初三英語定語從句講解及-練習(xí).doc

定語從句的用法和精練一、定語從句的概念 在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。定語從句在句子中的功能類似于一個(gè)形容詞用于修飾名詞或代詞，由于它是以句子為單位的超大號形容詞（較長），所以 一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞的后面，而被修飾的名詞或代詞放在定語從句前，叫做先行詞。 二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。常見的關(guān)系代詞包括：that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,在從句中做主、賓、表、定語等成分。常見的關(guān)系副詞包括：where, when, why等。在從句中做時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等狀語。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語從句的重要成分。 三、定語從句的分類 根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補(bǔ)充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、關(guān)系代詞的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時(shí)不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語) 3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國人。(作主語) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語) 注意:(1)當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔?。This is the house that we lived in last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印＃ㄟ@里不能用 in that） Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。 Please tell me who you borrowed the English novel from.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。 (3)that 作介詞的賓語時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。 (4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況: a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。 b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎? c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。 d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰? f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。 (5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況: a.先行詞為that, those時(shí),用which, 而不用that.例如: Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么? b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。 c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。 五、關(guān)系副詞的用法 (1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語。例如: This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。 (2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如: This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。 (3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。 一、用關(guān)系代詞（that、which、who、whom、whose）或關(guān)系副詞（when、where、why）填空。1Thisistheman_wantstoseeyou.2Thestudent_answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3Theman_youwenttoseehascome.4Theman_Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5Thewoman_yousawisourgeographyteacher.6Hereisthepen_youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.7Thesebooks_youlentmewereveryuseful.8Aclockisamachine_tellspeoplethetime.9Thisistheshirt_Iboughtyesterday.10Thebook_isonthetableismine.11Thefilm_theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.12Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_Ihaveevervisited.13Isthereanyone_familyisinBeijing?14Showmetheboy_motherisawell-knownsinger.15Theboy_fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.16.Idontknowthereason_hewaslatefortheclass.17Abirthdayisthedate_onewasborn.18Doyouknowthereason_noonequestionedAristotlestheoryforabout2,000years?19Doyoustillrememberthedays_wespenttogetherlastterm?20Shanghaiisthecity_Iwasborn.21Thehouse_Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.22Istillremembertheday_Ifirstcametotheschool.23Thetime_wegottogetherfinallycame.24Pleasetellmethereason_youmissedtheplane.25.Idontknowthereason_helooksunhappytoday.26Everything_Iknowwillbetaughttothestudents.27Thisisthebestfilm_Ihaveeverseen.28Themanagerwalkedtowardthegate_theworkersarewaiting.29.Youcant gointothisroom_theyarehavingameeting.30Istillrememberthedays_westudiedtogether.31Thepicture_hasahouseandflowersistheoneIlikebest.32Hefailedintheexam,_surprisedusall.33.Herparentswouldntlethermarryanyone_familywaspoor.34Tom,_parentsarepoorworkers,alwaysgoeshungry.二、單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.Thisisthebag_mymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this()2.Theman_livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whomB.whichC.whoD./()3.Thegirl_yousawinthestreetisMary.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as()4.Isthisthefactory_alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom()5.Isthisfactory_alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.thatC.whichD./()6.Theonlylanguage_iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.thatC./D.it()7.Thegirlhandedeverything_shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all()8._cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.ThatB.WhoC.TheonewhoD.Thestudentswho()9.Pleaseshowmethebook_youboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.this()10.Thisisthebestbook_Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.whoB.whomC.whichD./()11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_writtenbyhim.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are()12.Theman_washerejustnowisadoctor.A.whomB.whoC./D.he()13.Theboy_hastwolovelydogs.A.wholivenextdoorB.whichlivesnextdoorC.whomlivesnextdoorD.thatlivesnextdoor()14.Those_madenomistakesintodaysexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who()15.Dontgoin,thisistheshop_wehavejustbeen_.A./,toB.that,/C.where,toD.which,there()16.Heisthemostcarefulboy_Iknow.A.whatB.whichC.asD./()17.Thisistheschool_Mr.Smithoncetaught.A.inthatB.whenC.whereD.there ()18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_thefamousscientistwasborn?A.whereB.inthatC.thatD.which()19.Thefactory_Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which()20.Doyoustillremembertheday_wefirstmet?A.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthat()21.Thetime_westudiedtogetherisnoteasilyforgotten.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.inwhich()22.October1,1949istheday_wellneverforget.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.inwhich()23.October1,1949wastheday_thePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.inwhich()24.Isthistheshop_sellschildrensclothing?A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what()25.Isthismuseum_theyvisitedlastmonth?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone()26.Istillrememberthesitting-room_mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1Thefilmisinteresting.Theysawitlastnight._2Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydontworkhard._3Theladyisourteacher.Yousawherjustnow._4Iwasreadingabook.Thebookisaboutaboy._5HeistheyoungwriterHewrotethebook_6IlikeChineseteawithnothinginit.IlikeChinesetea_nothinginit7ThegirlwhoiswearingtheredcoatisverycleverThegirl_theredcoatisveryclever8ThestrangethingwiththreelegswasusedfordrinkinglongbeforeThestrangething_threelegswasusedfordrinkinglongbefore參考答案答案：1.that2.that3.where4.where5.when6.which/that8.which9.that10.whose11.whose一單項(xiàng)選擇定語從句15ACABA610BCCAD1115CBDDA1620DCABB2126BBBADD二在下列定語從句中，用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1.with2.through3.from4.by5.of6.under7.without8.to9.in10.at11.on12.on13.of14.against15.of I.單項(xiàng)填空。 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father? -Yes, hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees