2020版高考英語一輪復習Unit1Greatscientists課時作業(yè)（含解析）新人教版必修5.docx

Unit 1 Great scientists課時作業(yè).閱讀理解(2019石家莊模擬D)Imagine a cat that does not need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person company and helps them remember to take their medicine.That is the shared dream of the toy maker Hasbro and scientists at Brown University in Providence，Rhode Island.The researchers received a $ 3milliondollar award from the National Science Foundation for a special project.They want to find ways to add artificial intelligence，or AI.，to Hasbros “Joy for All” robotic.The cat has already been for sale for two years.Though priced over 1000 dollars，it sold quite well.It was meant to act as a “companion” for older people.Now the project is aimed at developing additional abilities for the cat.Researchers at Browns HumanityCentered Robotics Initiative are working to decide which activities older adults may need the most.They hope to make the cat perform a small number of activities very well.Such activities include finding lost objects and reminding the person to take medicine or visit their doctor.They also want to keep the cost down to just a few hundred dollars.It is an idea that has appealed to Jeanne Elliott.Her 93yearold mother Mary Derr lives with her in South Kingstown.Derr has dementia (癡呆)The Joy for All cat that Elliott bought this year has become a true companion for Derr.The cat stays with Derr and keeps her calm while Elliott is at work.Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater.The researchers are trying to learn how the improved cats will complete helpful activities and how they will communicate.They say that they do not want a talking cat，however.Instead they are trying to design a cat that can move its head in a special way to successfully communicate its message.In the end，they hope to create an exchange between the human and the cat in which the human feels the cat needs them.By doing so，the researchers hope they can even help prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.【語篇解讀】本文介紹新型的人工智能機器貓。機器貓會給老年人更多的幫助，同時機器貓也離不開他們。被需要的感覺是至關重要的。他們甚至可以幫助防止老年人的孤獨和悲傷情緒。1Whats the purpose of the project?ATo relieve the pain of the elderly. BTo promote the sales of a medicine.CTo invent a robotic cat for the elderly.DTo help make the robotic cat smarter.【答案】D目的意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Imagine a cat that does not need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person company and help them remember to take their medicine.項目的目地是幫助機器貓更聰明。故選D。2Compared with the old model，the new robotic cat will be _.AsmallerBCheaperCmore talkative Dmore expensive【答案】B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句They also want to keep the cost down to just a few hundred dollars.可知，與舊模型相比新的機器貓更便宜。故選B。3What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us?AThe cat gives much help to the elderly. BThe more functions of the cat，the better.CThere is no cure for dementia at present.DMary Derr would have died without the cat.【答案】A段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater.可知，機器貓會給老年人更多的幫助。故選A。4What can we infer from the last paragraph?AA talking cat is quite popular among the elderly.BFeelings of sadness among the elderly are unavoidable.CEach family can afford such a cat in the future.DThe feeling of being needed is vital to the elderly.【答案】D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句In the end，they hope to create an exchange between the human and the cat in which the human feels the cat needs them.By doing so，the researchers hope they can even help prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.可知，被需要的感覺是至關重要的。故選D。B(2019鄭州模擬)Great womenWhen it comes to changing the world，these women have invented，researched and collected their way to a place in scientific history.Hedy LamarrMore widely known as a Hollywood star during the 1930s and 1940s，Hedy Lamarr(19142000)was much more than a pretty face.After her home country Austria was taken over by the Nazi，highly intelligent and fearless，Lamarr worked with scientist and inventor George Antheil to develop a secret communication system.Without her work，wireless(無線的)technology as we know it today would not exist.Today she is considered as the mother of WiFi.Ameenah GuribFakimAmeenah GuribFakim was born in 1959 in Mauritius，the country for which she now serves as the first woman president.She is a scientist who has spent many hours researching the local plants of Mauritius and their values as medicine.She has held many high positions in the fields of both politics and science and was awarded(授予)the 2007 UNESCO Award for Women in Science.Mae CJemisonOn June 4,1987，Mae CJemison became the first AfricanAmerican woman to enter the space program.On September 12,1992，she joined several other astronauts on the Endeavour，becoming the first AfricanAmerican woman in space.Born in Decatur，Alabama in 1956 and raised mostly in Chicago，Jemison holds many awards and degrees.As a child，Jemison spent a lot of time in her school library ，reading especially books space.【文章大意】本文是說明文，介紹了在科學發(fā)展史上有突出成就的幾位女性及其貢獻。5Which of the following did Hedy Lamarr achieve?AIntroducing WiFi for the first time. BCodeveloping a communication system.CKeeping her country from being taken over.DPlaying a key role in Internet development.【答案】B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hedy Lamarr中Lamarr worked with scientist and inventor George Antheil to develop a secret communication system.Without her work，wireless technology as we know it today would not exist.Today she is considered as the mother of WiFi.可知Lamarr在通訊系統(tǒng)無線技術方面做出了很大貢獻，故選B。6Why has Ameenah GuribFakim spent much time studying plants?ATo protect the environment. BTo draw Public attention to themCTo learn about their medical values. DTo help her people start business.