外文翻譯--挖掘裝載機國內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀的分析

挖掘裝載機國內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀的分析挖掘裝載機俗稱“兩頭忙”。因為它具有獨特的構(gòu)造，前端是裝載裝置，后端為挖掘裝置。在工地內(nèi)，您只需要轉(zhuǎn)動一下座椅，即可完成從裝載機到挖掘機操作手角色的轉(zhuǎn)變。挖掘裝載機主要用于城市和農(nóng)村的公路建設(shè)及養(yǎng)護、電纜鋪設(shè)、電力和機場工程、市政建設(shè)、農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)、農(nóng)村住宅建設(shè)、開山取石以及各種小型建筑隊所從事的各種建筑施工工程?！皟深^忙”屬于小型多功能工程機械的一種，一般在大工程完成后的小工程中使用。一、挖掘裝載機分類挖掘裝載機俗稱“兩頭忙”，同時具備裝載、挖掘兩種功能。挖掘裝載機分類如下：l、結(jié)構(gòu)上從結(jié)構(gòu)上來分，挖掘裝載機有兩種形式：一種是帶側(cè) ， 一種 帶側(cè)。前 的 大特 是挖掘工作裝置可以側(cè) ， 于在特 場地作 ，它在 狀 時 ，有利于裝載和 。 是： 于結(jié)構(gòu)上的 ， 多為， 在 以內(nèi)，兩 小，挖掘時 機 特是挖掘工作裝置側(cè) 到一側(cè)時。種型式的挖掘裝載機功能 在裝載currency1，在“fi 多fl后 的挖掘工作裝置 能側(cè) ， 挖掘工作裝置可轉(zhuǎn) 后中 作”轉(zhuǎn)， 為 式 ， 可到 側(cè) 后，挖掘時 ，有利于挖掘能力的 。 于有側(cè) ， 機造 。 是時 在 后，型 ，機 于 和裝載狀 時， ，裝載和 有一 ， 種機型功能 在挖掘currency1，以 國 多。、動力分 上從動力分 上來分，挖掘裝載機有兩 后 動和 動兩種形式。前 能完 利用 ，使機 地的 力以及 力后 下， 造后 fi多。、 上上來分：小型多功能工程機械 用的 種 中，型挖掘機的動力大多在 以下， 機 、 用 帶 機構(gòu)， ，多用于農(nóng)場、小 的 currency1作 。 于 機型 小，造 ，目前在國內(nèi)尚難以普及fl挖掘裝載機的動力多在 6機 大， 約在 之間，挖掘能力 強，多 用 式 機構(gòu)， 動，利用轉(zhuǎn)向 動橋或鉸接轉(zhuǎn)向， ，達(dá) 以上，國大 用于農(nóng)場、基建、道路維修工程的 石currency1作 和大型施工現(xiàn)場的輔助作 。該機型形 大，靈活 ，一般難以適狹小場地的作 。二、挖掘裝載機的國內(nèi)的現(xiàn)狀 發(fā)展趨勢、國內(nèi)技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀目前我國挖掘裝載機的企 有余家，主要是山工、煙工、遼寧朝陽、柳工、廈工、 、北建、徐工。目前該品年 大約在4臺左右。從我國小型、多功能挖裝機械從無到有的發(fā)展歷史看，我國挖掘裝載機一 于 為落后的狀 ， 發(fā)展 緩慢。我國在上世紀(jì)7年代初才開始自 開發(fā)設(shè)計，首先北京建筑機械廠研 成功Z A和Z B型液壓挖掘裝載機，97年煙臺工程機械廠試 成功ZLJ型挖掘裝載機。之后福建建筑機械廠、一施、山東廣饒液壓機械廠先后研 出Z 型、DFH 94Z型、TZ w型挖掘裝載機，到99 年柳州挖掘裝載機廠、柳州工程機械股份有 公司分研 出Z 型和Z 型挖掘裝載機。山東工程機械廠 年7月成功研 出Z 型挖掘裝載機。以下幾家的品基本上代表了目前國內(nèi)挖掘裝載機的技術(shù)水平： 的Z 挖掘裝載機：發(fā)動機系統(tǒng)選用康明斯渦 增壓發(fā)動機，額功率6N，排放符合“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 轉(zhuǎn)向轎前橋為非 動擺動橋，軸 用進(jìn)口件。選用進(jìn)口 為挖掘裝載機 的 動橋后橋。帶有 維護的 式 動 ，大大 了 的 及可 。帶 ， 了 的 能。標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 為兩 動，可 用 需要 備 動。液壓系統(tǒng) 用 系統(tǒng)，主要件如 、多路 、轉(zhuǎn)向 選用國 公司品。煙臺工程機械廠Z 型：Z 型挖掘裝載機是以裝載機為主本，前端 裝多用 、后端 裝挖掘裝置 成。一 的東currency1 94Z型挖掘裝載機是在 進(jìn) 大利 特技術(shù) 造LF9型 機基 上。 設(shè)計的具有前裝載、后挖掘多種功能的農(nóng) 工程機械。柳州挖掘裝載機廠Z 型：柳州挖掘裝載機廠的Z 型挖掘裝載機及柳州工程機械股份有 公司研 的Z 型挖掘裝載機， 是在AT挖掘裝載機技術(shù)基 上，結(jié)合我國的工特 研 成的品兩機型 用 用 ， 用了 AT公司同的currency1“ 技術(shù)。 于兩機型 用的是變 系統(tǒng)，因 系統(tǒng)的 及fi件的可fl要 。柳州柳機械有 公司HAH99系挖掘裝載機：發(fā)動機： 備先進(jìn)的渦 增壓 發(fā)動機，額功率達(dá)到9力，在轉(zhuǎn) 分的轉(zhuǎn) 下達(dá)到4”的， 件 用進(jìn)口世 品，可 。 的造型 大currency1，間大fl 合一 的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 置，使機 具有多功能 用 。多種工作 件可以選 ， 多工作fl 用挖掘裝載機 用 。是獨可 的， 裝置 接。液壓、 是獨可 ， 是 置，利于 機 ， ， 適合 在地上進(jìn) 和 修。同時它 成為 的分，currency1 操作 出 。 市裝載機廠Z 型：動力系統(tǒng)：該機 用康明斯4BT9 74型渦 增壓發(fā)動機，具有結(jié)構(gòu) 、功率大、 、小、工作可 、特 。 動能，特適合北currency1地 。液壓系統(tǒng)：該機 用了 裝 國力 的 和操 。系統(tǒng) 用currency1“ 技術(shù)， 主 于中 時，操 的壓 變 ，從 自動 的排 ，使 為fl 時， 的壓力達(dá)到調(diào)壓力 MPa以保證側(cè) 壓 缸所需壓力。 工作時， 操 的開口大小 供需要的 ，避 了統(tǒng)液壓系統(tǒng) 溢 溢 的currency1式， 大 地了液壓功率的 損失和系統(tǒng)發(fā)熱。工作裝置： 裝置為帶側(cè) 結(jié)構(gòu)，4只壓 缸和后 固。 裝置可以沿滑道側(cè) ，擴大了作 范圍。 裝置的動臂 用大彎 動臂，擺動時有利于橫向形 。 時， 裝置沿滑道側(cè) 到左右 一端，桿和 起，然后擺動到后 端。樣大大了 機在 進(jìn)和轉(zhuǎn) 時的 ， 了機動，使fi機 可以在狹小的地currency1轉(zhuǎn) 和作 fl 機 分合理，有利于機 的 。 裝置操 機構(gòu)為機械式 桿操 ，操 靈活currency1 。裝載裝置 用Z形轉(zhuǎn)雙搖臂桿機構(gòu)，具有卸載 大、卸載 大、掘起力大、能自動放平特 fl 用沖壓型 升臂，輕了 ， 了剛 和載能力。操 機構(gòu)為機械 手柄。 系統(tǒng)： 用無 動的轉(zhuǎn)向前橋，轉(zhuǎn)向缸為雙活塞桿雙作用缸fl后橋為 動橋， 用兩級 動結(jié)構(gòu)。 動達(dá) 裝于主 殼體上， 用螺旋錐 動， 為 星 動機構(gòu)， 體結(jié)構(gòu)剛， 出 平 。在主 和 之間， 用 浮式半軸接動，克服了橋殼在工作變形程中半軸動的 。 系統(tǒng) 用了靜液壓動。 用 體焊接式結(jié)構(gòu)，具有剛，強 的特 。 為H型 ，和 為一體。 動橋的 動 用液壓鉗 式，液壓操 具有 動快 可 的優(yōu) 。駐 動為鼓式中央 動，機械式操 。 端為 體大窗口內(nèi)翻式結(jié)構(gòu)，有利于風(fēng)和開闊視野、currency1 操作。后 動 用大 徑 壓 胎，在 程中可以緩沖振動和輕 輛顛簸， 員的乘坐舒適。 于我國的挖掘裝載機起步晚， 論在品品種、能參數(shù)以及使用可 、售后服務(wù)currency1， 國 存在 大的 。、國內(nèi)的挖掘裝載機競爭企 國內(nèi)的發(fā)展趨勢目前國內(nèi)的挖掘裝載機競爭企 分為：出口型：如 川公路機械廠的多功能工程機械%以上都銷， 銷路一 很， ，桂 機械廠 門小型 帶式挖掘裝載機，品絕大分出口。國進(jìn)件、國內(nèi)組裝型：如上海的AS的 9系品。國進(jìn)口、國內(nèi)代理型：如JB的 X X 4XflVOLVO的BL6 BL7flAS的 9目前都有代理。國內(nèi)企 ：國內(nèi)企 有余家， 品為 檔的挖掘裝載機。格為：萬fi以內(nèi)。因 ，挖掘裝載機的國內(nèi)的發(fā)展趨勢是 進(jìn)國的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，開發(fā) 、多功能、多品種、多 格的挖掘裝載機系品， 強基 fi件、件的，尤 是 挖掘裝載機液壓fi件的 ，以?品成本， 挖掘裝載機品的售后服務(wù)水平。煙臺工程機械廠Z 型：Z 型挖掘裝載機是以裝載機為主本，前端 裝多用 、后端 裝挖掘裝置 成。一 的東currency1 94Z型挖掘裝載機是在 進(jìn) 大利 特技術(shù) 造LF9型 機基 上。 設(shè)計的具有前裝載、后挖掘多種功能的農(nóng) 工程機械。柳州挖掘裝載機廠Z 型：柳州挖掘裝載機廠的Z 型挖掘裝載機及柳州工程機械股份有 公司研 的Z 型挖掘裝載機， 是在AT挖掘裝載機技術(shù)基 上，結(jié)合我國的工特 研 成的品兩機型 用 用 ， 用了 AT公司同的currency1“ 技術(shù)。 于兩機型 用的是變 系統(tǒng)，因 系統(tǒng)的 及fi件的可fl要 。柳州柳機械有 公司HAH99系挖掘裝載機：發(fā)動機： 備先進(jìn)的渦 增壓 發(fā)動機，額功率達(dá)到9力，在轉(zhuǎn) 分的轉(zhuǎn) 下達(dá)到4”的， 件 用進(jìn)口世 品，可 。 的造型 大currency1，間大fl 合一 的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 置，使機 具有多功能 用 。多種工作 件可以選 ， 多工作fl 用挖掘裝載機 用 。是獨可 的， 裝置 接。液壓、 是獨可 ， 是 置，利于 機 ， ， 適合 在地上進(jìn) 和 修。同時它 成為 的分，currency1 操作 出 。 市裝載機廠Z 型：動力系統(tǒng)：該機 用康明斯4BT9 74型渦 增壓發(fā)動機，具有結(jié)構(gòu) 、功率大、 、小、工作可 、特 。 