（江蘇專用）高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 主題36“記”健康飲食.doc

2013高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)（江蘇專用）主題36“記”：健康飲食1交叉使用長句與短句在英語寫作中，過多地使用長句或過多地使用短句都不好，正確的做法是，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況在文章中交替使用長句與短句，使文章顯得錯(cuò)落有致，這樣不僅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章讀起來鏗鏘有力。【例句】 中午我們曬著太陽吃著野餐。休息一會(huì)兒后，我們唱歌的唱歌，跳舞的跳舞，還有的講故事、下棋，大家玩得很開心。一般句：at noon we had a picnic in the sunshine.then we had a short rest.then we began to play happily.we sang and danced.some told stories.some played chess.優(yōu)秀句：at noon we had a picnic in the sunshine.after a short rest，we had great fun singing and dancing，telling stories and playing chess.2避免同一詞語的重復(fù)使用為了使文章更生動(dòng)、更富表現(xiàn)力，同學(xué)們?cè)趯懽鲿r(shí)應(yīng)盡量避免重復(fù)使用同一詞語來表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常談的詞語。如有的同學(xué)一看到“喜歡”二字，就會(huì)立刻想起like，事實(shí)上，英語中類似意思的詞和短語很多，如love，enjoy，prefer，appreciate，be fond of，care for等。【例句】 我喜歡讀書，而我的弟弟喜歡看電視。一般句：i like reading while my brother likes watching television.優(yōu)秀句：i like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.3適當(dāng)使用短語代替單詞【例1】 他已決定長大了當(dāng)老師。一般句：he has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.優(yōu)秀句：he has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.【例2】 他不大喜歡音樂。一般句：he doesnt like music.優(yōu)秀句：he doesnt care much for music.4恰當(dāng)套用某些固定表達(dá)方式【例1】 他太累了，不能再往前走了。一般句：he was very tired.he couldnt walk any further.優(yōu)秀句：he was too tired to walk any further.【例2】 這電影很有趣，學(xué)生和老師都很喜歡。一般句：the film was very interesting.both the teachers and the students liked it.優(yōu)秀句：the film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.5靈活改變句子開頭在通常情況下，英語句子的排列方式為“主語謂語賓語”，即主語位于句子開頭。若根據(jù)情況適當(dāng)改變句子的開頭方式，比如使用倒裝語序或以狀語開頭等，就會(huì)增強(qiáng)文章的表現(xiàn)力。【例1】 只有這樣你才能把它做好。一般句：you can do it well only in this way.優(yōu)秀句：only in this way can you do it well.【例2】 門開了，史密斯先生走了進(jìn)來。一般句：the door opened and mr.smith came in.優(yōu)秀句：the door opened and in came mr.smith.【例3】 在小山頂上有一座古廟。一般句：there stands an old temple at the top of the hill.優(yōu)秀句：at the top of the hill stands an old temple.6合理使用省略句合理恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂檬÷跃?，不僅可以使文章精煉、簡(jiǎn)潔，而且會(huì)使文章更具文采和可讀性。如：【例1】 他可能很忙，要是這樣，我以后再來拜訪。要是不忙，我現(xiàn)在可以見他嗎？一般句：he may be busy.if he is busy，i will call later.if he is not busy，can i see him now?優(yōu)秀句：he may be busy.if so，i will call later.if not，can i see him now?【例2】 她本可申請(qǐng)那份工作的，但她沒有。一般句：she could have applied for that job.but she didnt do so.優(yōu)秀句：she could have applied for that job，but she didnt.7適當(dāng)運(yùn)用非謂語結(jié)構(gòu) 非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)通常被認(rèn)為是一種高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，適當(dāng)運(yùn)用非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，會(huì)給人一種熟練駕馭語言的印象。【例1】 聽到這個(gè)消息他們都高興得跳了起來。一般句：when they heard the news，they all jumped with joy.優(yōu)秀句：hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.【例2】 由于不知道她的地址，我沒法和她聯(lián)系。一般句：as i didnt know her address，i wasnt able to get in touch with her.優(yōu)秀句：not knowing her address，i wasnt able to get in touch with her.8注意文章的過渡與銜接書面表達(dá)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是把銜接和連貫作為核心標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來要求的。之所以如此，是因?yàn)檫@是構(gòu)成語篇的最基本的條件。語句間的連接成分是衡量銜接與連貫很重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。構(gòu)成語篇連接成分的過渡詞語，被稱為“篇章紐帶”，其語篇銜接作用是不言而喻的，學(xué)生要學(xué)會(huì)正確恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠@些表示邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，使文章前后連貫，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、過渡自然。表示過渡與銜接的常用表達(dá)有：表示增加的過渡詞：also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，moreover，again，on top of that，another等表示時(shí)間順序的過渡詞：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally等表示空間順序的過渡詞：near，far from，in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right，to the left，around，on one side，outside等表示比較的過渡詞：in the same way，just like，just as等表示對(duì)照的過渡詞：but，still，yet，however，on the other hand，in spite of，even though等表示結(jié)果和原因的過渡詞：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，then，thus，otherwise等表示目的的過渡詞：for this reason，for this purpose，so that，in order that等表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的過渡詞：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，the most important等表示解釋說明的過渡詞：for example，in fact，in this case，for，actually等表示總結(jié)的過渡詞：finally，at last，in conclusion，as i have shown，in other words，in brief，as has been stated等9合理安排句型注意把意思相近、相似、互為補(bǔ)充的句子合為一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，使重點(diǎn)突出，并且要明確內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系。