高中英語 Unit2 第4學(xué)時(shí) Grammar練習(xí) 新人教版必修5.doc

第四學(xué)時(shí)grammar觀察領(lǐng)悟觀察領(lǐng)悟下列句子，找出其規(guī)律并熟讀。1worried_about the journey，i was unsettled for the first few days.2wellknown for their expertise，his parents company，called “future tours”，transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.3the capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming.4hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.5soon i was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.6exhausted，i slid into bed and fell fast asleep.7deeply touched，i thanked him again and again.8caught in a heavy rain，he was late for work again.自我總結(jié)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞具有副詞、形容詞的特征，分詞或分詞短語在句中可作_、_，還可作_等。答案：狀語；定語；表語一、過去分詞(短語)作狀語過去分詞(短語)作狀語可以表時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等，它的邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語，過去分詞與主語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。1作時(shí)間狀語。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。once published，the dictionary will be very popular.(once publishedonce it is published)一旦出版，這本詞典將大受歡迎。2作原因狀語。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。lost in thought，i didnt notice what was happening outside.(lost in thoughtbecause i was lost in thought)由于陷入沉思，我沒注意到外面發(fā)生了什么事情。3作條件狀語。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。given another hour，i can also work out this problem.(given another hourif i am given another hour)如果再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能把這道題算出來。4作讓步狀語。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。beaten by the opposite team，we didnt lose heart and encouraged each other.(beaten by the opposite teamthough we were beaten by the opposite team)雖然被對方的隊(duì)打敗了，但我們并沒有灰心而是相互鼓勵(lì)。5作方式或伴隨狀語?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)并列句。the old man got on the bus，supported by a girl.(supported by a girland was supported by a girl)(方式)在一位姑娘的攙扶下，老人上了公共汽車。【注意】(1)過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，其前面可以帶有相應(yīng)的連詞，如when，though，although，as if，as though，if，unless，until，once等，表時(shí)間、讓步、條件、方式等。if (i am)invited，i will attend the wedding of my friend.如果受到邀請，我會參加我朋友的婚禮。(2)過去分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即表被動(dòng)；現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表主動(dòng)。asked why he was late，he cried.被問到他為什么遲到時(shí)，他哭了。looking out of the window，i saw some students playing there.我朝窗外望去，看見幾個(gè)學(xué)生在那邊玩耍。(3)過去分詞(短語)作狀語時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語要一致。if caught，the thief will be punished by the police.小偷如果被抓，會受到警方的處罰。(4)有些過去分詞已形容詞化，作狀語時(shí)表示人的狀態(tài)。常見的有：satisfied，surprised，interested，moved，worried，pleased，disappointed等。disappointed at the examination results，the girl stood there without saying a word.因?yàn)閷荚嚱Y(jié)果很失望，小女孩站在那兒一句話也沒說。二、過去分詞作定語1一般來說，過去分詞作定語時(shí)含有“完成” 和“被動(dòng)” 的雙重意義。但要注意不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞常表示“完成” 的動(dòng)作，而不表示“被動(dòng)” 意義。如：boiled water(開水)；fallen leaves(落葉)；risen sun(升起的太陽)等。my parents are both retired teachers.我的父母都是退休教師。2單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，一般放在被修飾詞之前，也可后置。往往可用定語從句代替。spoken english英語口語iced beer冰鎮(zhèn)啤酒fried chips炸土豆條hurry up，there is only a little time left.快點(diǎn)，時(shí)間不多了。things seen are mightier than things heard.眼見為實(shí)，耳聽為虛。3過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作通常發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前或表示與句中謂語動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作。all the windows broken have been repaired.所有壞了的窗子都已經(jīng)修理好了。he is a teacher loved and respected by his students.他是一個(gè)受學(xué)生喜愛和尊敬的老師。一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1well _ (manage)，his business soon took off.2the woman scientist entered the room，_ (follow) by her assistants.3_ (weaken) by successive storms，the bridge was no longer safe.4_ (support) by a girl，the old man got off the bus.5_(take) 30 minutes before each meal，the medicine is very effective against the illness.6_(face) with the increasing unemployment，many people went on strike in most of the european countries.7_(warn) that the youth olympic games might be delayed due to severe air pollution，our government has made a promise to jacques rogge that they will spare no effort to settle the problem.8what surprised me most was that there appeared a _ (surprise)look on her face on hearing the unexpected news.9the book _(refer) at the meeting is popular among teenagers.10_ (offer) great help, i can get rid of all the difficulties.答案：1managed2.followed3.weakened4.supported5taken6.faced 7.warned8.surprised9referred10.offered 二、翻譯下列句子，注意過去分詞的用法1下定決心要戒煙，約翰把剩余的香煙都扔到垃圾箱里了。_答案： determined to quit smoking，john threw all the remaining cigarettes into the garbage can.2在接受警員問話的時(shí)候，那個(gè)被綁在椅子上的年輕人堅(jiān)持說自己是無罪的。_答案： when questioned by the police officer，the young man tied to the chair insisted that he was innocent.3一直在沉思，那個(gè)被安排坐在第一行的學(xué)生沒有聽到教授的話。_答案：lost in thought，the student seated in the first row didnt hear a word the professor said.4一旦被建好，這座15層的樓就會擋住射入我房間的陽光。_答案：once completed，this 15storeyed building will block the sunlight coming into my room.5在第一次介紹給客人的時(shí)候，這種先進(jìn)的產(chǎn)品就立即受到歡迎。_答案： when first introduced to customers，this advanced product was wellreceived at once.6他們當(dāng)中有一些人，生長在那個(gè)小村子，從未見過火車。_答案： some of them，born and brought up in that small village，had never seen a train.三、語法填空1_( absorb) in his novel, tome didnt notice his teacher coming to him.“2._(tell) many times to study hard, why are you still wasting your time？” the teacher said angrily, 3._(glare) at tom.“sorry, mr. wang. 4._(not know) what to do, i just want to keep quiet in class, 5._(kill) my time.” 6._(hear) his words, the teacher left more angrily without saying anything. 7._(surprise), his classmates all stopped studying and looked up at tom, 8._he was always considered a hardworking boy. “its nothing special，” tom explained, 9._(put) the novel in his bag. “isnt it good 10._us to read more？” then he began to do his homework.答案：1absorbed2.having been told3.glaring4.not knowing 5.killing6.hearing7.surprised8.because9.putting10.for四、單句改錯(cuò)1the problem discussing yesterday at the meeting is important to all of us._2exhausting after the journey，little tom soon fell asleep._3my sister lucy bought a computer pro