動能，特適合北currency1地 。液壓系統(tǒng)：該機 用了 裝 國力 的 和操 。系統(tǒng) 用currency1“ 技術(shù)， 主 于中 時，操 的壓 變 ，從 自動 的排 ，使 為fl 時， 的壓力達(dá)到調(diào)壓力 MPa以保證側(cè) 壓 缸所需壓力。 工作時， 操 的開口大小 供需要的 ，避 了統(tǒng)液壓系統(tǒng) 溢 溢 的currency1式， 大 地了液壓功率的 損失和系統(tǒng)發(fā)熱。工作裝置： 裝置為帶側(cè) 結(jié)構(gòu)，4只壓 缸和后 固。 裝置可以沿滑道側(cè) ，擴大了作 范圍。 裝置的動臂 用大彎 動臂，擺動時有利于橫向形 。 時， 裝置沿滑道側(cè) 到左右 一端，桿和 起，然后擺動到后 端。樣大大了 機在 進(jìn)和轉(zhuǎn) 時的 ， 了機動，使fi機 可以在狹小的地currency1轉(zhuǎn) 和作 fl 機 分合理，有利于機 的 。 裝置操 機構(gòu)為機械式 桿操 ，操 靈活currency1 。裝載裝置 用Z形轉(zhuǎn)雙搖臂桿機構(gòu)，具有卸載 大、卸載 大、掘起力大、能自動放平特 fl 用沖壓型 升臂，輕了 ， 了剛和載能力。操 機構(gòu)為機械 手柄。 系統(tǒng)： 用無 動的轉(zhuǎn)向前橋，轉(zhuǎn)向缸為雙活塞桿雙作用缸fl后橋為 動橋， 用兩級 動結(jié)構(gòu)。 動達(dá) 裝于主 殼體上， 用螺旋錐 動， 為 星 動機構(gòu)，體結(jié)構(gòu)剛， 出 平 。在主 和 之間， 用 浮式半軸接動，克服了橋殼在工作變形程中半軸動的 。 系統(tǒng) 用了靜液壓動。 用 體焊接式結(jié)構(gòu)，具有剛，強 的特 。 為H型 ，和 為一體。 動橋的 動 用液壓鉗 式，液壓操 具有 動快 可 的優(yōu) 。駐 動為鼓式中央 動，機械式操 。 端為 體大窗口內(nèi)翻式結(jié)構(gòu)，有利于風(fēng)和開闊視野、currency1 操作。后 動 用大 徑壓 胎，在 程中可以緩沖振動和輕 輛顛簸， 員的乘坐舒適。 于我國的挖掘裝載機起步晚， 論在品品種、能參數(shù)以及使用可 、售后服務(wù)currency1， 國 存在 大的 。、國內(nèi)的挖掘裝載機競爭企 國內(nèi)的發(fā)展趨勢目前國內(nèi)的挖掘裝載機競爭企 分為：出口型：如 川公路機械廠的多功能工程機械%以上都銷， 銷路一 很， ，桂 機械廠 門小型 帶式挖掘裝載機，品絕大分出口。國進(jìn)件、國內(nèi)組裝型：如上海的AS的 9系品。國進(jìn)口、國內(nèi)代理型：如JB的 X X 4XflVOLVO的BL6 BL7flAS的 9目前都有代理。國內(nèi)企 ：國內(nèi)企 有O余家， 品為 檔的挖掘裝載機。格為：萬fi以內(nèi)。因 ，挖掘裝載機的國內(nèi)的發(fā)展趨勢是 進(jìn)國的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，開發(fā) 、多功能、多品種、多 格的挖掘裝載機系品， 強基 fi件、件的，尤 是 挖掘裝載機液壓fi件的 ，以達(dá)到在滿 品可的前 下， 挖掘裝載機品成本， 挖掘裝載機品的售后服務(wù)水平。4、國內(nèi) 開發(fā)要 于我國的挖掘裝載機起步晚， 論在品品種、能參數(shù)以及使用可 售后服務(wù)currency1， 國 存在 大的 。表現(xiàn)在：國的挖掘裝載機的主要是 件可 如國。存在可 問題的有：機、液壓fi件、液壓系統(tǒng) 、動fi件、電氣系統(tǒng)及電 fi件、 固技術(shù) 密封技術(shù)、 胎及作 裝置。挖掘裝載機品能、可 。除了 年從國 進(jìn)的一些品，國內(nèi)的分挖掘裝載機品的能還在國際 世紀(jì)9年代水平，早期故障率 ，還 能完 滿 修筑公路的要 。挖掘裝載機基 件 、 件 硬。目前，國發(fā)動機及液壓系統(tǒng)的缸、 、 已成為 約挖掘裝載機品 的“瓶頸”。挖掘裝載機的品種、成 、型 ，分品有形成系。我國的挖掘裝載機 論在品種上和機型currency1都還存在 多的白。現(xiàn)有的挖掘裝載機品 創(chuàng)和獨有技術(shù)。我國挖掘裝載機的研 開發(fā)工作 乏創(chuàng)，有自己獨特的技術(shù)。在 視技術(shù) 進(jìn)的時候， 太 視 和 技術(shù)的掌握 研究。因 ，國內(nèi)的挖掘裝載機的開發(fā)開發(fā) 、多功能、多品種、多 格的系品， 強基 fi件、件的，尤 是 液壓fi件的 ，以達(dá)到在滿 品可 的前 下， 品成本， 品的售后服務(wù)水平。、開發(fā) 發(fā)展挖掘裝載機的幾 問題、挖掘裝載機屬特種設(shè)備的 理國家為 強和 范 及 、 大特種設(shè)備的 理，以適我國 TO后市場國際的要 ，合理、合 的利用 ，保護國家和 的利 ，于 年 施了 特種設(shè)備 國務(wù) 7 、特種設(shè)備 政 可 施 試 國 7 系 。同時國家 以下 稱國家 特種設(shè)備 和 特種設(shè)備 國家 技術(shù) 了 機電類特種設(shè)備 造 可 試 國 74 ，用以范機電類特種設(shè)備 造 可工作，保機電類特種設(shè)備的 造 和 技術(shù)能。 件 施要 ， 特種設(shè)備 可目currency1的品如裝載機、挖掘裝載機、挖掘機、起 機械一些品 特種設(shè)備 理 4年6月前“取fi的 造 可證， 企 fi進(jìn) 品的和銷售。目前，廠內(nèi)機動 輛所fi設(shè)備類型、品種類 為明的是 機電類特種設(shè)備 造 可 試 ， 的特種設(shè)備 造 可目currency1，目前屬于廠內(nèi)機動 輛的設(shè)備類型及的設(shè)備型式進(jìn) 了明fl下表，該是 后廠內(nèi)機動 輛 理的 。 ，在我國內(nèi)銷售的的 造的特種設(shè)備， 品“符合我國有特種設(shè)備的 、 政 、 、強 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及技術(shù) 程的要 同時接 和型式試 。 于挖掘裝載機以前有的 特種設(shè)備 理，因 國挖掘裝載機品可以自 出 ，在技術(shù)和 理上有 到 和 ， 國內(nèi)挖掘裝載機品要進(jìn) 型式試 和接 一些地currency1 門的 ”，同樣的品fi到 同的。作為挖掘裝載機特種設(shè)備的開發(fā) 造企 ， 務(wù)之， 有要 技術(shù)、品以及和 理上的準(zhǔn)備工作，取fi國內(nèi)的 造格。以 為機， 大品的 進(jìn)，國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和國先進(jìn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，品 和技術(shù)水平，以適市場國際的需 。、挖掘裝載機品的 挖掘裝載機品的 ：企 來：目前強挖掘裝載機市場 能力， 挖掘裝載機市場變能力，及時 挖掘裝載機市場、掌握挖掘裝載機市場動向的同時， 強企 的挖掘裝載機品開發(fā)力 ，才能使企 在 的市場競爭中率先 市場， 之地，上 發(fā)展的道路。 currency1發(fā)達(dá)國家的工程機械 造 早?明的市場 ， 同的 體同的品，在中國樣的發(fā)展中國家開發(fā)小型工程機械，品的 一要準(zhǔn)。該用 同的技術(shù)、 同的用 來 準(zhǔn)的問題，中國先 沿海發(fā)達(dá)地 廣大農(nóng)村和 工程施工 使用分類開發(fā)小型工程機械品，是中國特色的多fi的 結(jié)構(gòu) 需 結(jié)構(gòu)變的體現(xiàn)。目前，企 該 自己的 力，首先準(zhǔn)自己的 置， 種品fl然后為品 ， 樣。企 “握準(zhǔn)市場的 ，及時地調(diào) 自己的開發(fā) 路， 合理國先進(jìn) ， 中國市場，自主開發(fā)有中國特色的小型工程機械品， 可以同國企 合開發(fā)。小型品要 出 成本、 用，用 大、明。在 、 徐工的現(xiàn)有主品的同時， 市場發(fā)展的要 結(jié)合企 的優(yōu)勢，開發(fā)多適銷路的小型工程機械品。 我國挖掘裝載機的技術(shù)水平及目前的市場狀 ，在開發(fā)挖掘裝載機以以下幾 currency1作為開發(fā)品的 路。 快 或 進(jìn)國的挖掘裝載機先進(jìn)技術(shù)，以 我的品檔 fl 國內(nèi)用的可 用 系統(tǒng)，以 的要 ，故障的發(fā)fl挖掘裝載機 件如發(fā)動機、變 、變 、后橋、液壓、多路 ， ，以 品可 fl4 用 用 體式 及 式 ，以 品 及工作的 fl國內(nèi)用的 用無 動的轉(zhuǎn)向前橋及 帶側(cè) 的結(jié)構(gòu)，以 機構(gòu)利用率， 造成本fl6輔以多功能作 工具，以 品的利用率。7市場售國內(nèi)用的 在4 6萬fi左右fl市場售國用的 在7 9萬fi 左右國內(nèi)目前格 ：調(diào)”目前國內(nèi)挖掘裝載機的品的技術(shù) 為：國內(nèi)中、 檔 ，格在 4萬fi，徐工特工、山工、煙工、遼寧朝陽、柳工、廈工、 、北建、工挖掘裝載機格都 多。國內(nèi)檔 ：目前檔 的國內(nèi)是柳州柳機械有 公司HAAH99，格在萬fi。、開發(fā)挖掘裝載機的同時建開發(fā) 它的多功能工程機械滑 轉(zhuǎn)向裝載機及 稱兩頭忙的挖掘裝載機是兩 一機多用的型 。前 可完成挖掘、裝載、 、平地、 裝幾 種作 ，后 具有挖掘、裝載、起、填多種功能。它 有小型機又有多功能的特 ，特適用于需完成多種作 又 能同時容多臺機 的狹窄場地作 。為了 設(shè)備的利用率，一機多用成為工程機械發(fā)展的一 currency1向。首先是在用設(shè)備上 裝一些 具，可以用于多種施工作 。在液壓挖掘機上 備輔助工具，可以完成挖溝、 、堆垛、裝、搬 、填、平地、夯 及坡修、理場地作 務(wù)?？ㄌ乇死展镜南?機有傾角可調(diào)型P 、 型s 、用型V 、角置型A 及松 和 絞 ，可供 同的作 currency1式選用。用 包括了農(nóng) 、水利、 、交、建筑各 門。在開發(fā)挖掘裝載機的同時，同時考慮開發(fā)出 它的多功能工程機械，如多功能 機、多功能翻 機多功能 式平地機、多功能 式 機、多功能 式 石機、多功能 式壓路機、多功能挖溝機、多功能 機、多功能起 機、多功能破碎錘、多功能破碎剪、多功能冷銑刨機、多功能抓裝 機、 合一多功能裝載 機、多功能路破碎機、銑切式或鏈?zhǔn)酵跍蠙C、多功能斜坡修 機、多功能割草機、多功能作 、多功能鉆孔機、多功能叉裝機和多功能夯 機6多種獨的機型。 