一般句：when it is my birthday，my mother will cook some dishes to celebrate my birthday，or she will give me some money to buy whatever i want.優(yōu)秀句：to celebrate my birthday，mother always cooks some dishes or gives me some money to buy whatever i want.改后的句子由兩句變?yōu)橐痪?，句意更易理解，邏輯更清楚。注意中文和英文兩種語言結(jié)構(gòu)上的差別。(1)英文常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而中文常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。the problem will be discussed tomorrow.明天討論這個(gè)問題。(2)中文中主語多為人稱代詞，而英文中，人稱代詞、名詞、動(dòng)名詞短語、不定式、從句等都能作主語。its important to learn english well.where and when the meeting will be held has not been decided.we aim at quality rather than quantity.teaching the children is the thing i like best.10綜合使用各類“高級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)【例1】 現(xiàn)在人人都知道這消息了，我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。一般句：now everyone knows the news.i think jim must have let it out.優(yōu)秀句：now everyone knows the news.i think it must be jim who has let it out.【例2】 我們所能做的只是站在那兒，設(shè)法抓住違章者。一般句：we had to stand there to catch the offender.優(yōu)秀句：what we had to do was stand there，trying to catch the offender.【例3】 如果她的發(fā)音不比她老師好的話，至少也不會(huì)比她老師的差。一般句：if her pronunciation is not better than her teachers，it is at least as good as her teachers.優(yōu)秀句：her pronunciation is as good as，if not better than，her teachers.11大膽使用高級(jí)詞匯新出臺(tái)的書面表達(dá)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生“盡量使用較復(fù)雜或較高級(jí)詞匯”并對(duì)由此產(chǎn)生的錯(cuò)誤采取了寬容的態(tài)度。這樣一來，不僅老師要求學(xué)生在力所能及的情況下嘗試使用高級(jí)詞匯，而且學(xué)生也很樂意通過幾個(gè)高級(jí)詞匯來顯示自己的水平和提高自己書面表達(dá)的檔次。那么，什么才叫高級(jí)詞匯呢？其實(shí)，這是一個(gè)并未嚴(yán)格界定且概念十分模糊的提法，主要指以下幾種情況：(1)大綱外的常用詞匯英語考試大綱中沒有卻又在閱讀時(shí)經(jīng)常碰上的詞匯，可視作高級(jí)詞匯。her dark eyes are very attractive.她的黑眼睛很迷人。(用attractive可視為比用beautiful高級(jí))is the manager available？經(jīng)理在不在？(用available可視為比用in高級(jí))i came across her in the street the other day.幾天前，我在街上碰巧遇見了她。(用the other day可視作比用a few days ago高級(jí))(2)綱內(nèi)詞匯的綱外用法有些詞匯雖在大綱之內(nèi)，但其用法是中學(xué)英語教材中不曾有或較少見的，若運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，可視為高級(jí)詞匯。hearing the news，i felt kind of discouraged。聽到這個(gè)消息，我感到有點(diǎn)泄氣。(kind of在此用作副詞，意為“有點(diǎn)”)(3)低級(jí)詞匯的高級(jí)用法有的簡(jiǎn)單詞匯由于結(jié)合使用了較新穎的表達(dá)形式，或在特定的語言環(huán)境下運(yùn)用得恰到好處，也可視為高級(jí)用法。he stood before his teacher silently，with his head down.他低著頭，一言不發(fā)地站在老師面前。(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用得好)the cat jumped over the short wall，up the stairs and then into a hole in the corner.貓?zhí)^矮墻，爬上樓梯，然后鉆進(jìn)了角落里的一個(gè)洞。(介詞over，up，into等用得較好)12適當(dāng)使用名言警句點(diǎn)綴在寫作時(shí)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況恰當(dāng)?shù)赜蒙弦粌删涿跃鋪睃c(diǎn)綴文章，不僅使文章顯得有深度、有智慧，而且會(huì)讓文章在評(píng)分中上一個(gè)檔次。通常在寫作中用得著的名言警句有：where there is a will，there is a way.有志者，事竟成。well begun is half done.好的開端是成功的一半。look before you leap./first think，then act.三思而后行。it is never too late to mend.亡羊補(bǔ)牢，猶未為晚。all roads lead to rome.條條大路通羅馬。art is long，but life is short.人生有限，學(xué)問無涯。it is good to learn at another mans cost.前車之鑒。 nothing is difficult to the man who will try.世上無難事，只要肯登攀。kill two birds with one stone.一石雙鳥。in doing we learn.經(jīng)一事，長一智。living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.沒有目標(biāo)的生活如同沒有羅盤的航行。you cant make something out of nothing.巧婦難為無米之炊。nothing is so certain as the unexpected.天有不測(cè)風(fēng)云，人有旦夕禍福。nothing so bad but might be a blessing.塞翁失馬，焉知非福。13布局謀篇合理化在寫作中，我們可按時(shí)間、空間或其他邏輯順序來安排各要點(diǎn)，同時(shí)為使主題突出，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，我們應(yīng)注意學(xué)習(xí)和使用交代句和主題句?？聪铝蟹段模簅pinions are divided on the questions.60%_of_the_students_are_against_the_idea_of_entrance_fees.they believe a public park should be free of charge.people need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.charging entrance fee will no doubt keep some people away.what is more，it will become necessary to build gates