在分詞的幾種改變方式：,1）動詞+ing：play（游玩）playing， study（學(xué)習(xí)）studying 2）去e+ing： write（寫）writing，make（做）making，take（?。﹖aking 3）雙寫詞尾+ing：stop（停止）stopping，cut（砍）cutting，sit（坐）sitting 4）特殊變化：lie-lying, die-dying, 邊講邊練,用動詞適當形式填空： 1) What are you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread. 2) Its nine oclock. My father_(work) in the office. 3) Look, the boy _(put) the rubbish into the bin. 4) _he_ (clean) the classroom? No, he isnt. He _ (play). 5) Where is Mark? He _(run) on the grass. 6) Listen, who _(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary _(sing) there., 邊講邊練,用動詞適當形式填空： 1) What are you doing now? I am eating bread. 2) Its nine oclock. My father is working in the office. 3) Look, the boy is putting the rubbish into the bin. 4) Is he cleaning the classroom? No, he isnt. He is playing. 5) Where is Mark? He is running on the grass. 6) Listen, who is singing in the music room? Oh, Mary is singing there.,(二). 一般過去時,表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。謂語動詞要用一般過去式。經(jīng)常與yesterday, last week, last month, last year, two months ago, the day before yesterday，in 1990, in those days等表示過去的時間狀語連用。 如： I was born in 1990. When did you go to the park? I went to the park last week.,1. 一般過去時態(tài)句子結(jié)構(gòu),(1). Be 動詞的一般過去時態(tài) 構(gòu)成：肯定句：主語+was (were) +表語 如：I was late yesterday. 否定句：主語+was (were) +not+表語 如：We werent late yesterday. She wasnt a teacher three years ago. 疑問句：一般疑問句：Was (Were) +主語+表語 如： Were you ill yesterday? Were they once your classmates？ 肯定回答： Yes, I was. 否定句： No, I wasnt. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ Was (Were) +主語+表語 Who were your best friends in your primary school?,(2). 實義動詞的一般過去時態(tài),肯定句要使用動詞的過去式，否定句和疑問句要使用助動詞do和 does 的過去式 did. 肯定句為：主語+動詞過去式+賓語 如： I went home at nine oclock yesterday. 否定句：主語+didnt +動詞原形+賓語 如：I didnt go home yesterday. He didnt tell me about you. 疑問句：一般疑問句：Did +主語+動詞原形+賓語 如： Did you go home yesterday? Did you study in the school? 肯定回答： Yes, I did. 否定回答：No, I didnt. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+did +主語+動詞原型+賓語 When did you finish your homework last night? What did you do the day before yesterday?,(3). 助動詞和情態(tài)動詞過去式如下,shallshould（將要）用于第一人稱單數(shù) willwould（將要）用于所有人稱 can could（能，會） maymight（可以） mustmust （必須） have tohad to（不得不） 助動詞和情態(tài)動詞的過去時態(tài)要使用他們的過去式，后面的動詞還使用原形。 如： I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作業(yè)。),2. 一般過去時態(tài)動詞變化形式,一般過去時態(tài)由動詞的過去式表示。大多數(shù)動詞的過去式是在動詞原形后加上ed構(gòu)成。這類動詞稱為規(guī)則動詞。 1） 一般情況下在詞尾直接加ed。 如：playplayed workworked 2） 以e結(jié)尾的動詞只加d. 如：like- liked loveloved 3） 以輔音字母+Y結(jié)尾的動詞，變Y為I，再加ed. 如：studystudied carrycarried 4） 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，如果末尾只有一個輔音字母，要雙寫最后這個輔音字母，再加ed. 如：stopstopped,句型轉(zhuǎn)換,1.Did she study English well?(改為肯定句) She_English well. 2.I went to Los Angeles two years ago.(對劃線部分提問) _did you_to Los Angeles? 3.It took us about nine hours to get there.(對劃線部分提問) _ _ _it _you to get there? 4.We saw the homes of the movie stars there.(同上) _ did you_there? 5.We got here by bike.(同上) _ _you_here?,句型轉(zhuǎn)換,1.Did she study English well?(改為肯定句) She studied English well. 2.I went to Los Angeles two years ago.(對劃線部分提問) When did you go to Los Angeles? 3.It took us about nine hours