高中英語 指導(dǎo)與分級(jí)閱讀 Unit4 Global warming練習(xí) 新人教版選修6.doc

unit4 global warming話題指南 本話題涉及全球氣候的異常變化、引起這些變化的原因、著名科學(xué)家對(duì)異常氣候的分析以及人類在應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化中所采取的措施。全球變暖是一個(gè)范圍很廣的話題。這方面我們既會(huì)讀到一些現(xiàn)在氣候的文章，也會(huì)讀一些過去全球氣候正?；蛘弋惓５奈恼?，以與現(xiàn)在的氣候形成對(duì)比?？茖W(xué)家對(duì)氣候的分析是我們這個(gè)話題的常見文章。此類文章一說明文為主，也會(huì)有少數(shù)的記敘文。說明文多是介紹氣候變化的成因已經(jīng)變化過程，也會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些科學(xué)性的分析。此類話題文章的難度較大，文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些平時(shí)我們沒有接觸過的科技名詞或者動(dòng)詞。另外科技發(fā)明及其在現(xiàn)實(shí)中運(yùn)用的說明也是我們理解中的難點(diǎn)。話題常見單詞、短語和句型1. renewable (能再生的), greenhouse (綠室), phenomenon (現(xiàn)象), fuel (燃料), quantity (數(shù)量), data (數(shù)據(jù)), catastrophe (大災(zāi)難), flood (洪水), drought (干旱), famine (饑荒), conseqence (后果), tendency (趨向), average (平均的), pollution (污染), low-carbon (低碳)2. come about (產(chǎn)生), go up (上升), result in (導(dǎo)致), keep on (繼續(xù)), on the whole (總體上), put up with (忍受), be up against 面臨；面對(duì)3. the morethe more, it is only 分級(jí)閱讀part i 完形填空 （cloze test） 1. 模擬樣題搶先看 （first analysis of nmet） 主題：全球變暖 （topic: global warming） 2. 試題自己測測看 （test yourself） 主題：拯救地球上的生物（save the animals and plants in the world）part ii 閱讀理解 試題自己測測看 （test yourself）基礎(chǔ)篇（basic articles） a 全球變暖帶來的危害 (harm brought by global warming) b 人類的活動(dòng)與全球變暖（humans activities and global warming） 拔高篇 （advanced articles） a. 巖土工程(geoengineering)b. 全球變暖的起因(what causes global warming )c. 垃圾回收(waste recycling)part i 完形填空試題自己測測看開始時(shí)間：_/tfk/kids/wr/article/0,28391,1956445,00.html a year ago, the word pangaea meant very little to me. then my younger brother brought home a tfk magazine 1 an article about a world explorer named mike horn. the article explained that kids could 2 to join horn as he sailed across the world, working to 3 the planet. this past summer, i received the most 4 news of my life: i was 5 to go to malaysia aboard horns pangaea yacht.pangaeas goal is to cross every ocean and visit every 6 . pangaea stands for pan global adventure for environmental action, and the missions 7 is “explore, learn, act.” my part of the expedition, with seven other young 8 from around the world, began on october 25, 2009.horn believes that seeing the 9 of our planet makes us want to help 10 it. we explored malaysias beaches, jungles, caves and underwater 11. we saw a huge 12 of animals, from sharks to orangutans.a scientist onboard helped us with five different 13 . we went for more than 15 14 to collect data about coral reefs. we built 15 will hopefully become a coral reef, by 16 a structure out of metal rods, fixing it and 17 an electric current to stimulate reef growth. throughout the journey, we cleaned up 18 .my exciting time 19 pangaea taught me that i can do anything i set my 20 to, and that together, we can save the world.tips:yacht n.游艇 mission n. 使命 orangutans n.猩猩 rod n. 棒 stimulate vt. 刺激 the article explained that kids could apply to join horn as he sailed across the world, working to save the planet.本句中，explained后面跟了賓語從句。在賓語從句中，as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，working為v-ing短語作伴隨狀語。句意：文章解釋說，在霍恩環(huán)球航行，拯救地球的時(shí)候，孩子們可以申請(qǐng)加入。we built what will hopefully become a coral reef, by creating a structure out of metal rods, fixing it and supplying an electric current to stimulate reef growth. 本句中，built后面跟了what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，by表達(dá)方式，后面跟了and連接的三個(gè)v-ing作賓語。句意：通過用金屬棒制作了一個(gè)架子，固定下來，通上電流來刺激珊瑚礁的生長，我們有希望將建立一個(gè)珊瑚礁。