開發(fā)派出以汽 為 的多功能工程機械，可 裝大約種工作裝置。在 “國家主要用奔馳公司的NIMOG 用 ， 裝成的主要品有螺旋式充填機和各種結(jié)構(gòu)形式掃 、掃雪機、 機、裝載機、電纜鋪設(shè)機、挖掘機、隨 起 機、挖溝機、巖石破碎機、打樁機、抓挖掘機、栽樹機、旋轉(zhuǎn)式鉆機、作 臺 。The Analysis Of The Current Situation In Excavating LoaderBackactor loader commonly known as the two head busy. Because it has the unique structure, and at the front end is loading device, the device for mining. In the site inside, you only need to turn the seat, can complete from loader to excavator gunner change of the role. Backactor loader mainly used for urban and rural highway construction and maintenance, cable laying, electric power and the airport project, municipal construction, irrigation and water conservancy construction, rural residential construction, founder of small stone and take JianZhuDui are engaged in all kinds of construction engineering. Two head busy belongs to the small multi-function engineering machinery, a general in the big project after completing the small engineering in use.A, excavating loader classificationBackactor loader commonly known as the two head busy, also with the loading, mining two functions. Backactor loader classified as follows:1, structureFrom the structure up points, excavating loader have two kinds of forms: one with lateral frame, another without lateral frame. The former is the biggest characteristic of mining equipment can lateral, facilitate the work in special, it in the state of transportation center of gravity is low, be helpful for loading and transportation. Defect is: the restriction on the structure, a leg more for straight leg, supporting point within the wheel edges, two strong point distance is lesser, when mining the poor stability (especially mining equipment lateral to the side). This type of excavating loader loading function key, in Europe more production； The latter of the digging device cant lateral, the mining equipment can work through rotary bearing the frame around the center made 180 rotation, a leg for frog legs type support, support to the wheels can be stretched the lateral partial, when mining good stability, be helpful for the improvement of the mining capacity. Since there is no lateral frame, reduced the cost. The disadvantage is a bucket in the car when suspension, envelop dimensions long, locomotive in transport and loading condition, poor stability, to load and transport have certain effect, this model function key in mining field, with the United States production in the majority.2, power distributionFrom the power distribution up points, excavating loader with two wheels (rear) drive and four-wheel (full wheels) drive two forms. The former cannot be fully exploit the adhesive weight, make the locomotive and the surface adhesion and traction decline than the latter, but cost much less than the latter.3, chassisChassis up points: small multi-function engineering machinery commonly used three kinds of chassis, mini excavator mostly in the 20 kW power, the quality 1000-3000 kg, and the use of tracked the mobile mechanism, walking speed less than 5 km/h, more for the farm, garden and small turkmen homework. Because of its type slants small, cost is higher, at present it is difficult in domestic popularization； The power of the excavating loader in 30 to 60 kW machine heavy bigger, quality about in the 5000-8000 kg between, mining ability strong, use the wheel the mobile mechanism, all wheel drive, use to drive axle or hinged to the speed is higher, 20 km/h above, foreign farm, the infrastructure is used in large, road maintenance engineering, homework and large cubic metro of the construction site auxiliary homework. The machine appearance is bigger, flexibility is bad, it is difficult to adapt to the narrow field of assignments.Two of the excavating loader, the domestic present situation and the development tendency1, domestic technical statusAt present our country backactor loader production enterprise have more than 10, mainly is the mountain work, work, liaoning chaoyang, smoke, xiamen, ChangLin liugong workers, north building, Germany, etc. At present the product output in 400 sets about to the left. From our small, multi-function dig with the development history of the scale of the mechanical watch, our country has been in excavating loader relatively backward state, its development at a slow pace. Our country in the early 1970 s began to develop our own design, first by Beijing building machinery factory successfully developed WZ2A and WZ2B type hydraulic backactor loader, 1987 yantai engineering machinery plant type ZL15WJ successfully trial-produced excavating loader. After construction machinery factory, was a fujian, shandong GuangRao hydraulic machinery factory has developed WZ25 type, DFH-904 WZ type, T55Z/w type backactor loader, to 1992 liuzhou backactor loader plant, liuzhou