測繪學英文術語.doc

測繪學名詞 01.總 類 序碼 漢文名 英文名 01.001 測繪學 surveying and mapping, SM 01.002 中華人民共和國測繪法 Law of Surveying and Mapping of the Peoples Republic of China 01.003 測繪標準 standards of surveying and mapping 01.004 測量規(guī)范 specifications of surveys 01.005 地形圖圖式 topographic map symbols 01.006 大地測量學 geodesy 01.007 地球形狀 earth shape, figure of the earth 01.008 重力基準網 gravity standard network 01.009 重力場 gravity field 01.010 地心坐標系geocentric coordinate system 01.011 地球橢球 earth ellipsoid 01.012 大地原點 geodetic origin 01.013 水準原點leveling origin 01.014 測量標志 survey mark 01.015 測量覘標 observation target 01.016 高程基準 height datum 01.017 1954年北京坐標系 Beijing geodetic coordinate system1954 01.018 高程系統(tǒng) height system 01.019 平均海體面 mean sea level 01.020 黃海平均海水面 Huanghai mean sea level 01.021 海拔 height above sea level 01.022 海軍導航衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng) Navy Navigation Satellite System，NNSS 01.023 NAVSTAR全球定位系統(tǒng) NAVSTAR Global Positioning System，NAVSTAR GPS 01.024 慣性測量系統(tǒng) inertial surveying system，ISS 01.025攝影測量與遙感學 photogrammetry and remote sensing 01.026航空攝影測量 aerophotogrammetry, aerial photogrammetry 01.027航天攝影測量（又稱“太空攝影測量”） space photogrammetry 01.028非地形攝影測量 non-topographic photogrammetry 01.029水下攝影測量 underwater photogrammetry 01.030航空航天攝影 aerospace photogrammetry 01.031航空遙感 aerial remote sensing 01.032航天遙感 space remote sensing 01.033圖像 image 01.034影像 image, imagery 01.035圖形 Graphics 01.036 判讀（又稱“判釋”、“解譯”） interpretation 01.037模擬攝影測量 analog photogrammetry 01.038解析攝影測量 analytical photogrammetry, numerical photogrammetry 01.039 數(shù)字攝影測量 digital photogrammetry 01.040 數(shù)字地圖模型（又稱“數(shù)值地型”） digital terrain model, DTM 01.041遙感圖象處理 image processing of remote sensing 01.042遙感模式識別 pattern recognition of remote sensing 01.043 地圖制圖學（又稱“地圖學”） cartography 01.044地理坐標網 geographic graticule 01.045經緯網 fictitious graticule 01.046方里網 kilometer grid 01.047鄰帶方里網 grid of neighboring zone 01.048坐標格網 coordinate grid 01.049地理坐標參考系 geographical reference system，GEOREF 01.050地圖 map 01.051地形圖 topographic map 01.052平面圖 plan 01.053普通地圖 general map 01.054專題地圖 thematic map 01.055地圖集 atlas 01.056地球儀 globe 01.057地圖規(guī)范 map specifications 01.058地圖生產 map production 01.059地圖投影 map projection 01.060地圖編制（又稱“編圖”） map compilation 01.061地圖復制 map reproduction 01.062地圖印刷 map printing 01.063地圖利用 map use 01.064地圖量算 cartometry 01.065機助地圖制圖computer-aided cartography，computer-assisted cartography, CAC 01.066自動化制圖 automatic cartography 01.067自動繪圖 automatic plotting 01.068圖形顯示 graphic display 01.069遙感制圖 remote sensing mapping 01.070地名學 toponomastics, toponymy 01.071地名 geographical name, place name 01.072工程測量學 engineering surveying 01.073比例尺 scale 01.074基本比例尺 basic scale 01.075等高線 contour 01.076等高距 contour interval 01.077測量平差 survey adjustment， adjustment of observations 01.078精度估計 precision estimation 01.079精密度 precision 01.080準確度 accuracy 01.081偶然誤差 accident error 01.082系統(tǒng)誤差 systematic error 01.083粗差 gross error 01.084常差 constant error 01.085多余觀測 redundant observation 01.086閉合差 closing error, closure 01.087限差 tolerance 01.088相對誤差 relative error 01.089絕對誤差 absolute error 01.090中誤差 mean square error 01.091誤差橢圓 error ellipse 01.092邊長中誤差 mean square error of side length 01.093測角中誤差 mean square error of angle observation 01.094方位角中誤差 mean square error of azimuth 01.095坐標中誤差 mean square error of coordinate 01.096點位中誤差 mean square error of a point 