江蘇省南京市東山外國語學(xué)校高中英語 Unit 4 同步導(dǎo)學(xué)練 選修7.doc

江蘇省南京市東山外國語學(xué)校高中英語選修七 unit 4 同步導(dǎo)學(xué)練一、 同步導(dǎo)學(xué)目標(biāo)點擊：了解學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)，你就理清本章脈絡(luò)了！一、 語言技能1、 閱讀一篇關(guān)于世界上第一輛地鐵和一篇關(guān)于交通事故和交通安全的文章。2、 學(xué)會用英語談?wù)摻煌皢栐兘煌ㄐ畔ⅰ?、 學(xué)會用縮寫記錄重要信息。4、 懂得交通安全，避免交通事故二、 語言知識1、 掌握本單元詞匯，表達(dá)與本單元相關(guān)的話題，做到發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確，拼寫正確。2、 掌握分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作定語和狀語的用法。三、 情感態(tài)度培養(yǎng)學(xué)生主動參與英語活動的意識，深刻理解課文內(nèi)容，培養(yǎng)交通意識，避免交通事故及驕傲于人類關(guān)于交通方面的重大發(fā)明。四、 學(xué)習(xí)策略善于發(fā)現(xiàn)和總結(jié)語言規(guī)律；利用課內(nèi)外資源，拓寬學(xué)習(xí)渠道；充分利用小組活動提高自己的英語交際能力。五、 文化意識了解世界交通工具的發(fā)展歷史，認(rèn)識到交通給人類帶來便利的同時也帶來了安全隱患。難點點撥：解決了難點，定能勝人一籌。重點詞匯1、 transport vt . 輸送，運(yùn)送，運(yùn)輸（貨物，人等）課本原句：transport is an important part of out lives. 交通運(yùn)輸是我們生活的重要組成部分 .補(bǔ)充例句： that yellow bus transports passengers from airport to the city.那輛黃色公共汽車將乘客從機(jī)場運(yùn)送到城里。the goods were transported by plane.那些物品是用飛機(jī)運(yùn)輸?shù)摹Ｏ嚓P(guān)鏈接：1）美國用 transportation ; 英國用transport 2) transport cafe（英）公路廉價餐廳2、 underground n. 地鐵課本例句：welcome to the london underground，or as it is commonly known, the tube . 歡迎來到倫敦的地下通道,也就是大家所知的地鐵.補(bǔ)充例句：we must go there by underground ,only by this way can we get there on time. 我們必須坐地鐵到那兒，只有這樣才能按時到。相關(guān)鏈接：adj. 地下的，在地下的補(bǔ)充：an underground passage 地下通道adv. 在地下補(bǔ)充：go underground (組織，人等) 潛入地下3、 pick up 和drop off課本原句：buses have routes. they pick up and drop off people at different places on the route. 公共汽車在不同的地方搭客或讓客人下車.1）pick up vt.課文中意為用車、船等搭載客人，駕車出去迎接等.注可分開用pick up補(bǔ)充例句：i am busy today, so i will ask tom to pick you up at the station？我今天忙,我將讓湯姆去車站接你. 相關(guān)鏈接：pick up 基本意:vt. （可分開用）拾起； 采取例句：i told you the news that i picked up a coin on the road.我告訴你個好消息我在路上拾到一枚硬幣。 vi. vt. （可分開用）（健康，景氣，事態(tài)）恢復(fù)，使恢復(fù)；變好例句：i believe things will pick up soon.我相信事情很快就會好轉(zhuǎn)。 vt. (可分開用) （偶然地）發(fā)現(xiàn)，得到；得到（知識，利益等）；可耳聞而學(xué)會例句：he picked up the book in a most unlikely place.他在一個非常令人意想不到的地方得到那本書。 vt.（可分開用）探出，接收，收聽（廣播）例句：i have been told that he often picks up voa programs。有人告訴我他經(jīng)常收聽美國之音節(jié)目。2）drop off 課文中意為：（從車等）下車，使（人）下車。（詞組可分開用）補(bǔ)充例句：i can drop you off at your place.我可以讓你在你的住處下車。 vi. (數(shù)量，興趣等)減低，逐漸消失。補(bǔ)充例句：interest in the work has dropped off. 對那工作的興趣已逐漸消失。4、 over prep.課文原句：aeroplanes are used to travel quickly over long distances. 飛機(jī)被用于長距離范圍內(nèi)快速旅行.課本中意：（表示期間）之中，在中一直，知道結(jié)束 補(bǔ)充例句：we stayed there over christmas.我們于圣誕節(jié)期間停留在那兒。 注：over通常表示比 through (out)較短的期間。5、 boundary n.（復(fù)數(shù)-ries）1） 界線，邊界課文原句：however, most trains into london only went to the distant boundary of the city. 可是,大多數(shù)開往倫敦的火車都在城市的邊界上.補(bǔ)充例句：the river forms the boundary between the two states. 那條河流成為兩州的界線。2） 界限，范圍例句：it is beyond the boundaries of human knowledge.那超越人類的知識范圍。6、 cause damage to 使受到損害課文原句：building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings. 修建進(jìn)入城市的鐵軌將會破壞許多歷史建筑物.亦可用： do damage to補(bǔ)充例句：his careless remake did damage to his reputation. 他說話不謹(jǐn)慎，對他的名聲造成了損害。7、 choke off課本原句：unfortunately, the increased number of vehicles on the road choked off traffic. 不幸地是, 大量增加的車輛堵塞了交通.補(bǔ)充例句：the chimney is choked off with soot . 那煙囪被煙垢堵住.課本中意：阻塞相關(guān)鏈接：choke back 抑制（憤怒，悲痛）choke down勉強(qiáng)咽下（食物）choke up 悶住，噎??；激動的說不出話來8、 beneath prep. adv.課本原句：the first tunnels were opened in 1863 and were just beneath the surface of the ground. 