engineering machinery Co., LTD were developed WZ30-25 type and WZ25-20 type backactor loader.Shandong engineering machine factory in July 2001 successfully developed the WZ30-25 type backactor loader.The following several production product basically represents the current domestic backactor loader level of technology:(1) the ChangLin WZ30-25 backactor loader: engine system chooses cummins turbocharged engines, rated power 63 kN, accord with the European emissions standards. Standard cars to its (front axle) for the driver swinging bridge, bearings imported components. USES imported designed for excavating loader supporting the axles (driving axle). With a free maintenance of wet brake, greatly improving the traffic safety and reliability. Take differential lock, and improve the performance of the whole vehicle traction. Standard cars for two wheel drive, based on user needs equipped with four-wheel drive. The hydraulic system adopt efficient gear single pump system, main components such as pump, valve, steering gear and foreign famous company all use products.(2) the yantai engineering machinery plant production WZ25-20 type: WZ25-20 type backactor loader is mainly the loader, front end modified multi-purpose after the bucket, the mining equipment and into. Yituo dongfanghong 904 WZ type of excavating loader in Italian fiat technology is introduced LF90 type tractor manufacturing basis. Supporting design is forward after loading, mining and other functions of agricultural engineering machinery.(3) liuzhou backactor loader plant WZ30-25 type: liuzhou backactor loader factory WZ30-25 type backactor loader and liuzhou engineering machinery Co., LTD WZ30-developed 20 type backactor loader, all is in the digestion and absorption of CAT backactor loader based on technology, in combination with the process features of new products developed in the new models using special chassis, used the same load with CAT company sensing control technology. Because the two section type USES is variable system, therefore the purity of the system and components can be against sex requirement is higher.(4) the liuzhou Macao liu machinery Co., LTD HACH995E series backactor loader: engine: equipped with advanced turbocharged diesel engine, the power rating reached 95 horse power, and in the 1500 RPM speed of 384 ft-lb) torque, core key components are imported the world famous brand product, has higher reliability. The appearance of the new modelling beautiful and easy, cabin space more； One of the standard configuration four bucket, to make the machine has more features and applications. A variety of work attachments can be selected, do more work； Using backactor loader special frame. Cabin is independent replaceable, through the five shock absorber and frame connection. The hydraulic oil tank, fuel is also independent replaceable, and is low layout, to reduce machine focus, improve stability, and suitable for stand on the floor for oil filling and repair. They also become part of the boarding ladder, convenient in and out of the operator.(5) TaiAnShi loader plant WZ30-25 type: the power system: this machine is used for cummins 4 BT3. 9-C74 type turbo engine, the structure is compact, large power and low fuel consumption, low noise, long life and reliable work, etc. Low-temperature start performance is good, especially suitable for the north. Hydraulic system: the machine USES the original Germany rexroth pump and control valve. System adopts load sensor control technology, when the main valve core in the median, through the manoeuvring valve produce differential pressure signal back to the variable pump, so as to reduce the emissions of automatic pump, makes the flow rate is near to zero； At this time, the pump pressure to achieve the setting pressure in order to ensure that the lateral 22 MPa pressure cylinder pressure frame needed. When work, pump according to the valve core manoeuvring valve opening of the size of the need to provide flow, avoid the traditional hydraulic system by relief valve control overflow way, minimizes the hydraulic power empty flow loss and system fever. Work device: the shovel device with lateral frame structure, through the 4 pressure cylinder and only after fixed frame. The shovel devices can slide along the lateral, expand the scope of operation. The shovel arm of the device with big arm curving, swinging back to reduce when transverse shape dimension. When the walk, the shovel along the lateral slide device around to any end, dou stem and the bucket down, and then back after the frame to swing. This greatly reduces the travel and the transfer of the whole machine in the length size, improve the mobility, make the machine in a narrow place can transfer and homework； The distribution centre of gravity