01.097高程中誤差 mean square error of height 01.098國土基礎信息系統(tǒng) land base information system 01.099大地控制數(shù)據庫 geodetic data base 01.100重力數(shù)據庫 gravimetric data base 01.101地形數(shù)據庫 topographic data base 01.102地理信息系統(tǒng) geographical information system，GIS 01.103地圖數(shù)據庫 map data base 01.104地圖數(shù)據庫管理系統(tǒng)cartographic data base management system 01.105地名數(shù)據庫 place-name data base 01.106地籍信息系統(tǒng) cadastral information system 01.107土地信息系統(tǒng) land information system，LIS 01.108制圖專家系統(tǒng) cartographic expert system 01.109海洋測繪 hydrographic surveying and charting 01.110測繪儀器 instrument of surveying and mapping 01.111大地測量儀器 geodetic instrument 01.112測距儀 distance measuring instrument，rangefinder 01.113重力儀 gravimeter 01.114定位系統(tǒng) positioning system 01.115攝影測量儀器 photogrammetric instrument 01.116立體測圖儀 stereoplotter 01.117數(shù)字攝影測量工作站 digital photogrammetric station 01.118全數(shù)字化自測圖系統(tǒng) full digital automatic mapping system 01.119圖形輸入設備 graphic input unit 01.120圖形輸出設備 graphic output unit 01.121中國測繪學會 Chinese Society of Surveying and Mapping， CSSM 01.122國際測繪聯(lián)合會 International Union of Surveying and Mapping， IUSM 01.123國際測量師聯(lián)合會 Federation Internationale des Geometres，F(xiàn)IG（法語） 01.124國際大地測量學與地球物理學 International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics， IUGG 01.125國際大地測量學協(xié)會 International Association of Geodesy IAG 01.126國際攝影測量與遙感學會 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing，ISPRS 01.127國際地圖學協(xié)會 International Cartographic Association，ICA 01.128 國際海道測量組織 International Hydrography Organization, IHO02大地測量學02.001大地測量 geodetic surveying 02.002幾何大地測量學geometric geodesy 02.003橢球面大地測量學ellipsoidal geodesy 02.004大地天文學geodetic astronomy 02.005物理大地測量學(又稱“大地重力學”) physical geodesy 02.006空間大地測量學space geodesy 02.007衛(wèi)星大地測量學satellite geodesy 02.008動力大地測量學dynamic geodesy 02.009海洋大地測量學marine geodesy 02.010月面測量學lunar geodesy，selenodesy 02.011行星測量學planetary geodesy 02.012天文大地網(又稱“國家大地網”)astro-geodetic network 02.013參考橢球reference ellipsoid 02.014貝塞爾橢球Bessel ellipsoid 02.015海福德橢球Hayford ellipsoid 02.016 克拉索夫斯基橢球 Krasovsky ellipsoid 02.017參考橢球定位orientation of reference ellipsoid 02.018大地基準geodetic datum 02.019大地坐標系geodetic coordinate system 02.020弧度測量arc measurement 02.021拉普拉斯方位角Laplace azimuth 02.022拉普拉斯點Laplace point 02.023三角測量triangulation 02.024三角點triangulation point 02.025三角鎖triangulation chain 02.026三角網triangulation network 02.027圖形權倒數(shù)weight reciprocal of figure 02.028菲列羅公式Ferreros formula 02.029施賴伯全組合測角法Schreiber method in all combinations 02.030方向觀測法method of direction observation，method by series 02.031測 回observation set 02.032歸心元素elements of centering 02.033歸心改正correction for centering 02.034水平折光差(又稱“旁折光差”) horizontal refraction error 02.035基線測量base measurement 02.036基線baseline 02.037基線網base network 02.038精密導線測量precise traversing 02.039三角高程測量trigonometric leveling 02.040三角高程網trigonometric leveling network 02.041鉛垂線plumb line 02.042天頂距zenith distance 02.043高度角elevation angle， altitude angle 02.044垂直折光差vertical refraction error 02.045垂直折光系數(shù)vertical refraction coefficient 02.046國家水準網national leveling network 02.047精密水準測量Precise leveling 02.048水準面level surface 02.049高程height 02.050正高orthometric height 02.051正常高normal height 02.052力高 dynamic height 02.053地球位數(shù)geopotential number 02.054水準點benchmark 02.055水準路線leveling line 02.056跨河水準測量rivercrossing leveling 02.057橢球長半徑major