作文第二次(如何寫開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾).ppt

II. Writing the Essay 如何寫開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾,a. The Introduction 文章的開(kāi)頭段主要是引出文章的話題，并同時(shí)表明作者的觀點(diǎn)。必須簡(jiǎn)潔，準(zhǔn)確，新穎，吸引讀者。,Writing the Essay 如何寫開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾,Example 1: It is much easier to learn in a small class than in a large one. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Introduction: Many students believe that small class offer much better educational opportunities than large ones. However, in my experience, that is not necessarily true. I believe that, with a good teacher, a large class can provide as good a learning opportunity as a small one.,Writing the Essay 如何寫開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾,Analysis: In the introduction, the writer present the topic in the first sentence. However, in the second sentence, the writer disagrees with the idea stated in the prompt. In the last sentence of the introduction, the writer gives the thesis statement (topic) that learning depends on good teaching, not class size.,Some ways of writing beginning paragraph Presenting a statement of the essays general topic 主題法(開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，直截了當(dāng)。如上例）,2. Tell a story. Select one that is closely related to your topic, which can lead your readers into the thesis.,I heard such a story some time ago. A mother saw her sons exam paper scored 80 , she was so angry that she beat her son to death, and then she killed herself. This tragedy raises a question: are exam scores that important? I think parents in China should have a correct attitude towards school grades.,3. Give relevant background materials(背景介紹） Why College Students Take a Part-time Job Nowadays college students are seen waiting tables. Cleaning in stores, advertising in streets, tutoring in families. It has become fashionable for college students to do some odd jobs in their spare time.,4. using statistics 數(shù)據(jù)法 Why College Graduates have Difficulties Finding a Job According to a recent survey by China Daily, about 15% of college graduates have difficulties finding a job, and the number seems to be increasing.,5. Definition 定義法 Should Euthanasia be Advocated? Euthanasia, a quiet and easy death, or “mercy killing”, has become a heated topic among people recently. Many people applauded it and argue that euthanasia should be advocated in our society.,6. 問(wèn)題法 Is money all powerful? If someone asks me such a question, my answer is always the same: No. Money is by no means all powerful.?,7. 引言法 The Value of Time “Time, ” says the proverb, “is money”. This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. (要引用，必須確保準(zhǔn)確，不能自己翻譯,Practice: Holiday economy Private tutoring,Since the “golden week“ holiday system was introduced by the government in the late 1990s , Every week-long holiday sees a kind of spending fever, which in turn leads to the creation of the new term “ holiday economy” . Nowadays private tutoring is very popular with students on campus. More and more students choose to be tutors in their spare time. After class on the weekend they will spend time working as private tutors.,Writing the Essay 如何寫開(kāi)頭和結(jié) 尾,c. Conclusion 對(duì)整篇文章的總結(jié)和歸納，可以突出要點(diǎn)，還可以重述作者觀點(diǎn)，重申主題的重要性。,Writing the Essay 如何寫開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾,Example 1: It is much easier to learn in a small class than in a large one. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? In conclusion, I dont think that the size of a class is very important. I think that learning depends more on the quality of the teaching than on the number of students in the class. Analysis: This is a simply conclusion that restates the main idea from the introduction an summarizes the main point of the body paragraphs.,結(jié)語(yǔ)段的寫作方法,復(fù)述式：重復(fù)引言部分提出的觀點(diǎn)，以達(dá)到強(qiáng)化主題，首尾呼應(yīng)的效果，加深印象的目的。（如Eg 1),結(jié)語(yǔ)段的寫作方法,總結(jié)式 Why College Students Take a Part-time Job The significance for college students of doing a part-time job means more than money and experience: It will broaden their outlook and a profound influence on their personality and life.,展望式：對(duì)文章討論的主題提出解決辦法，同時(shí)對(duì)問(wèn)題的解決充滿信心；對(duì)發(fā)展中的新情況、新事物寄予厚望，并向讀者展示良好的發(fā)展前景。此方法能給人以鼓舞，有助于增加文章的感染力。,建議式：就文章討論的問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象，提出解決的方法和建議。 警示式：指出所討論問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性或可能出現(xiàn)的嚴(yán)重性，引起讀者對(duì)所討論問(wèn)題的高度重視。,結(jié)語(yǔ)段寫作中應(yīng)注意之問(wèn)題 1）保持與主題思想的一致，避免前后矛盾，或與主題不相關(guān)。 2）簡(jiǎn)潔明了。 3）避免空喊口號(hào)，或老生常談。 4）選擇什么結(jié)尾方式要根據(jù)體裁而定。命題作文的結(jié)尾要依照所給的中文概要而定。,Practice: 1. Holiday economy 2. Private tutoring,As far as I am concerned, I do believe Holiday Economy contributes a lot to our countrys economic growth .However，I suggest the government take effective measures to solve the problems resulting from the holiday economy. For example, more supervision should be carried by the entities at the government level during holidays. Only in this way can we let Holiday Economy develop in a sound way . Up to now, I havent taken any part-time job like tutoring because I am busy with my compulsory courses. In my opinion, at present laying a solid foundation in students and improving my analytical ability are more important than earning money or obtaining experience.,Some economists are in favor of Holiday Economy. With so many people taking good advantage of Golden Week for a traveling, eating outside or entertaining themselves in different ways , they believe Holiday Economy can greatly boost consumption and pull domestic demand. On the other hand, some related industries, such as transportation, hotel or service industries driven by peoples demand, also thrive during holidays, which in turn add fuel to the overall economic growth. However, others think Holiday Economy brings us lots of big problems. First, with the intensive demand in suc