體裁：記敘文 總詞數(shù)：247建議用時(shí)：15 mins1. a. publishing b. containing c. explaining d. mentioning 2. a. apply b. decide c. plan d. try 3. a. save b. collect c. record d. grow 4. a. important b. necessary c. pleasant d. surprising 5. a. determined b. disappointedc. selected d. forced 6. a. country b. continent c. island d. village 7. a. motto b. sign c. signal d. saying 8. a. scientists b. sailors c. artists d. explorers9. a. growth b. beauty c. damage d. ranges 10. a. preserve b. build c. watch d. photograph 11. a. fishes b. corals c. plants d. wonders12. a. group b. team c. diversity d. herd 13. a. experiments b. projects c. plans d. courses 14. a. dives b. sails c. trips d. swims 15. a. that b. where c. what d. which 16. a. taking b. bring c. pulling d. creating 17. a. supplying b. attracting c. burying d. moving 18. a. bottoms b. corals c. beaches d. reefs 19. a. aboard b. to c. about d. off 20. a. eyes b. mind c. work d. journey 結(jié)束時(shí)間：_實(shí)際用時(shí)：_正確率：_難度系數(shù)：文章大意：本文是夾敘夾議型的文章。作者首先講述了為了研究與拯救地球上的生物，自己參加了pangaea。乘船環(huán)游世界的過程中，作者感受到了大自然的魅力，也做了大量的工作來挽救陸地和海洋中的生物。從中作者也認(rèn)識(shí)了許多。8. d 聯(lián)系空前的seven other young我們知道，這里不是指科學(xué)家，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)短語表達(dá)出了自己在內(nèi)的其他七個(gè)人，所以稱探險(xiǎn)者更合適。9. b 聯(lián)系下文的malaysias beaches, jungles, caves and underwater 11 (wonders)我們知道，是我們的地球的美麗讓他們幫助保護(hù)地球。c, d有一定干擾性，damage意思是“損害”，從文中我們沒有看到作者提到地球的損害；ranges意思是“山脈”，可以排除。10. a 聯(lián)系前文working to 3 （save）the planet我們可以得此答案。11. d underwater wonders包含了海洋中的動(dòng)植物。12. c 聯(lián)系空后的from sharks to orangutans我們知道，這里只動(dòng)植物的種類。13. b 聯(lián)系后文我們知道，他們十五次潛入海底，并建了一個(gè)發(fā)電裝置，因此說船上的科學(xué)家在工程方面給與他們很大的幫助。14. a 聯(lián)系空后的to collect data about coral reefs我們知道，他們潛入水中。15. c what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在賓語從句中作主語。16. d 聯(lián)系空后的to collect data about coral reefs我們知道，他們制造了一個(gè)裝置。17. a 聯(lián)系空后的to stimulate(刺激) reef growth我們知道這個(gè)電裝置提供電流，刺激暗礁的生長。18. c 聯(lián)系空前的cleaned up我們知道，在整個(gè)旅途中，他們在清理海灘的垃圾。19. a 因?yàn)檫@是pangaea組織的一次航海，因此用aboard，意思是“乘船”。20. b 如果專心，我們可以做一切事情。set mind to意思是“專心”。part 閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)篇a開始時(shí)間：_/news/global-warming-a-rise-in-river-flows-raises-alarm/ global warming: a rise in river flows raises alarm the volume of fresh water pouring from the worlds rivers has risen rapidly since 1994, in what researchers say is further evidence of global warming. the study, led by a team at uc irvine, is the first to estimate global fresh-water flow into the worlds oceans using observations from new satellite technology rather than through computer or hydrological models.the study found that annual fresh-water flow increased 18% from 1994 to 2006, suggesting an acceleration in the global water cycle of evaporation and rainfall, which influences the intensity of storms, floods and droughts.uc irvine earth system science professor jay famiglietti, the principal investigator, said that the data have major meanings for california, where warmer temperatures are already causing earlier snow melt. rising sea levels are expected to significantly change the states long coastline.“until now, we have had no continuous record of global-scale river discharge,” said famiglietti. he noted that the time period of the study was short, but added, “if these trends persist, they will be a smoking gun that the water cycle intensification, predicted by climate scientists, is already upon us.”globally, river flows are often a politically-concerning subject. countries measure the quantity of water locally, and inconsistently, with mechanical or electronic gauges, but they often refuse to share the data, according to hydrologist peter gleick, editor of the biannual “worlds water” survey and director of the oakland-based pacific institute think tank. pakistan and india are in conflict over flows from the indus. israel, palestine and lebanon all depend on the jordan river. ten countries are sharing water along the nile.tips:hydrological adj. 水文學(xué)的 gauge n.計(jì)量 biannual adj. 