radius of ellipsoid 02.058橢球扁率flattening of ellipsoid 02.059橢球偏心率eccentricity of ellipsoid 02.060子午面meridian plane 02.061子午圈meridian 02.062卯酉圈prime vertical 02.063平行圈parallel circle 02.064法截面normal section 02.065子午圈曲率半徑radius of curvature in meridian 02.066卯酉圈曲率半徑radius of curvature in prime vertical 02.067平均曲率半徑mean radius of curvature 02.068大地線geodesic 02.069大地線微分方程differential equation of geodesic 02.070大地坐標geodetic coordinate 02.071大地經度geodetic longitude 02.072大地緯度geodetic latitude 02.073大地高geodetic height，ellipsoidal height 02.074大地方位角geodetic azimuth 02.075天文大地垂線偏差astrogeodetic deflection of the vertical 02.076垂線偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical 02.077標高差改正correction for skew normals 02.078截面差改正correction from normal section to geodetic 02.079大地主題正解direct solution of geodetic problem 02.080大地主題反解 inverse solution of geodetic problem 02.081高斯中緯度公式Gauss midlatitude formula 02.082貝塞爾大地主題解算公式Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem 02.083高斯 一克 呂格投影 GaussKruger projection又稱“高斯投影”。 02.084歸化緯度reduced latitude 02.085等量緯度isometric latitude 02.086中央子午線central meridian 02.087分帶子午線zone dividing meridian 02.088高斯平面子午線收斂角Gauss grid convergence 02.089高斯投影距離改正distance correction In Gauss projection 02.090高斯投影方向改正arctochord correction In Gauss projection 02.091底點緯度latitude of pedal 02.092高斯平面坐標Gauss plane coordinate 02.093坐標方位角grid bearing 02.094天文點astronomical point 02.095基本天文點fundamental astronomical point 02.096本初子午線prime meridian 02.097經度起算點origin of longitude 02.098極移polar motion 02.099瞬時極instantaneous pole 02.100平極mean pole 02.101固定平極fixed mean pole 02.102歷元平極mean pole of the epoch 02.103國際協(xié)議原點Conventional International Origin，CIO 02.104地極坐標coordinates of the pole 02.105地球自轉參數(shù)earth rotation parameter，ERP 02.106恒星時Sidereal time 02.107世界時universal tim ，UT 02.108協(xié)調世界時coordinated universal time，UTC 02.109天文年歷astronomical ephemeris，astronomical almanac 02.110FK4星表Fourth Fundamental Catalogue， FK4 02.111FK5星表Fifth Fundamental Catalogue， FK5 02.112天文坐標astronomical coordinate 02.113天文經度astronomical longitude 02.114天文緯度astronomical latitude 02.115天文方位角astronomical azimuth 02.116津格爾星對測時法（又稱“東西星等高測時法”）method of time detemination by Zinger starpair 02.117中天法transit method 02.118恒星中天測時法method of time determination by star transit 02.119塔爾科特測緯度法Talcott method of latitude determination 02.120多星等高法equalaltitude method of multistar 02.121北極星任意時角法method by hour angle of Polaris 02.122時號time signal 02.123平時式時號meantime signal 02.124協(xié)調世界時時號time signal in UTC 02.125收時time receiving 02.126時號改正數(shù)correction to time signal 02.127電波傳播時延改正correction for radio wave propagation of time signal 02.128軸頸誤差error of pivot 02.129人儀差personal and instrumental equation 02.130星徑曲率改正correction for curvature of star image path 02.131重力位gravity potential 02.132重力gravity 02.133引力gravitation 02.134離心力centrifugal force 02.135引力位gravitational potential 02.136離心力位potential of centrifugal force 02.137正常引力位normal gravitational potential 02.138正常重力位normal gravity potential 02.139地球位geopotential又稱“大地位”。 