is more reasonable, be helpful for the stability of the machine. The shovel device control mechanisms for mechanical 2 stem manipulation, manipulation is flexible and convenient.Loading device adopts Z form reverse the double rocker link mechanism, and has the uninstall the height of the great distance, unloading, digging up strength can automatically put, equal characteristics； The blunt gas box type lifting arm, weigh less, and to improve the stiffness and carrying capacity. Control mechanisms for mechanical single handles. Walk system: the driver to no front axle, turned to the cylinder piston rod for double double role cylinder； For the final drive axles, adopt two-stage slow transmission structure. Drive motor installed on its main reducer, the spiral bevel gear transmission, wheel edges for planetary gear reducer drive mechanism, and the overall good rigidity structure, the output speed smoothly. In the main reducer and wheel edges between reducer, adopts full serving the half shaft link transmission, overcoming the bridge in work in the process of shell deformation half shaft driving influence. Walk system USES a static hydraulic transmission. By the integral frame welding structure, has the good rigidity, high strength characteristic. A leg for H type straight leg, and frame is an organic whole repeatedly. The drive axle of the hydraulic caliper disc brake, hydraulic braking control has the advantages of fast and reliable. In car brake drum brake for central, mechanical manipulation. The cab the whole big window for shovel in turn type structure, be helpful for ventilation and widen the vision and convenient operation. After the low voltage driving wheel diameter tyres, walk in the process of vibration and reduce vehicle can cushion the turbulence, improve the drivers ride comfort. Because of our countrys late start excavating loader, whether in the product variety, performance parameters and use reliability, after-sales service and so on, and abroad are compared theres a quite big difference.2, the domestic enterprises and domestic competition excavating loader tendency of developmentThe present backactor loader competition enterprise is divided into:(1) the export-oriented: such as sichuan road machinery factory production multifunctional engineering machinery over 80% export, and can always find a good sale, in addition, guilin forestry machinery factory specializing in the production of small caterpillar backactor loader, most of the export products.(2) into a foreign and domestic assembly type: such as Shanghai CASE of 580/590 series products. Foreign imports, domestic agency type: if the 2 JCB CX / 3 CX / 4 CX； VOLVOs BL60 / BL71； 580/590 of the CASE, are all have agent.(3) the domestic production enterprise: domestic production enterprise have more than 10, its product for cheap backactor loader. Prices for: within 380000 yuan. Therefore, excavating loader domestic is the development trend of the introduction of foreign advanced technology, the development of the high quality, multi-function, many varieties and specifications of excavating loader series products, strengthen the basic components and parts production, especially improve the quality of the hydraulic components excavating loader to. The product cost, and improving the mining loader the service level of the product.(2) the yantai engineering machinery plant production WZ25-20 type: WZ25-20 type backactor loader is mainly the loader, front end modified multi-purpose after the bucket, the mining equipment and into. Yituo dongfanghong 904 WZ type of excavating loader in Italian fiat technology is introduced LF90 type tractor manufacturing basis. Supporting design is forward after loading, mining and other functions of agricultural engineering machinery.(3) liuzhou backactor loader plant WZ30-25 type: liuzhou backactor loader factory WZ30-25 type backactor loader and liuzhou engineering machinery Co., LTD WZ30-developed 20 type backactor loader, all is in the digestion and absorption of CAT backactor loader based on technology, in combination with the process features of new products developed in the new models using special chassis, used the same load with CAT company sensing control technology. Because the two section type USES is variable system, therefore the purity of the system and components can be against sex requirement is higher.