山西省山陰縣高考英語閱讀理解（5）(1).doc

山西省山陰縣2014高考英語閱讀理解（5）及答案【廣東省廣州市調(diào)研測試】steven spielbergs new movie lincoln paints a vivid and breath-taking picture of the 16th u.s. president and his determination to end slavery. spielberg based his film on parts of team of rivals, a book by doris kearns goodwin. he makes abraham lincoln relevant today by presenting a cunning political mind trying to overcome washingtons all too familiar political divisions.in previous movies, lincoln was shown as a simple yet almost perfect man. but spielbergs lincoln is different. “i was determined to make a movie about a working president dealing with real problems. not some angel,” spielberg said.we watch the president first ending slavery and then the war.the films adviser, historian eric martin, explains how lincolns thinking evolved.“his main objective when the war began was not the freeing of the slaves but to keep the country united. lincoln realizes that in order to keep the country together, the question of slavery will have to be addressed,” martin said.the film focuses on the last four months of his presidency.in the movie, the arguments among political enemies seem very similar to the problems we see in washington today. the disagreements were bitter.the film turns to lincolns relationships with his wife and kids, his beliefs and constant self-examination. daniel day-lewis, the actor who plays lincoln, offers an oscar-worthy performance as the 16th president. not only is his physical similarity to the president incredible, he is able to capture many of lincolns mannerisms and his high-pitched, almost lady-like voice. “i found it very easy to play the role of lincoln because the real man himself was so open. when i was researching his history to prepare for the part, one of the most surprising things i found was just how accessible he was. even in war-time, when he was in great danger, he was always willing to meet with others and share his ideas,” day-lewis said.spielbergs lincoln will head to the oscars. but more important it will make history.41. what does spielberg say is different about his movie of lincoln? a. it is based on a book called “team of rivals”. b. it mainly shows how cunning lincoln was. c. it focuses on how he worked as a politician. d. it describes how determined he was.【答案】c【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)i was determined to make a movie about a working president dealing with real problems.主要集中于林肯是作為一個政治家是怎樣工作的，故選c。42. according to martin, abraham lincoln _. a. started the war to free the slaves b. ended slavery to keep the country united c. was killed because of his military failure d. was forced to free the slaves【答案】b【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)lincoln realizes that in order to keep the country together, the question of slavery will have to be addressed,林肯要結(jié)束奴隸制度保持國家統(tǒng)一，故選b。43. which of the following is true about the actor who plays lincoln? a. he looks very similar to lincoln. b. his performance is very lady-like. c. he won an oscar for his performance. d. he believed he really was lincoln.【答案】a【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)not only is his physical similarity to the president incredible, he is able to capture many of lincolns mannerisms and his high-pitched, almost lady-like voice演員看起來要和真正的林肯長相相似，故選a。44. what is the authors opinion about the movie? a. it reflects historical facts. b. it is controversial. c. its performances arent realistic. d. it is of high quality.【答案】d【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)spielbergs lincoln will head to the oscars. but more important it will make history.作者對這部電影的評價很高，故選d。45. in what section in a newspaper can this passage most probably be found? a. people in history b. entertainment c. lifestyle d. politics【答案】b【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文主要介紹了電影的內(nèi)容可知應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在娛樂節(jié)目，故選b。passage thirty-two (the young generation) old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. the same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. it has never been truer than it is today. the young are better educated. they have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. they grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. they think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of their elders. events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. this is as it should be. every new generation is different from the one that preceded it. today the difference is very marked indeed. the old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. they dont like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. and this is precisely what the young are doing. they are question the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. wouldnt people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? and what about clothing? who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? if we ruin our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means, who said that human difference can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems? why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? can anything be right with the rat-race? havent the old lost touch with all that is important in life? these