第一條地下通道建于1863年, 就在地面之下.1） 課本中意：在之下補(bǔ)充例句：the ground beneath my feet was soft. 我腳下的地面是柔軟的。2） 不足取，不適合such words are beneath you.9、 link up 連接，結(jié)合課本原句: sixteen years later, in 1884, the metropolitan railway company and the metropolitan district railway linked up and provided the underground service in the middle of the city. 16年后,就是1884年,大都會鐵路公司和大都會區(qū)鐵路公司聯(lián)合起來在城市中心提供地鐵服務(wù). 補(bǔ)充例句1：the two companies linked up to hold a charity event. 兩家公司聯(lián)合舉辦了一場慈善活動。補(bǔ)充例句2：we link up with the company. 我們與該公司攜手合作。10、 accelerate the pace of 加快的步伐課本原句：these new ways of digging accelerated the pace of the london undergrounds development. 這些新的挖掘方法加快了倫敦地鐵的發(fā)展步伐.補(bǔ)充例句：this meeting accelerated the pace of educational reforms. 這次會議加快了教育改革的步伐。11、 be responsible for 對負(fù)責(zé)任課本原句：an architect called charles holden was responsible for designing many of these stations. 一個叫charles holden的人負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計了許多線路.補(bǔ)充例句：parents are responsible for their childrens safety. 父母親應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)子女的安全。n. responsibility12、 function as 用作，起的作用課本原句：during world war ii, when london was bombed, many underground stations functioned as bomb shelters.第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,倫敦遭到轟炸,許多地鐵站都充當(dāng)了防空避難所.補(bǔ)充例句：the room functions as a meeting room. 這個房間用作會議室。13、 permit sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事課本原句：visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system. 請光臨我們的售票處,選擇購買一張允許你乘坐倫敦地鐵系統(tǒng)所有地鐵線的乘 車卡 補(bǔ)充例句：the man permitted her to park there. 那個人允許她在那里停車。14、 arise from sth. 或 arise out of sth. 因某事而產(chǎn)生課本原句：the number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year. 在過去一年里, 交通事故的數(shù)量以及交通事故所引發(fā)的死亡人數(shù)急劇上升 .補(bǔ)充例句：there are more and more family problems arising from the lack of communication.因缺乏交流而引出的家庭問題越來越多。15、 invitation 活潑，導(dǎo)致，引誘，慫恿課本原句：this lack of control is an invitation to accidents. 車身失控就會誘發(fā)事故.補(bǔ)充例句：he shows me an invitation to the membership. 他給我以入會的誘惑。要點梳理： 抓住了考點，你就能歸納好重點、難點一、 詞組短語16、 over long distance 在長距離范圍內(nèi).17、 be powered by 由提供能量.18、 the increased number of 急速增加的數(shù)量19、 lead to 導(dǎo)致20、 it is decided that 決定21、 beneath the surface 在地面下.22、 pull through 擺脫,度過難關(guān).23、 it is convenient to sb.在某人方便的時候.24、 set up 建立; 創(chuàng)立.25、 under the authority of 在的管理下.26、 in honor of 為記念.27、 why not.? 為何不.28、 travel cards 乘車卡.29、 bomb shelters 防空避難所.30、have air connections with 和有航線往來.1、 pick up 搭載人；拾起；恢復(fù)；（偶然）發(fā)現(xiàn)，得到；接收2、 drop off 下車；（數(shù)量）減低，逐漸消失3、 cause damage to 使受到損害4、 choke off 阻塞5、 link up 連接，結(jié)合6、 accelerate the pack of 加快7、 be responsible for 對負(fù)責(zé)任8、 in use 使用中9、 function as 用作，起作用10、 permit sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事11、 wash away沖走12、 under repair 在修理中13、 arise from sth 因某事產(chǎn)生14、 be in good condition 情況良好15、 be up to sb.不是某人的責(zé)任；由（某人）決定二、 重點句型1 in 1854, it was decided that the metropolitan railway company could build an underground railway between paddington and farringdon.2 as more advanced ways of digging tunnels were developed, the first railway tunnel under the river thames was dug in 1884. 3 having seen the situation, a wealthy american businessman, charles yerkes, tried to improve the system by buying many of the different lines and setting up the underground group.4 they have done so in the hope that people will take notice of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars.5 this lack of control is an invitation to accidents.6 it is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.