(4) the liuzhou Macao liu machinery Co., LTD HACH995E series backactor loader: engine: equipped with advanced turbocharged diesel engine, the power rating reached 95 horse power, and in the 1500 RPM speed of 384 ft-lb) torque, core key components are imported the world famous brand product, has higher reliability. The appearance of the new modelling beautiful and easy, cabin space more； One of the standard configuration four bucket, to make the machine has more features and applications. A variety of work attachments can be selected, do more work； Using backactor loader special frame.Cabin is independent replaceable, through the five shock absorber and frame connection. The hydraulic oil tank, fuel is also independent replaceable, and is low layout, to reduce machine focus, improve stability, and suitable for stand on the floor for oil filling and repair. They also become part of the boarding ladder, convenient in and out of the operator.(5) TaiAnShi loader plant WZ30-25 type: the power system: this machine is used for cummins 4 BT3. 9-C74 type turbo engine, the structure is compact, large power and low fuel consumption, low noise, long life and reliable work, etc. Low-temperature start performance is good, especially suitable for the north. Hydraulic system: the machine USES the original Germany rexroth pump and control valve. System adopts load sensor control technology, when the main valve core in the median, through the manoeuvring valve produce differential pressure signal back to the variable pump, so as to reduce the emissions of automatic pump, makes the flow rate is near to zero； At this time, the pump pressure to achieve the setting pressure in order to ensure that the lateral 22 MPa pressure cylinder pressure frame needed. When work, pump according to the valve core manoeuvring valve opening of the size of the need to provide flow, avoid the traditional hydraulic system by relief valve control overflow way, minimizes the hydraulic power empty flow loss and system fever. Work device: the shovel device with lateral frame structure, through the 4 pressure cylinder and only after fixed frame. The shovel devices can slide along the lateral, expand the scope of operation. The shovel arm of the device with big arm curving, swinging back to reduce when transverse shape dimension. When the walk, the shovel along the lateral slide device around to any end, dou stem and the bucket down, and then back after the frame to swing. This greatly reduces the travel and the transfer of the whole machine in the length size, improve the mobility, make the machine in a narrow place can transfer and homework； The distribution centre of gravity is more reasonable, be helpful for the stability of the machine. The shovel device control mechanisms for mechanical 2 stem manipulation, manipulation is flexible and convenient. Loading device adopts Z form reverse the double rocker link mechanism, and has the uninstall the height of the great distance, unloading, digging up strength can automatically put, equal characteristics； The blunt gas box type lifting arm, weigh less, and to improve the stiffness and carrying capacity. Control mechanisms for mechanical single handles. Walk system: the driver to no front axle, turned to the cylinder piston rod for double double role cylinder； For the final drive axles, adopt two-stage slow transmission structure. Drive motor installed on its main reducer, the spiral bevel gear transmission, wheel edges for planetary gear reducer drive mechanism, and the overall good rigidity structure, the output speed smoothly. In the main reducer and wheel edges between reducer, adopts full serving the half shaft link transmission, overcoming the bridge in work in the process of shell deformation half shaft driving influence. Walk system USES a static hydraulic transmission. By the integral frame welding structure, has the good rigidity, high strength characteristic. A leg for H type straight leg, and frame is an organic whole repeatedly. The drive axle of the hydraulic caliper disc brake, hydraulic braking control has the advantages of fast and reliable. In car brake drum brake for central, mechanical manipulation. The cab the whole big window for shovel in turn type structure, be helpful for ventilation and widen the vision and convenient operation. After the low voltage driving wheel diameter tyres, walk in the process of vibration and reduce vehicle can cushion the turbulence, improve the drivers ride comfort. Because of our countrys late start excavating loader, whether in the product variety, performance parameters and use reliability, after-sales service and so on, and abroad are compared theres a quite big difference.3, domestic backactor loader competitive enterprise and the development trend of domesticThe present backactor loader competition enterprise is divided into:(1) the export-oriented: such as sichuan road machinery factory production multifunctional engineering machinery over 80% export, and can always find a good sale, in addition, guilin forestry machinery factory specializing in the production of small caterpillar backactor loader, most of the export products.