are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. their record over the past forty years or so hasnt been exactly spotless. traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guidance. today, the situation might be reversed. the oldif they are prepared to admit itcould learn a thing or two from their children. one of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not sinful. enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. it is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure; to shed restricting inhibitions. it is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. this emphasis on the present is only to be expected because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation. this is their glorious heritage. can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it?1. which of the following features in the young is not mentioned?a. better educated. . more money and freedom.c. independence. d. hard work.2. what so the young reject most?a. values. . the assumption of the elders.c. conformity. c. conventional ideas.3. why do the young stress on the present?a. they have grown up under the shadow of the bomb. they dislike the past. c. they think the present world is the best.d. they are afraid of destruction.4. what can the old learn from the young generation?a. enjoyment is not sinful. . people should have more leisure time.c. men might enjoy life. d. one should enjoy ones work.vocabulary1. reminder 使共回想起某事的東西，提示者2. complacency 自鳴得意，自滿情結(jié)3. take leave 擅自，任意，隨意 i took leave to consider this matter settled. 請原諒我認(rèn)為這事已經(jīng)解決了。4. conformity 與一致，遵從5. guilt 有罪，內(nèi)疚6. ridden （ride 的過去分詞）受支配的，受壓迫7. guilt-ridden 負(fù)罪感8. amass 積累，積聚9. a rat-race 激烈的競爭10. shrug off 對聳肩表示不屑一理，輕視，擺脫11. spotless 無污點的，純潔的12. shed 擺脫，拋棄13. annihilate 殲滅14. bequeath 贈送，把傳給后代15. sanity 頭腦清醒健全難句譯注1. convict haircut. convict 義：罪犯。罪犯和短發(fā)兩字合在一起為“囚犯理的發(fā)式”。但在這里其含義根據(jù)上下文決定。前面講到“誰說世界上所有的男人都應(yīng)穿淺灰色的西裝”，后面只能譯成“剪成像罪犯似的短發(fā)呢”。本義有haircut義：修理整齊的短發(fā)。整齊劃一表示紳士派的工作人中作風(fēng)正派，認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，一絲不茍的精神。作者用了convict罪犯一字表示諷刺：“罪犯也是整齊劃一的短發(fā)跟紳士們的要求一樣，難道他們也是作風(fēng)正派，認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，一絲不茍嗎？”寫作方法與文章大意這是一篇論及“代溝”的文章。主要采用對比手法，一開始就提出了一個老問題：“老人們經(jīng)常說年輕人不是從前那樣了。這一評語代代相傳，永遠(yuǎn)是對的，而今天比以前任何時候更正確。”下面幾段就論述他們之不同點以及對比老少兩代人的態(tài)度。答案祥解1. d. 艱苦工作。這在第一段中第四句“青年一代受了更好教育，有大量的錢話，有更多的自由。他們成長的很快，不那么依賴于父母，他們獨立思考得更多，不盲目接受老一代的理想?！盿. 受更好的教育。 b. 更多的錢和自由。 c. 獨立性。這三項均提及到。2. c. 順從。第二段集中講到這一點?！耙驗槔先藗兘?jīng)常認(rèn)為自己懂得多，理由就是他們經(jīng)歷得多。他們不喜歡自己的價值觀受到懷疑或威脅。而這正是青年在做的。他們對老人們的設(shè)想提出疑問，打亂他們的自鳴得意。他們甚至敢于懷疑老一代創(chuàng)造了世界上可能最佳的社會。他們最反對的莫過于順從。例如：他們說辦公時間就是強(qiáng)制奴役，如果人們完全自由，絕對負(fù)責(zé)，他們的工作不會更好嗎？而穿衣呢？誰說世界上所有的男人都該穿單調(diào)的灰色西裝和剪成像罪犯似的短發(fā)？?！边@些詞語都表示他們最反對的東西是遵從，“一致性”。所以a. 價值。 b. 長者的設(shè)想。 d. 傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗觀念。都是具體的某一點。3. a. 他們在炸彈的陰影下成長。第三段倒數(shù)第四句起“由于年輕人是在炸彈戰(zhàn)爭的陰影下成長壯大：在不斷受到全面殲滅的威脅之下，所以也只能期望他們重視目前。這是他們的光榮遺產(chǎn)。他們經(jīng)常詢問贈給他們遺產(chǎn)的這代人的頭腦是否清醒。對此我們能表示驚訝嗎？”遺產(chǎn)指的是第二段的種種問題所體現(xiàn)出來的東西，如：“誰說人類之差異能通過常規(guī)政策或暴力手段予以很好的解決？為什么老一代人常用暴力來解決他們的問題？為什么他們（老一代）個人生活那么不愉快。老有負(fù)罪感？為什么老糾纏于要積聚越來越多的物質(zhì)財富？?！眀. 他們不喜歡過去。 c. 他們認(rèn)為現(xiàn)世界是最好的。 d. 他們害怕破壞。4. a. 享受不是犯罪。這在第三段中間“老年人如果他們準(zhǔn)備承認(rèn)的話可以從他們的孩子們那里學(xué)到一兩件事。他們能學(xué)的最大的課堂之一是享受不是犯罪?！薄跋硎堋笔侨丝蛇m用于生活各個方面的原則。從工作中獲得樂處，享受閑暇時間，肯定不是錯誤。拋棄約束限制，生活在現(xiàn)在而不是生活在過去肯定也不是錯。b. 人們應(yīng)有更多的閑暇。 c. 人可以享受生活。 d. 一個人應(yīng)當(dāng)享受工作?！舅拇ㄊ【d陽市2014高考英語一模試題】ean early invention by albert einstein has been rebuilt by scientists at oxford university. they are trying to develop an environmentally friendly refrigerator that runs without electricity.we all know that modern fridges cause damage to the environment. they work by using a kind of man-made greenhouse gas called freon (氟里昂), which is far more damaging than carbon dioxide.now malcolm mcculloch, an electrical engineer at oxford, is leading a three-year project to develop appliances that can be used in places without electricity.his team has completed a prototype (樣機(jī)) of a fridge patented in 1930 by einstein. it used only pressurized gases to keep things cold. the design was partly used in the first refrigerators, but the technology was dropped when more efficient compressors (壓縮機(jī)) became popular in the 1950s. that meant a switch to using freon.einsteins idea uses butane (丁烷) and water and takes advantage of the fact that liquids boil at lower temperatures, when the air pressure around them is lower.if you go to the top of mount qomolangma, water boils at a much lower temperature than it does when youre at sea level and thats because the pressure is much lower up there, said mcculloch.at one side is the evaporator (蒸發(fā)器), a bottle that contains liquid butane. if you introduce a new vapor above the butane, the liquid boiling temperature decreases and, as it boils off, it takes energy from the surroundings to do so, says mcculloch. thats what makes it cold.the gas fridges based on einsteins design were replaced by freon-compressor fridges partly because einsteins design was not very efficient. but mcculloch thinks that by changing the design and replacing the types of gases used it will be possible to quadruple (翻兩番) the efficiency.however, mccullochs fridge is still in its early stages. its very much a prototype, he said. give us another month and well