初中英語基礎知識復習-定語從句.doc

初中英語基礎知識復習-定語從句一、什么是定語從句 定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。二、定語從句的關系詞一般情況下，如果先行詞表示人的名詞或代詞時，關系詞應用who，whom或that。who和that在從句中可以作主語或賓語；whom在從句中作賓語。whose在從句中常作主語的定語，通常指人，也可以指物，表示“誰的”。先行詞如果是表示物的名詞或代詞時，用that或which均可，但有些情況只能用that，有些情況只能用which。三、在下列情況下，定語從句的關系代詞多用that1. 當先行詞為all，something，anything等不定代詞時用that。如：You should tell me all（that）you have know about.你因該把你所知道的情況告訴我。Here is something that my father needs.這正是我父親所需要的東西。2. 當先行詞被every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時，用that。如：He has spent all the money that his father gave him.他已經(jīng)把父親給他的錢都花掉了。Tom tried every means that he could do to finish the job on time but he failed.為了完成工作，湯姆想盡了一切辦法，但他還是失敗了。3. 當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時，用that。如：This is the second letter that I received from my younger sister this month.這是我這個月收到我妹妹的第二封信。Gone with the Wind is one of the best films that I have ever seen.亂世佳人是我看過的最好的影片之一。4. 先行詞被only, very, same, last等詞修飾時，用that。如：This is the only book that you can read in these few days.這是你最近幾天能看的唯一一本書了。That is the very magazine that he is looking for .那正是他要找的那本雜志。4. 在限制性定語從句中關系代詞作表語時應用that。如：The distance that you are from home is immaterial.你離家的距離是微不足道的。6. 當主語中已出現(xiàn)which而為了避免重復時使用that。如：Which is the book that you need?你需要的是哪一本書呢？7. 當先行詞既有人，又有物時，引導詞只用that。如：He can see two boys and some trees that are at a distance of five hundred meters.他看見在五百米外有兩個男孩和一些樹。四、在下列情況中則多用which1. 非限制性定語從句多用which。如：Canada, which is in North America, is the second largest country in the world.位于北美洲的加拿大是世界第二大國。2. 介詞之后的定語從句多用which。如：This is the stamp for which he is looking.這正是他要找的那枚郵票。3.“those+復數(shù)名詞”之后的定語從句，用which。如：A supermarket should keep a stock of those goods which sell well.商場應儲存一些銷量好的商品。4.定語從句離先行詞較遠時，用which。如：My grandmother gave me a gift of great value on my birthday which I liked very much.在我生日的那一天，我奶奶給了我一件非常珍貴的禮物，我非常喜歡它。5. 先行詞為代詞that時，為避免重復，其后的定語從句的引導詞多用which（非正式英語也用that）。如：He told me that which I had told you before.他告訴我的是以前我曾經(jīng)給你說過的那件事。五、在下列情況下，關系代詞一般用who（指人）1. 非限制性定語從句中，用who。如：Lincoln,who was murdered at a theatre in Washington,D.C.,died on April 15,1865.林肯在首都華盛頓的一家劇院被人暗殺，于1865年4月15日去世。2. 當不定代詞everybody（everyone），anybody（anyone），all one，ones等為先行詞時，關系代詞一般用who。如：One who doesnt work hard will never succeed.不努力的人永遠不會成功的。Is there anybody who can swim across the river?有人能游過這條河嗎？3.當先行詞為those或people時，關系代詞一般用who.Those who want to see the exhibition must sign their names here.要看這個展覽的人必須在這里簽名。People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.有時候，眼睛看得見的人也會做同樣的傻事。4.在被分割開來的定語從句中，先行詞為人時，關系代詞一般用who，如：I met a boy at the English Corner yesterday who can speak English fluently.昨天，我在英語角上遇