表語(yǔ)從句講解.doc

表語(yǔ)從句一 定義表語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)或身份，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或者怎么樣?？傊碚Z(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)的解釋和說(shuō)明，是主語(yǔ)具體化，并且常與連系動(dòng)詞一起使用。This book looks expensive. (形容詞做表語(yǔ))We are Chinese. (名詞做表語(yǔ))表語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的從句, 就叫做表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句一般放在系動(dòng)詞之后,結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”。連系動(dòng)詞：be動(dòng)詞、表示持續(xù)的系動(dòng)詞（keep, remain, stay）、感官動(dòng)詞look(看起來(lái))，feel(摸起來(lái)，感覺) , smell(聞起來(lái)) , sound(聽起來(lái)) , taste(嘗起來(lái)，吃起來(lái)) 等、表示變化的系動(dòng)詞（become, grow, turn, fall, get, go,）、表終止的系動(dòng)詞prove, turn out(結(jié)果是，證明是)、seem, appear（看起來(lái)）連系動(dòng)詞通常不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已經(jīng)成為了他10年前想成為的。His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建議是，我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜。二表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞1.從屬連詞：that / whether /as if /as though/as/because(1) that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句本身沒(méi)有詞義，在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。That fact is that more than seventy percent of the earths surface is covered by water.連接詞that一般不能省略，但當(dāng)主句中含動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，that可以省略。What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是走到身邊去感謝他。(2) whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句表示“是否”,但不充當(dāng)句子的成分。The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.if 與whether均意為“是否”，但引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用whether, 不能用if。(3)as if/though“好像”，引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)態(tài).如果句中的情況與事實(shí)不相符，從句多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式；如果從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“had + 過(guò)去分詞 ”，如果從句表示將來(lái)的可能性不大，用would (might ,could )+動(dòng)詞原形.Li Lei is now in a new jacket. He looks as if he were an American boy. (現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon. It seems as if she had been to the moon many times. （與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）It looks as if it might rain. （與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反）但是，如果as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句所表示的與事實(shí)相符，從句則用陳述語(yǔ)氣。The clouds are gathering. It looks as if is going to rain.(4) as引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起來(lái)還與十年前一樣。(5) because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句常用結(jié)構(gòu)：This/That/It is/was becauseThat is because I dont like Chinese.2.連接代詞：who/whom/whose/what/which/whoever/whatever/whichever/whomever，在表語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。Tom is no longer what he used to be. (what做表語(yǔ))The problem is who is fit for this job. (who做主語(yǔ))This is what I want to tell you. (what做賓語(yǔ))The problem is whose work is the best. (whose做定語(yǔ))3.連接副詞：when/where/how/why，在表語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)。The question is how he did it. 問(wèn)題是他是如何做此事的。The question is where we can live. 問(wèn)題是我們能住在哪兒。三 注意一reason做主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)中包含事件的起因時(shí),后面的表語(yǔ)從句表示原因時(shí)要用that來(lái)引導(dǎo),而不用because；why引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)，不用because。The reason is that he got up late.Why he is late is that he got up late.二. that is why/because(1) That is why .是常用句型,其中why引導(dǎo)的從句在句中作表語(yǔ),該句型通常用于針對(duì)前面已經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié)。That is the reason why .與That is why .是同義的，“這就是的原因/因此”，但是從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上講That is the reason why .中的why引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)) That is the reason why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)) (2) That is because句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語(yǔ)，這也是個(gè)常用句型，意為“這就是因?yàn)椤?。That is because I got up late. 這是因?yàn)槲移鸫策t了。(3) “That is because.”與“That is why.”之間的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由， “That is why.”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果。I was angry. That was because he didnt understand me.我生氣是因?yàn)樗焕斫馕摇?表語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)Thats why he got fired from that firm.那正是他被公司解雇的原因。(表語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)三. The reason (why/for)is /was that. 的原因是The reason for his absence is that he got up late.The reason why he is absent is that he got up late.他缺席的原因是他起床遲了。四. 使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表語(yǔ)從句在表示建議、勸告、命令、計(jì)劃含義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should可省略。常見的詞有：advice，suggestion，order，request，proposal，plan，idea等。My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s _you left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there4The problem is _to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填6. The reason is_I missed the bus. A. that B. when C. why D. what7. That is _ _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what8. She looked _ she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though9.I fell sick!-I think it is _ you are doing too much. A. why B. when C. what D. because 10. The reason why he hasnt come is _. A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill11. He was born here.- That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. whythat/what的區(qū)別1_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are2. The trouble is_we are short of tools. A. what B. that C. how D. why that3. America was _was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_ . A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be 5. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. What what D. That what6. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such高考練習(xí)1 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .Is that_ you had a few days off？（NMET1999）A. why B .what C. when D. where 2 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella _I got wet through. （1998 上海）A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning. （06 全國(guó)）A. when B. which C. where D. what4. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?(2003北京春) -Oh,