江蘇省高三英語考前贏分30天第17天.doc

江蘇省2013年高三英語考前贏分30天第17天核心知識動詞不定式的簡介動詞不定式是一種非限定性動詞，由to動詞原形構(gòu)成，但在有些情況下to可以省略。在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語。它具有動詞的性質(zhì)，本身可以帶賓語和狀語。動詞不定式在句中可以作除了謂語之外的任何成分，還可用在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，而且有完成式、進(jìn)行式、完成進(jìn)行式和否定形式。動詞不定式的被動形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進(jìn)行式。一、動詞不定式的時態(tài)、語態(tài)(以make為例)主動形式被動形式一般式(not) to make(not) to be made完成式(not) to have made(not) to have been made進(jìn)行式(not) to be making完成進(jìn)行式(not) to have been making二、疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表 語等。如： 經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動詞有：consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, learn, observe, understand, wonder等。三、動詞不定式的語法功能1作賓語1) 動詞+ 不定式afford; aim; agree; arrange; decide; care; come; dare; demand; desire; determine; expect; hope; fail; happen; help; hesitate; learn; long; mean; manage; offer; ought; plan; prepare; pretend;promise; refuse; seem; tend; wait; wish.2）動詞+疑問詞+ to3) 當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式時，先用形式賓語it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語之后，即：主語動詞it補(bǔ)語to do句式。如： we think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. 3作主語動詞不定式作主語時，句子的謂語動詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： to get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： itbe名詞to do its our duty to take good care of the old. it takes sb. + some time +to do how long did it take you to finish the work? itbe形容詞for sb.to do it is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. itbe形容詞of sb.to do it is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. it seems(appears)形容詞to do it seemed impossible to save money. 4、作表語不定式作表語表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼?；動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。 如：my chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. 6、作狀語1）目的狀語to only to (僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so(such) as to (如此以便)he ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。2）結(jié)果狀語he searched the room only to find nothing.3) 原因狀語 im glad to see you.經(jīng)典例題1. the chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.a. sitb. sit onc. be satd. be sat on2. paul doesnt have to be made _. he always works hard.a. learnb. to learnc. learnedd. learning考前贏分第17天 愛練才會贏前日回顧1. they have no idea at all _. a. where he has gone b. where did he go c. which place has he gone d. where has he gone 2. the doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. a. that b. which c. of which d. of that 3. the order came _ the soldiers _ the small village the next morning. a. that; had to leave b. that; should leave c. /; must leave d. when; should leave當(dāng)天鞏固1. he was to_ the new ambassador, but he fell ill. a. having telephonedb. have telephonedc. has telephonedd. telephoning2. lots of empty bottles were found under the old mans bed. he must have done nothing but _.a. drink b. to drink c. drinking d. drunk3. henry always forgets things he has done. yesterday he forgot _ and looked for it everywhere. a. to post the letter b. to have the letter posted c. to have posted the letter d. having posted the letter4. i felt tired with walking, so i stopped _ a break. a. having b. to have c. taking d. to taking5. he asked me if he had to_. a. be operated b. operate c. operate on d. be operated on6. it is master wu who taught us _ the machine. a. ran b. how to run c. how could run d. what to deal with7. the teacher got the students _ all the words they didnt