三、 語法要點分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作定語和作狀語1、動詞-ing作定語，一般放在所修飾詞的前面，如果是動詞-ing短語，一般放在所修飾詞的后面。動詞-ing作定語有三個作用：1）它與修飾詞之間有主動關(guān)系或正在進(jìn)行；2）說明被修飾詞的用途；3）相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，可接受副詞的修飾。例如： is mark in the reading room?邁克在閱覽室嗎？（說明room的作用）china is a developing country.中國是一個發(fā)展中的國家。（說明中國正在發(fā)展）this is an interesting book.這是一本有趣的書。（interesting 相當(dāng)于一個形容詞）the boy standing there is a newcomer.站在那里的那個男孩是個新生。（standing there 放在被修飾詞之后，作定語）2、動詞-ing 作狀語。它可表示時間、原因、方式或伴隨情況。1）表示時間：在意義上相當(dāng)于一個由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。例如： seeing her mother, she felt very happy.=when she saw her mother, she felt very happy.看到媽媽，她感到很高興。turning round ,john found an ambulance driving up.=when he turned round, john found an ambulance driving up.轉(zhuǎn)過身時，john發(fā)現(xiàn)一輛救護(hù)車開了過來。注意：句中動詞-ing表示的是一個極短暫的動作，這動作一發(fā)生，謂語的動作立即發(fā)生，只有少數(shù)動詞能這樣，這種狀語一般都放在句子前部，如果兩個動作是完全同時發(fā)生的，多用when/while加動詞-ing這種結(jié)構(gòu)。when leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.離開飛機(jī)場時，他們向我們頻頻揮手。如果動詞-ing表示的動作完成了以后，謂語動詞才發(fā)生，則動詞-ing 需用完成式。having finished his homework, he went out to play football.=after he (had) finished his homework, he went out to play football.2) 表伴隨：動詞-ing 做伴隨行為狀語的動作幾乎與謂語動詞的動作或狀態(tài)是同時發(fā)生的，只不過次要些，是讀謂語表示的動作或狀態(tài)的補(bǔ)充說明，一般放在句子后面，有時用逗號隔開。例如：they sat on the playground, chatting.他們坐在操場上聊天。the girl came to the hall, following her mother.這女孩跟在她母親后來廳。3） 表原因：相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。not having received a reply, i wrote again,= as i hadnt received a reply, i wrote again.因為沒有得到答復(fù)， 我又寫了一次。being a student, he preferred going to the library to the shop.=as he was a student,因為他是學(xué)生，和逛商店比起來他更喜歡去圖書館。4） 表方式：we chinese eat using chopsticks.我們中國人吃飯用筷子。注意：動詞-ing 的否定式是直接在動詞-ing前面加not，如果是完成式，可在having done前面加not，也可加在having后done之前。例如：having not seen her mother , the little girl cried.=not having seen her mother, the little girl cried 沒有見到母親，這小女孩哭起來。二、 同步測評同步測評一 welcome to the unit 8 reading知識的累積與運(yùn)用、單詞拼寫 (句首字母已給出)1.up to now, many people have agreed that t_ is an important part of our lives. 2.in the 19th century, s_ trains helped people travel all over the world. 3.in the past, many old men dont believe buses can carry people o_ long distance. 4.if you go to britain, you will see the sign an the station, “welcome to the london u_”. 5.most trains went to the distant b_ of the city in the northern part of the country. 6.cars on the road can c_ off traffic, so some experts dont agree cars mass production. 7.the first tunnels were just b_ the surface of the ground. 8.sometimes, traveling on these lines was very i_. so you had better go by car. 9.many caves in the mountains f_ as bomb shelters during war times. 10.some experts in this field think this helps make the system more u_.、單項1the goods were _ by plane, so we can get them quickly, please dont worry.a. transport b. transported c. transportation d. transportable2the increasing number of cars on the road _ traffic. this is the reason why we cant get here on time.a. choke back b. choke down c. choke off d. choke up3 only your father can permit you _ there, am i right? need i ask for his permission.a. go b. to go c. went d. having gone4 sometimes, some adverbs _ as adjectives. you must pay attention to it when you read the english text.a. are functioned b. function c. were functioned d. functions5 