02.140擾動位disturbing potential 02.141正常重力normal gravity 02.142正常重力線normal gravity line 02.143正常重力公式normal gravity formula 02.144擾動重力disturbing gravity 02.145平均地球橢球mean earth ellipsoid 02.146正常橢球normal ellipsoid 02.147水準橢球level ellipsoid 02.148大地測量參考系geodetic reference system 02.149地心引力常數(shù)geocentric gravitational constant 02.150地球長半徑major semiaxis of the earth 02.151地球扁率flattening factor for the earth，oblateness of the earth 02.152地球自轉角速度rotational angular velocity of the earth 02.153地球重力模型earth gravity model 02.154地球位系數(shù)potential coefficient of the earth 02.155帶諧系數(shù)coefficient of zonal harmonics 02.156扇諧系數(shù)coefficient of sectorial harmonics 02.157田諧系數(shù)coefficient of tesseral harmonics 02.158 克萊羅定理 Clairaut theorem 02.159大地測量邊值問題geodetic boundary value problem 02.160斯托克斯理論Stokes theory 02.161斯托克斯公式Stokes formula 02.162莫洛堅斯基理論Molodensky tneory 02.163莫洛豎斯基公式Molodensky formula 02.164布耶哈馬問題Bjerhammar problem 02.165布隆斯公式Bruns formula 02.166費寧梅內斯公式VeningMeinesz formula 曾用名“維寧曼乃茲公式”。 02.167大地水準面 geoid 02.168調整大地水準面 cogeoid又稱“共大地水準面”。 02.169似大地水準面 quasigeoid 02.170近似地形面 telluroid 02.17I大地水準面起伏geoldal undulation 02.172大地水準面高 geoldal height 02.173高程異常height anomaly 02.174天文水準astronomical leveling 02.175天文重力水準astrogravimetric leveling 02.176垂線偏差deflection of the vertical 02.177絕對垂線偏差absolute deflection of the vertical 02.178重力垂線偏差gravimetric deflection of the vertical 02.179重力測量gravity measurement，gravimetry 02.180微重力測量 microgravimetry 02.181絕對重力測量absolute gravity measurement 02.182相對重力測量relative gravity measurement 02.183航空重力測量airborne gravity measurement 02.184重力梯度測量gravity gradient measurement， gradiometry 02.185重力基線gravimetric baseline 02.186重力點gravimetric point 02.187基本重力點basic gravimetric point 02.188世界重力基點worldwide gravimetric basic point 02.189波茨坦重力系統(tǒng)Potsdam absolute gravimetric system 02.190零漂改正correction of zero drift 02.191重力潮汐改正correction of gravity measurement for tide 02.192重力歸算gravity reduction 02.193空間改正 freeair correction 02.194地形改正topographic correction 02.195法伊改正Faye correction 02.196龐加萊改正Poincar correction 02.197地殼均衡改正isostatic correction 02.198布格改正Bouguer correction 02.199重力異常gravity anomaly 02.200布格異常Bouguer anomaly 02.201空間異常freeair anomaly 02.202混合重力異常mixed gravity anomaly 02.203純重力異常pure gravity anomaly 02.204重力垂直梯度vertical gradient of gravity 02.205重力水平梯度horizontal gradient of gravity 02.206重力異常階方差degree variance of gravity anomaly 02.207協(xié)方差函數(shù)covariance function 02.208固體潮 solid Earth tide 02.209固體潮觀測observation of Earth tide 02.210地傾斜觀測ground tilt measurement 02.211地殼形變測量crust deformation measurement 02.212監(jiān)測網monitoring network 02.213引潮位tidegenerating potential 02.214引潮力tidegenerating force 02.215平衡潮equilibrium tide 02.216載荷潮load tide 02.217附加位additional potential 02.218潮汐波tidal wave 02.219潮汐頻譜tidal spectrum 02.220杜德森常數(shù)Doodson constant 02.221勒夫數(shù)Loves number 02.222志田數(shù)Shidas number 02.223潮汐因子tidal factor 02.224相位滯后phase lag 02.225地球液核動力效應dynamic effect of liquid core of the earth 02.226地球動力扁率dynamic ellipticity of the earth 02.227地球動力因子dynamic factor of the earth 02.228地殼均衡說isostasy hypothesis 02.229地殼均衡isostasy 02.230大陸漂移continental drift 02.231板塊運動plate movement 02.232衛(wèi)星大地測量幾何法geometrical method of satellite geodesy 02.233衛(wèi)星大地測量動力法dynamical method of satellite geodesy 02.234慣性坐標系inertial coordinate system 02.235天球坐標系celestial coordinate system 02.236軌道坐標系orbital coordinate system 02.237地固坐標系bodyfixed coordinate System，earthfixed coordinate System 02.238站心坐標系topocentric terrestrial coordinate system 02.239地心直角坐標geocentric rectangular coordinate 02.240地心經度geocentric longitude 02.241地心緯度geocentric latitude 02.242平移參數(shù)translation parameters 02.243旋轉參數(shù)rotation parameters 