(2) into a foreign and domestic assembly type: such as Shanghai CASE of 580/590 series products. Foreign imports, domestic agency type: if the 2 JCB CX / 3 CX / 4 CX； VOLVOs BL60 / BL71； 580/590 of the CASE, are all have agent.(3) the domestic production enterprise: domestic production enterprise have 1 more than O, its products are cheap backactor loader. Prices for: within 380000 yuan. Therefore, excavating loader domestic is the development trend of the introduction of foreign advanced technology, the development of the high quality, multi-function, many varieties and specifications of excavating loader series products, strengthen the basic components and parts production, especially improve the quality of the excavating loader hydraulic components, in order to reach to meet product reliability, under the premise of lower backactor loader product cost, and improving the mining loader the service level of the product.4, at home and abroad and the development gap requirementsBecause of our countrys late start excavating loader, whether in the product variety, performance parameters and use reliability, after-sales service and so on, and abroad are compared theres a quite big difference. Displays in:Domestic backactor loader is the main fittings reliability as abroad. The reliability of existing problems are: diesel engine, hydraulic components, hydraulic pressure system cleanness and transmission components, electrical system and electrical components, tighten technology and sealing technology, tires and homework devices, etc. Backactor loader product performance is poor, reliability, low. In addition to introduced from abroad in recent years some of the products, domestic part of the performance of the excavating loader products is still at the international level of the 1990 s, the early failure rate is higher, also cannot completely meet the requirement of building roads. Backactor loader basis of poor quality, fittings components quality is not perfect. At present, the domestic engine and hydraulic system of the cylinder, pump, valve and the quality has become the main backactor loader product quality of bottleneck.The variety of excavating loader less, systematic bad, the model is not complete, part of the product not form a series. Chinas backactor loader whether in species and models are still exist quite a lot of blank.The existing backactor loader products innovation and technology of unique. The research and development of our country backactor loader working lack of innovation, not their own unique technology. In the value of the introduction of technology, dont pay attention to digestion, absorption and key technical control and research. Therefore, the development of the domestic excavating loader should be the development of the high quality, multi-function, many varieties and specifications of the series products, and strengthen the basic components and parts production, especially improve the quality of the hydraulic components, in order to reach to meet product under the premise of reliability, reduce the cost of product, and improve the service level of the product.Three, the development, and the development of the excavating loader a few questions1, excavating loader special equipment of the managementFor countries to strengthen and standardize the related life safety, risk bigger special equipment management, in order to adapt to the Chinas entry into the WTO internationalization of market requirements, reasonable and legitimate use trade rules, protect the interests of the state and the people, issued in 2003 carried out the special equipment safety supervision regulations (the state council makes the 373th), the special equipment for the implementation of administrative licensing rules (try out) (of the pot 2003 quality no. 172) and so on the series and regulations. At the same time the national quality supervision, inspection and quarantine (hereinafter referred to as the state quality inspection administration) according to the special equipment safety supervision regulations and the special equipment quality surveillance and security supervision regulations (the former national quality technology supervision bureau makes no. 13) issued the mechanical and electrical kind of special equipment manufacturing license rules (try out) (of the quality inspection pot 2003 no. 174), to regulate a license for the manufacture of electrical and mechanical special equipment and ensure that the mechanical and electric equipment made of special quality and safety technical performance. According to documents implementation requirement, be included in the special equipment of the directory license products such as loaders, excavators, excavating loader, lifting machinery and so on some products listed in special equipment management