i want to tell you good news, that is the two clubs will link_ to hold a meeting.a. up b. with c. along d. down6 it is reported that meeting _ the pace of the reforms in the past ten years.ahas increased b .has accelerated c. has accumulated d. has accrued7 _ the situation，charles tried to improve the system by buying many of the different lines and setting up the company. a. seeing b. seen c. to see d. having seen8 some old man said that in 1956 frost caused heavy damage _ the crops, many people had no food to eat.a. on b. for c. to d. onto 9 please tell me as soon as possible. _ if i come at 6 p. m.?a. are you convenient b. are you inconvenientc. is it convenient to you d. you are convenient10 before the liberation, the chinese communist party _ to organize activities, many brave man lost their lives. a. went underground b. went to undergroundc. go underground d. goes underground體驗與欣賞 短文填詞 (句首字母已給出)after the second world war (1)e_ in 1945, more people traveled on the (2)u_ , so more lines were added. this included the victoria line that (3)l_ with other lines at almost every station. this helped make the system more (4)u_. the last line added was the jubilee line in 1977 (5)i _ the twenty-fifth (6)a _of queen elizabeths crowning.the london underground system is working to (7)t_ millions of people effectively as it has done for many years. three (8)m_ people travel on the underground every day. the (9)n_ of the underground system includes twelve lines and now goes twenty-six miles out of central london. so why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today? visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel (10)c_ that permit you to travel all over the underground system.、閱讀理解some exports say that a sign is another kind of language. here are some of them that you see on the roads. number one is a sign with the number thirty on it. when drivers see this sign, they must not go at more than thirty kilometers an hour. we see this sign when we are getting near a town. number two is a sign that were near a crossing. we must drive carefully. number three is asign that there is a bend in the road. again, we must drive slowly and carefully. it is not safeto go round a bend very fast. number four is a sign that there is another road coming in from the right. there is a junction at this place. number five is a sign that there is a hill and number six is a sign that the road gets narrow. drivers must go slowly and carefully. number seven has the word “school” on it. this is a sign that there is a school at the side of the street or the road. perhaps there are children going to or leaving school. so drivers must look carefully and go slowly. number eight is a sign with the letter “p” on it. the letter “p” means “parking”. at some places, therere the signs “no parking” or “no waiting”. if a driver leaves his car near one of these signs, a policeman may come and write down the number of his car. 1 at the places where you see sign 1, _.a there must be many houses and buildings not far awayb you still have thirty kilometers to goc there must be a town thirty kilometers awayd you are already out of a town2 you have to drive not only slowly but also carefully when you find_.a each of the eight signs b either of signs 2 and 3c all of signs 3, 5, 6 and 7 d any of signs 3, 5, 6 and 73 a driver can leave his car_.a near a sign with “no parking” on itb near sign 8 at any timec near a sign with “no waiting” if therere no police