一年兩次的 think tank 智囊團(tuán)the volume of fresh water pouring from the worlds rivers has risen rapidly since 1994, in what researchers say is further evidence of global warming.本句中，in后面跟了what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。在這個(gè)賓語從句中，researchers say為插入語。句意：自從1994年以來，世界上河流流出的水量在迅速上升，研究者稱這是全球變暖的進(jìn)一步證明。體裁：說明文 總詞數(shù)：269建議用時(shí)： 5 mins1. how do the scientists know global warming has caused the rising volume of fresh water in the river? a. by careful observation from rainfall datas. b. through computer datas. c. through hydrological models d. through satellite technology2. what does the underlined word “ intensity” in the second paragraph mean? a. power or force. b. occasion. c. size. d. harm.3. what makes californias coastline become longer? a. more water from rivers. b. heavy rainfalls. c. melted snow. d. big storms. 4. in the fourth paragraph famiglietti referred to “the water cycle intensification” , what does that mean? a. water shortage b. water pollution. c. unbalanced water distribution. d. storms, floods and droughts. 5. in the last paragraph the writer intends to say _. a. globally, floods are big problems b. the quantity of water in the world still remains a secret. c. pakistan and india have rich water supplies d. the nile supplies enough water for ten countries. 結(jié)束時(shí)間：_實(shí)際用時(shí)：_正確率：_難度系數(shù)：文章大意：本文是說明文。美國科學(xué)家通過對(duì)衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)槿蜃兣?，全球的降水量大大提高，使得很多河流的水呈警戒狀態(tài)。同時(shí)因?yàn)檠┑娜诨?，加利福尼亞海水上漲，使得海岸線延長。全球變暖使得全球的風(fēng)暴、旱澇強(qiáng)度加大。同時(shí)因?yàn)槿蜃兣澜缟嫌晁植疾黄胶?，使得一些國家出現(xiàn)水荒。答案速查：15 dacdb 思路點(diǎn)撥1. d 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一段the first to estimate global fresh-water flow into the worlds oceans using observations from new satellite technology我們知道，科學(xué)家通過衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)分析得出結(jié)論。2. a 詞義理解題。聯(lián)系an acceleration in the global water cycle of evaporation and rainfall我們知道，蒸發(fā)與降水的全球水循環(huán)的加速，增加了風(fēng)暴與旱澇的強(qiáng)度，因此我們得出答案a。3. c 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。聯(lián)系warmer temperatures are already causing earlier snow melt. rising sea levels are expected to significantly change the states long coastline我們知道，是融化的雪使得海水上漲。4. d 推理判斷題。水循環(huán)加劇的惡果就會(huì)降臨到人類的頭上。聯(lián)系前文我們知道，作者在這里用水循環(huán)的加劇指風(fēng)暴、旱澇災(zāi)害。5. b 推理判斷題。聯(lián)系最后一段我們知道，各國都有自己的水量數(shù)據(jù)，但是他們都不互相公開，因此世界水量仍是一個(gè)謎。有的地方水過多，有的地方過少?；A(chǔ)篇b開始時(shí)間：_/history/climate/summary.htmin the early 1970s, the rise of environmentalism raised public doubts about the benefits of human activity for the planet. curiosity about climate turned into anxious concern. alongside the greenhouse effect, some scientists pointed out that human activity was putting dust and smog into the atmosphere, where they could block sunlight and cool the world. moreover, analysis of northern hemisphere weather statistics showed that a cooling trend had begun in the 1940s. the mass media were confused, sometimes predicting a warming globe with coastal areas flooded as the ice caps melted, sometimes warning of the prospect of a catastrophic(悲慘的) new ice age. study groups, first in the u.s. and then elsewhere, began to warn that one or another kind of future climate change might make a severe threat. the only thing most scientists agreed on was that they scarcely understood the climate system, and much more research was needed. research activity did accelerate（加速；促進(jìn)）, including huge data-gathering plans that mobilized（動(dòng)員） international groups of oceanographic ships and orbiting satellites. earlier scientists had sought a single master-key to climate, but now they were coming to understand that climate is an intricate(復(fù)雜的) system responding to a great many influences. volcanic eruptions and solar variations