【答案】C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ameenah GuribFakim中She is a scientist who has spent many hours researching the local plants of Mauritius and their values as medicine.可知Ameenah GuribFakim花費大量時間研究植物是為了研究植物的藥用價值，故選C。7It can be inferred that when Mae CJemison was young，she _.Ashowed great interest in space Bwas encouraged by an astronautCfailed to receive a good education Dwanted to become the first astronaut【答案】A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mae CJemison中As a child，Jemison spent a lot of time in her school library ，reading especially books space.可知Jemison小時候就喜歡有關太空的書籍，對太空感興趣。故選A。.閱讀七選五(2019湖南省三湘名校教育聯(lián)盟模擬)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。A memorable science projectIf someone tells you to remember a phone number or address，it feels like an easy task at first.You repeat the numbers to yourself，either aloud or in your mind.But after just a few seconds you might find yourself starting to doubt your own memory._1_ Thus，it will try to throw away information that seems old or irrelevant.There are ways of helping our minds retain (記住) information，however，and in this activity you will explore ways that we lose and keep memories.Shortterm，or working memory，is a way of describing most peoples abilities to store a small amount of information for a brief period of time in a readily accessible form._2_ People dont have to stop and think to remember something in short term memory. _3_ Such techniques include visualizing (觀察) the information in a surprising way or linking pieces of information together so that one reminds you of the other.In the case of visualizing information，this could be as simple as remembering you parked your car on the fifth floor in the D section by picturing five dogs sitting in your car! _4_ If you need to purchase cereal (谷物)，milk，fruit，cheese and eggs，you could imagine the cereal in a bowl，with milk pouring over it and pieces of fruit on top.Then imagine cracking an egg over everything，and its full of melted cheese! These may seem simple or even silly._5_ In this activity youll test the recall of a few friends or family members，and learn a few tricks for improving memory!AThere are many techniques for improving memory.BOur brain is always seeking new and useful information.CShortterm memory has a short duration but is quickly and easily accessed.DIn addition，linking information could help you remember your grocery list.ERetaining that information over longer periods of time becomes difficult yet.FYour shortterm memory has a limited amount of space to store information.GHowever，they are proved to be good ways for improving memory by scientist.【語篇解讀】本文介紹一個值得記憶的科學項目。1【答案】B根據(jù)下文：因此，它將試圖丟棄那些看起來過時或無關緊要的信息?？芍覀兊拇竽X總是在尋找新的、有用的信息。故選B。2【答案】C根據(jù)下文：人們不需要停下來，想在短期記憶中記住一些東西。可知，短期記憶的持續(xù)時間很短，但很快就能被訪問。故選C。3【答案】A根據(jù)下文：這些技術包括以一種令人驚訝的方式可視化信息或?qū)⑿畔㈡溄釉谝黄穑康氖亲屇阆肫鹆肆硪粋€。可知，有許多提高記憶的技術。故選A。4【答案】D根據(jù)下句：如果你需要購買谷物、牛奶、水果、奶酪和雞蛋，你可以想象一個碗里的谷物，牛奶倒在上面，上面有水果?？芍?，此外，鏈接信息可以幫助你記住你的購物清單。故選D。5【答案】G根據(jù)上句：這些看起來很簡單，甚至有些愚蠢。所以下句應該是一句與上句轉(zhuǎn)折的內(nèi)容，“然而，事實證明，它們是科學家提高記憶力的好方法?！惫蔬xG。此處However表示轉(zhuǎn)折；G項中的they指上文的These方法。.語法填空(2019甘肅省部分普通高中第一次聯(lián)考)The truth _1_ trees are vital to our life is not a secret.They provide us with food，wood and most _2_(important)，oxygen.Now there is one more thing we can add to this listblocking out harmful bacteria from water.The discovery _3_(make)by a team _4_(consist)of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)and high school students _5_ were seeking a natural water filterone that would help communtities in developing countries that do not have _6_(accessible)to modern water filter systems.The _7_(research)，led by Professor Rohit Karnik，decided to turn to trees for help because they could allow liouid to flow through，while blocking out air bubbles.They began by cutting 1.5inchwide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree.The people related then tested the woods filtering ability by pouring water containing red dye particles of different sizes through._8_ their amazement，they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles._9_(encourage)，the team conducted _10_experiment，this time with water that contained bacteria.Sure enough，the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria，allowing only 1% to flow through.【語篇解讀】樹木作用巨大。最新研究表明，它們能去除水中的細菌。1【答案】命題立意：考查同位語從句。that此處是同位語從句，又因為從句中不缺少成分，故選用從屬連詞that。2【答案】命題立意：考查形容詞和副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。importantly此處most importantly是在修飾謂語動詞provide，故用副詞。句意為“他們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┝耸澄锖湍绢^，更重要的是提供了氧氣”。3【答案】命題立意：考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。was made此處指上文中的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是由一個被幾個科學家組成的隊伍做出的，the discovery和make之間被動關系，故用被動語態(tài)。由本句話可知，用一般過去時。4【答案】命題立意：考查非謂語動詞。consisting此處是現(xiàn)在分詞短語“consisting of scientists”作后置定語，修飾team。因為被修飾詞team和consist之間是主謂關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。5【答案】命題立意：考查定語從句。who/that分析句子可知此處為who/that引導的定語從句，因為先行詞是students，并且students在后面的定語從句中充當主語，故用who/that。6【答案】命題立意：考查形容詞和名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。accesshave access to，意思為“使用，接近，可以利用”，是固定搭配。7【答案】命題立意：考查動詞和名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。researchers分析該句結構可知，謂語動詞為decided，那么能發(fā)出這個動作的主語應該為researchers研究人員，研究者。8【答案】命題立意：考查介詞。Toto ones amazement，是固定結構，表示“令某人驚訝的是”。9【答案】命題立意：考查非謂語動詞。Encouraed此處為分詞作狀語，主語team與encourage之間是動賓關系，故選用過去分詞“encouraged”。10【答案】命題立意：考查代詞。another根據(jù)上文可知關于此事做過實驗，這次是除了上次以外的另一個實驗，故用another，表示“另一個”。.短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加，刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用()劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下面一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。(2019河北衡水中學測試)Alexander was a military genius or great explorer.But he also had a great ambition.He wanted to rule a country that people could