thered near a sign with “p” on it in the daytime4 people put these signs on the roads to_.a. show drivers the way b. stop cars going too fastc. make driving even safer d. learn another kind of language表達(dá)與交流、對話填空policeman： now, jimmy, did you get a good(1)v_ of the accident? jimmy： oh, yes. i was standing (2)o the bank building and i saw it all quite(3) c_policeman： do you know what time it was? jimmy： yes. i(4)c_ my watch. it was 2:45 (5)e_policeman： good. now, how fast was the truck moving? was the car going(6)b_ the speed(7) l_?jimmy： well, quite slowly - about 10 miles an hour. it was coming up york road. i suppose the truck driver knew the lights were going to（8） c_. but they were still red when he went over them. policemen： i see. what about the car? was it also driving slowly? jimmy： it was coming along union street about 30 miles per hour. it was a blue toyota. the driver stopped his car when he saw the truck（9）c_ the street. policeman： did you see what color his（10）t light was?jimmy： yes, it changed to yellow just before he crossed it.1、_2、_3、_4、_5、_6、_7、_8、_9、_10、_、完成句子:1last night, the accident_ (損壞得非常厲害) to that expensive car. 2 during the war, when london was bombed, many underground stations_(充當(dāng)了防空避難所)3i bought a_ (打折票) and rode the underground three times, which made me happy.4the storms _(沖走) soil along the road and part of the road is still_(修理中)5 the number of road accidents and the deaths_ (由引發(fā)的)those accidents has increased greatly over the past year.6 the union of the different lines makes traveling_(極其不方便)7 i will show you_ (像冊) i took in london when i come back.8 could you buy me _(單程票), my sister wants to go to nan jin.9 he sat beside the window, watching _(落葉) floating in the air.10. _(發(fā)展了多年后), the underground system is now able to transport millions of people effectively.同步測試（二）word power知識的積累與運(yùn)用 、用課文中的詞填空recently the number of people （1）f_ for speaking on their mobile phones while driving has increased by 30 percent. （2）s_ on the phone requires concentration and takes a drivers attention from the road.if you drive after you have （3）c_ alcoholic drinks，you are violating the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others. if you are with someone else who has been （4）d_ alcohol, even if they have had just a couple of beers, do not allow them to drive.this is a fact that is easily （5）d_ , but（6） d_ too fast through city streets is very irresponsible and dangerous. our city streets are always （7）b_ with people, cars and bicycles. drives have to take the responsibility to watch out for people （8）c_ the road, especially older people who may walk slowly and young children who may not look before （9）s_ into the road. drives should be especially careful near schools, （10）w_ there are likely to be many children.、單選1 i think this is a _ room, but mary doesnt agree with me.a. narrow b. small c. little d. bit2 he got the news that this college has a conversation course for _learners. a .advance b. advancing c. advanced d. advancement3 yesterday i bought a book i wanted very much, so this is the latest _ to my library.a. acquire b. acquired c. acquisitive d. acquisition4 many exports in this field say he is an _ on french literature. so we plan to visit him.a. authority b. authorize b. power d. powder5 it is reported in todays newspaper that this medicine is highly _ against cancer.a. effect b. efficient c. effective d. efficiently6 the man who likes eating apples is fond of going _. do