were still causes of change, and some argued these would destroy any effects of human activities. even small changes in the earths orbit could make a difference. to the surprise of many, studies of ancient climates showed that astronomical(天文) cycles had partly set the timing of the ice ages. apparently the climate was so perfectly balanced that almost any small change might set off a great shift. according to the new “chaos” theories, in such a system a shift might even come all by itself and suddenly. support for the idea came from ice centures drilled from the greenland ice sheet. they showed large and abrupt temperature jumps in the past. tips:alongside the greenhouse effect, some scientists pointed out that human activity was putting dust and smog into the atmosphere, where they could block sunlight and cool the world.本句中，that引導(dǎo)了賓語從句，where引導(dǎo)了定語從句。譯文：在提出綠室效應(yīng)的同時(shí)，一些科學(xué)家提出人類的活動(dòng)把灰塵和厭惡投進(jìn)了大氣中，在這里它們可以阻擋陽光，使得這個(gè)世界寒冷。體裁：說明文 總詞數(shù)：315建議用時(shí)： 6 mins1. in the early 1970s why did the weather make people worried? a. they thought the weather would change a lot. b. they didnt know what the weather would become. c. they thought our activities made the weather unsteady. d. they thought our activities made the world more wet. 2. why was the media confused about the scientists analysis ? a. there are two different conclusions about the weather. b. because the weather will turn warmer. c. because we would go into the ice age. d. no one told them how the weather would change. 3. according to the passage, in the 1970s scientists _. a. knew how to deal with the unsteady weather b. wanted to find measurements to deal with the weather change c. found no way to study the weather d. a new ice age would come soon 4. according to the writer, the measurement to deal with the weather change in the 1970s _. a. had some important effect on the weather b. was intricate and could not be carried out c. was taken without the consideration of human activities d. was taken without the consideration of natural disasters 5. what does the underlined word “ abrupt” mean in the last paragraph? a. wide. b. early. c. sudden. d. high. 結(jié)束時(shí)間：_實(shí)際用時(shí)：_正確率：_難度系數(shù)：文章大意： 20世紀(jì)七十年代科學(xué)家就提出了氣候異常變化的理論，但是當(dāng)時(shí)有的人認(rèn)為氣候會(huì)變得越來越冷，有的人提出氣候會(huì)變得越來越熱?？茖W(xué)家也加速了應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的策略的研究，但是因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)考慮的不夠全面，這些辦法沒有起到很大的作用。后來的科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，自然的變化是導(dǎo)致氣候的變化的主要原因，這些變化可以讓人類多年的努力付諸東流。而最近的理論也提出，自然的細(xì)微的變化就會(huì)導(dǎo)致全球氣候變化，而這些變化并不是人類的活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的。答案速查：15 babdc 拔高篇a開始時(shí)間：_/news/threat-of-global-warming-sparks-u-s-interest-in-geoengineering/ threat of global warming sparks u.s. interest in geoengineering its come to this: climate-conscious policymakers are beginning to consider the possibility of playing god with the weather in the hope of slowing global warming.for years it was considered completely stupid in official washington to discuss geoengineering: changing the climate by reflecting sunlight back into the sky, sucking carbon dioxide from the air or a number of other surprising plans. but in the past year the thought won in part by the recent collapse of climate legislation as well as by growing interest among private entrepreneurs and foreign officials.house science and technology committee chairman bart gordon (d-tenn.), whose group will jointly release a report on climate engineering with the british house of commons this month, said the subject is “just now starting to get some attention” even though people recognize the danger in trying to change a complex weather system.