June 1, 2004 must obtain corresponding manufacturing license, or enterprise will not to carry on the production and the sales. At present, the vehicles maneuvering in plant equipment type, with products are most definitely regulations mechanical and electrical kind of special equipment manufacturing license rules (try out), the provisions of the special equipment manufacture license directory, will now belongs to the vehicles maneuvering in plant equipment type and the corresponding device forms the clearly define (see chart below), this should is the vehicles maneuvering in plant on the basis of management.According to relevant regulations of the state, in our country the sales of the special equipment manufactured abroad, its product must comply with the relevant special equipment in the laws, administrative regulations and rules, mandatory standards and technical code requirements. And accept supervision and safety type test. Because backactor loader havent really into the special equipment management, the foreign backactor loader products have the freedom of, in the technical and management without any limits and supervision, but domestic backactor loader products will conduct pilot test and accept some local qualitative inspect branch of supervision and inspection, the same product to obtain the different treatment. As backactor loader, etc special equipment production development manufacturing enterprise, the urgent task, should according to the relevant requirements well technology, products and the production and management of the preparatory work, positive application, get the domestic production manufacturing qualification.And, on this machine, increase product improvement, and actively carry out international standards and foreign advanced standard, improve the product quality and technology level, in order to adapt to the needs of the international market.2, the product orientation excavating loader(1) the product orientation excavating loader: to corporations: at present should strengthen backactor loader market forecasting ability, improving the mining loader market strain capacity, timely collect market information, excavating loader master backactor loader market trends at the same time, strengthen the enterprise excavating loader new product development efforts, can make the enterprise in the fierce competition in the market to take the lead in seizes the market, then our sanfeng, took to the road of sustainable development. The western developed countries engineering machinery manufacturer go early. Clear the market localization, in view of the different consumer groups production of different products, in developing countries like China development small engineering machinery, product positioning must be accurate. Should use different technology, in view of the different user groups to solve the problem of accurate positioning, China should first developed coastal areas in the vast rural and based on engineering construction supporting the use of the development of small engineering machinery products classification, this is the diversity of Chinese characteristics of the social structure of the structural changes affect demand reflected. At present, enterprise should according to our own strength, and first to find a position, determination of the production that product； And then for pulse products, to determine how to production. Enterprise must grasp the pulse of the prospective market, timely adjust their own development idea, other reasonable learn from foreign advanced experience, for Chinese market, independent development has the Chinese characteristic of small engineering machinery products, also can make the enterprise with foreign joint development. Small products to highlight the low cost, practical, user group of large, clear. In essence, continue to do well the xugong existing dominant products at the same time, and according to the requirements of the development of the market, combining with the advantages of the enterprise, the development of more readily marketable small engineering machinery products. In view of Chinas backactor loader level of technology and the current market conditions, in the development of excavating loader to the following aspects should be as a new product development train of thought. (1) as soon as possible to digest absorb or introduce foreign advanced technology excavating loader, in order to improve our product class； (2) of the country with using the quantitative system, in order to reduce oil of cleanness of demand, reduce of failure； (3) backactor loader key parts such as engine, torque converter, the transmission, driving axle, hydraulic pump, multi-channel valve, should implement a global procurement, in order to improve the products re