02.244尺度參數(shù)scale parameter 02.245大地測量衛(wèi)星geodetic satellite 02.246衛(wèi)星軌道satellite orbit 02.247受攝軌道disturbed orbit 02.248衛(wèi)星軌道升交點ascending node of satellite orbit 02.249衛(wèi)星軌道近地點perigee of satellite orbit 02.250衛(wèi)星軌道根數(shù)（又稱“衛(wèi)星軌道參數(shù)”）orbit elements of satellite 02.251衛(wèi)星軌道長半徑semimajor axis of satellite orbit 02.252衛(wèi)星軌道偏心率eccentricity of satellite orbit 02.253衛(wèi)星軌道傾角inclination of satellite orbit 02.254衛(wèi)星升交點赤經right ascension of satellite ascending node 02.255衛(wèi)星軌道近地點幅角argument of perigee of satellite orbit 02.256衛(wèi)星過近地點時刻time of satellite perigee passing 02.257平均運動mean motion 02.258衛(wèi)星高度satellite altitude 02.259近地點高度altitude of perigee 02.260衛(wèi)星星下點subsatellite point 02.261真近點角true anomaly 02.262偏近點角eccentric anomaly 02.263平近點角mean anomaly 02.264軌道周期orbital period 02.265衛(wèi)星運動方程equation of satellite motion 02.266攝動力disturbing force 02.267攝動函數(shù)disturbing function 02.268地球引力攝動terrestrial gravitational perturbation 02.269日月引力攝動lunisolar gravitational perturbation 02.270大氣阻力攝動atmospheric drag perturbation 02.271太陽光壓攝動solar radiation pressure perturbation 02.272潮汐攝動tidal perturbation 02.273運動方程分析解analytical solution of motion equation 02.274運動方程數(shù)值解numerical solution of motion equation 02.275狀態(tài)向量state vector 02.276一階攝動first order perturbation 02.277二階攝動second order perturbation 02.278衛(wèi)星共振分析analysis of satellite resonance 02.279衛(wèi)星軌道改進improvement of satellite orbit 02.280照相觀測camera observation， photographic satellite observation 02.281衛(wèi)星激光測距satellite laser ranging，SLR 02.282衛(wèi)星多普勒頻移測量satellite Doppler shift measurement 02.283衛(wèi)星測高satellite altimetry 02.284衛(wèi)星射電干涉測量satellite radio interferometry 02.285衛(wèi)星跟蹤衛(wèi)星技術satellitetosatellite tracking 02.286衛(wèi)星跟蹤站tracking station of satellite 02.287衛(wèi)星重力梯度測量satellite gradiometry 02.288衛(wèi)星三角測量satellite triangulation 02.289同步觀測simultaneous observation 02.290同步平面synchronous plane 02.291史密森天文臺星表 SAO Star catalogue 02.292底片常數(shù)法method of plate constant 02.293底片方位元素法method of plate orientation elements 02.294閃爍誤差error of scintillation 02.295衛(wèi)星相位差phase error of satellite 02.296衛(wèi)星光行差satellite aberration 02.297衛(wèi)星多普勒定位satellite Doppler positioning 02.298多普勒單點定位Doppler point positioning 02.299多普勒聯(lián)測定位Doppler translocation 02.300多普勒短弧法定位Doppler positioning by the short arc method 02.301偽距測量pseudorange measurement 02.302載波差頻相位測量carrierbeat phase measurement 02.303鐘差clock offset，clock correction 02.304鐘速clock rate 02.305雙頻信標double frequency beacon 02.306粗碼Coarse Acquisition Code，C A Code 02.307精碼Precise Code， P Code 02.308頻偏frequency offset 02.309頻漂frequency drift 02.310多普勒計數(shù)Doppler count 02.311廣播星歷broadcast ephemeris 02.312精密星歷precise ephemeris 02.313吉爾平面Guier plane 02.314電離層折射改正ionospheric refraction correction 02.315對流層折射改正tropospheric refraction correction 02.316相對論改正relativistic correction 02.317甚長基線干涉測量very long baseline interferometry ， VLBI 02.318激光測月lunar laser ranging， LLR 02.319整體大地測量integrated geodesy 02.320誤差理論theory of errors 02.321測量誤差observation error 02.322真誤差true error 02.323隨機誤差random error 02.324平均誤差average error 02.325慨然誤差（又稱“或然誤差”）probable error 02.326極限誤差limit error 02.327容許誤差allowable error 02.328截斷誤差truncation error 02.329權weight 02.330單位權unit weight 02.331僅函數(shù)weight function 02.332權系數(shù)weight coefficient 02.333單位權方差（又稱“方差因子”）variance