“the more you know about it, the more youre concerned about it if we can ever carry it out,” gordon said in an interview. “however, there may be a point where were up against the tipping point, and the consequences of climate change are even worse.”over the next few months, whispering about changing the weather will evolve into written recommendations. several key groups including the government accountability office will issue their thoughts on how best to start a modest federal research program on geoengineering.“were getting a sense that agencies are interested in this topic and would be open, on a certain level, to letting this program go forward,” said jane long, who co-chairs the national commission on energy policys task force.tips:geoengineering n. 巖土工程 collapse n.瓦解 legislation n.立法 entrepreneur n.企業(yè)家 play god 扮演上帝 be up against 面臨；面對(duì)the more you know about it, the more youre concerned about it if we can ever carry it out.本句運(yùn)用了the morethe more的結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“越越”，本句還包含了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。句意：你知道的越多，在我們實(shí)施的過程中，你擔(dān)心越多。體裁：說明文 總詞數(shù)：270建議用時(shí)： 6 mins1. why does america want to carry out geoengineering? a. they want to get more energy from the sun. b. they want to slow global warming. c. they want to have a building project. d. they want to get something useful from the air. 2. geoengineering was thought possible last year as a result of _. a. much discussion among the scientists b. financial help from the government c. failures of many laws about climates and peoples attitude to the plan d. many other countries success in this area3. though the thought has won in part, _ a. people still worry about its safety b. they are short of money c. no one dares to carry it out d. the possibility is still under discussion 4. whats the scientists concern about geoengineering? a. this could make the climate even worse. b. they know little about geoengineering. c. they are short of experienced engineers. d. conditions do not allow them to do so. 5. the purpose of the writer in writing the passage is to tell us _. a. many things impossible in the past are made possible today b. changing the climate is a difficult thing to do c. reflecting the sunlight is a good idea to change the climate d. a project called “geoengineering”結(jié)束時(shí)間：_實(shí)際用時(shí)：_正確率：_難度系數(shù)：文章大意：全球的變暖已經(jīng)引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。一群科學(xué)家正在實(shí)施“巖土工程”，即利用反射太陽光的辦法來改變?nèi)虻臍夂?。這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃得到了人們的部分認(rèn)可，但是科學(xué)家也有自己的擔(dān)心，他們怕這項(xiàng)工程實(shí)施后全球的氣候更加糟糕。答案速查：15 bcaad 思路點(diǎn)撥1. b 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一段in the hope of slowing global warming我們知道，他們實(shí)施巖土工程的目的是想減緩全球變暖。2. c 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從but in the past year the thought won in part by the recent collapse of climate legislation as well as by growing interest among private entrepreneurs and foreign officials我們知道，這項(xiàng)過去認(rèn)為是愚蠢的計(jì)劃現(xiàn)在之所以獲得部分勝利，是因?yàn)樵S多的氣候立法失敗，以及一些企業(yè)家對(duì)這個(gè)工程的興趣在增加。3. a 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從though people recognize the danger in trying to change a complex weather system我們可以得出答案。4. a 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從however, there may be a point where were up against the tipping point, and the consequences of climate change are even worse.我們知道，科學(xué)家也面臨著這樣的一個(gè)問題：他們把氣候變得更加糟糕了。5. d 作者意圖推斷題。作者寫本文的目的是想讓我們知道科學(xué)家在考慮實(shí)施的巖土工程。拔高篇b開始時(shí)間：_/history/climate/summary.htm people have long suspected that human activity could change the local climate. for example, ancient greeks and 19th-century americans debated how cutting down forests might bring more rainfall to a region, or perhaps less. but there were lar