一.句子成分及結(jié)構(gòu).doc

句子成分及結(jié)構(gòu)你知道嗎？英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)組成是與漢語有著很大區(qū)別的。我們在學(xué)習(xí)的時候，很多同學(xué)受母語的影響太大，在英文寫作時完全按照漢語的順序?qū)⒂⑽倪M(jìn)行堆砌，這是因為我們對于英文句子的構(gòu)成尚未掌握或掌握得不熟練，沒有形成英語語言習(xí)慣。一學(xué)了這么久的英語了，你對英語的句子成分真的清楚，理解嗎？1 主語：_1)Mr. Chen is a great scientist. ( 作主語)2)Smoking is harmful to the health. ( 作主語)2 謂語：_1)The new term begins on September 1st .2)She seems tired. 3 賓語：_Wang Ling lent me a novel. (代詞me作_；名詞a novel作_)4 賓語補足語：_1） They call me Lily sometimes. ( 作賓補)2） He asked her to take the boy out of school. （ 作賓補）5 表語：_The baby is asleep. ( 作表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)是“睡著的”)6 定語：_注意：1)He is reading an interesting book. 2)I have something important to tell you. 7 狀語：_He came here to see you. 課堂習(xí)題（你知道下列句子 劃線部分 在句子當(dāng)中是充當(dāng)什么成分嗎？）1. The students got on the school bus.2. They went hunting together early in the morning.3. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.4. They are working on the farm now.5. Seeing is believing.6. His wish is to become a scientist.7. To catch the train, I got up early yesterday.8. Would you please tell me your address?9. He sat there, reading a newspaper.10. He noticed a man enter the room.二了解了句子成分了之后，我們再來學(xué)習(xí)一下句子類型：根據(jù)語法形式，即句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，英語的句子可分為_、_ 和 _。1簡單句_你能舉例子嗎？簡單句的基本句型：簡單句有以下5種基本句型。 -（復(fù)雜一些的句子無不是由這些簡單句演變而來的。）1）例句：1. The sun was shining. 2. The moon rose. 3 We all breathe, eat, and drink. 4. They talked for half an hour. 總結(jié)：_2）例句：1. She smiled her thanks. 2. He enjoys reading. 3. I met John in the street yesterday. 4. They enjoy the play. 總結(jié)：_3）例句：1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. Everything looks different. 4. His face turned red. 總結(jié)：_補充：常見的系動詞有：_注：這類型的句子沒有_語態(tài) Because the fruit _ very delicious, it _ very well. A. is tasted; sells B. tastes; is sold C. tastes; sells D. is tasted; is sold _ very reasonable, the idea was widely accepted by us.A. Sounded B. To sound C. Sounding D. Sound4）例句：1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I gave my car a wash. 總結(jié)：_ 常見的雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)： bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.) leave sb. sth (leave sth.to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb) return sb. sth (return sth to sb) show sb sth (show sth. to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb ) 5）例句：1. The war made him a soldier.2. New methods make the job easy.3. The teacher asks the students to close the windows. 4. I saw a cat running across the road.總結(jié)：_ 注意：當(dāng)賓語意思表達(dá)不完整時，需要補充說明賓語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)等。用作賓語補足語的通常有名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式等。當(dāng)謂語動詞為see, hear , watch, feel 等感官動詞或者let, have , make 等使役動詞時，如果不定式作賓語補足語，必須省略to。2并列句 _其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句。注意：并列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。舉舉例子呢：3. 復(fù)合句 _注意：1. 并列句和復(fù)合句都是以簡單句為基本單位的，但并列句中的各個簡單句都是同等重要的，沒有主次之分。而復(fù)合句中的各個組成部分并非同等重要，其中總有一個獨立小句（或稱“主句”），和一個或一個以上的從屬小句（或稱“從句”），主句往往可以獨立存在。復(fù)合句可分為： 1)._2)._1 _ 2 _3 _4 _5 _6 _7 _8. _3)._ 1. _2. ._ 3. _ 4. _判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?8. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.單項選擇1. Im sorry, _ can you tell me how to get to the school? A. for B. and C. but D. then2. Just because they make more money than I do, _ they seem to look down on me. A. so B. and C. but D. 不填3. Although he had only entered the contest for fun, _ he won first prize. A. but B. and C. even D. 不填4. If wishes were horses, _ beggars would ride. A. and B. so C. or D. 不填5. Work harder, _ you will lose your job in this company. A. so B. then C. and D. or6. He has been working hard recently, and _ I dont think he can make it. A. / B. but C. still D. yet7. The point is not who said the words, _ they are true or not. A. but whether B. and whether C. but how D. and how8. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. A. whom B. where C. which D. while9. _, so he didnt come to school last night. A. Although he was ill B. Being ill C. Having been ill D. He was ill10. He bought a lot of boo