2014新版人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit_1_What's_the_matter單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)_2

1 Unit 1 What s the matter? 一、基本知識(shí)點(diǎn) 1. What s the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？ What s the trouble/ the problem / wrong with sb./ sth.? 2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu have a fever have a cough 咳嗽 have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache 牙疼 have a headache 頭疼 3. 身體部位 +ache（疼痛）構(gòu)成新的復(fù)合詞 stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache 后背痛 4. much too+ 詞，意為 ， too much+ 詞，意為 。 5. enough【形容、副詞】足夠的 /地， enough 放在名前后，形副后。 good enough 足夠好， enough money=money money 6. lie down 躺下， lie 躺，躺著，過去式 lay； lie 說謊，過去式 lied 7. maybe “或許”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。 Maybe you are right. may be，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +be 的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“可能，也許”，后加名詞、代詞或形容詞。 He may be angry. 8. sound like+名詞代詞和從句： It sounds like you don t know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容詞，“聽起來，好像”， The music sounds nice. 9. need 需要，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 need+名詞，需要某物； need to do sth.需要做某事，主語通常是人，表示人主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作： You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主語通常是物，表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作： Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off (the bus) 下（公交車） get on 上車 11. agree 同意，贊同；同意做某事 ，同意某人的看法、觀點(diǎn) 12. trouble 問題，麻煩 ； be in trouble ， make trouble ， have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doingsth 。 13. right away=right now=at once，意為 。 14.【復(fù)習(xí)】 advice 不可數(shù)名詞 勸告，建議，向征求意見 ， give sb. advice on sth.就某事給某人建議； advise 動(dòng)詞 advise sb. to do sth. advise sb. doing sth . 15. 【復(fù)習(xí)】 exercise 動(dòng)詞意為 2 16. hurt 及物動(dòng)詞，使疼痛，受傷， He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物動(dòng)詞，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly. 17. clean 【動(dòng)詞】 ， clean the classroom ， 【形容詞】 ， cleaner 意為 。 18. hit （用手或器具）打；擊打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的頭、鼻子、后背， on 用在所打較硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子， in 用在所打較軟的部位。 19. be used to sth./ doing sth.習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng)了、做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)； His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “變得習(xí)慣，逐漸適應(yīng)”強(qiáng)調(diào)過程、動(dòng)作： It s difficult for one to get used to another country s habit. 20. 【復(fù)習(xí)】 free 形容詞 空閑的 free time；免費(fèi)的 the drink is for free；自由的 I want to become a free bird. free【動(dòng)詞】使解脫，得到自由 He could not free his arm. 21. run out 用完，用盡 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物 sth. tun out. 某物用盡了。 人 sb. run out of 物 sth.人用盡了某物。 He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒險(xiǎn)去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒險(xiǎn) 23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的， unimportant adj. 24. decision 【名詞】決定；抉擇； make a decision make a decision to do sth.= 。 25. be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control 無法控制，無法管理 be under control 被控制住，在控制之中 26. 【復(fù)習(xí)】 mind 意為 ， mind doing sth. , Would you mind my opening the window? 27. give up (doing) sth. 放棄（做）某事， give up (playing) computer games； give up 后可接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)詞 ing 形式，也可不接， 如 Never give up easily. 3 二、重要短語 1. have a cold 2. have a stomachache 3. see sb. do sth. 4. shout for help 5. expect (sb.) to do sth. 6. to one s surprise 7. thanks to 8. think about 9. be interested in sth. 10. lose one s life 11. save one s life 12. take a risk=take risks 13. cut off 14. keep on doing sth. 三、重點(diǎn)語法 反身代詞 【反身代詞】英語中共有八個(gè)反身代詞，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意和它所指的相應(yīng)的對(duì)象在人稱、性別、數(shù)上保持一致。 數(shù) 人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 單數(shù) myself yourself himself herself itself 復(fù)數(shù) ourselves yourselves themselves 【用法】 1. 可用作賓語，指的是賓語和主語表示同一個(gè)或同一些的人或事物。 如： Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表語，指的是表語和主語表示同一個(gè)或同一些人或事物。 如： She isn t quite herself today. 3. 可用作主語或賓語的同位語，常用來加強(qiáng)語氣。 如： She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短語當(dāng)中。 look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顧自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自學(xué) enjoy oneself 玩得高興，過得愉快 help oneself to sth 請(qǐng)自用（隨便吃 /喝些） . hurt oneself 摔傷自己 say to oneself 自言自語 4 leave sb. by oneself 把某人單獨(dú)留下 buy oneself sth.給自己買東西 【提醒】 1. 反身代詞不能單獨(dú)做主語，但可以做主語的同位語，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。 如：我自己能完成作業(yè)。 （誤） Myself can finish my homework. (正 ) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 2. 反身代詞表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的東西”，因?yàn)樗鼪]有所有格的形式。表達(dá)“某人自己的（東西）”時(shí)，須要用 one s own. 如：我用我自己的蠟筆畫畫。（誤） I m drawing with myself crayons. (正 ) I m drawing with my own crayons. 【練習(xí)】 一、選擇適當(dāng)答案。 1. Those girls enjoyed _ in the party last night. A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself 2. Help _ to some fish, children. A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves 3. The film _ is very fun. A. it s B. itself C. it D. its 4. Who teaches _ math? I teach _. A. your, my self B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself 5. The father will make _ a bike _. A. her, himself B. she, himself C. her, herself D. she, herself 6. The scarf is _, she made it_. A. herself, her B. herself, hers C. hers, herself D. her, herself 7. Liu Hulan s death was great. She thought more of others than _. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself 8. Luckily, he didn t hurt _ terribly yesterday. A. him B. themselves C. himself D. they 9. I can t mend my shoe _. Can you mend it for _? A. myself, me B. myself, I C. me, I D. I, me 10. I like watching _ in the mirror. A. me B. I C. my D. myself 二、用適當(dāng)?shù)姆瓷泶~填空。 1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card for _ just now. 2. Bad luck! I cut _ with a knife yesterday. 3. They tell us they can look after_ very well. 5 4.