動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式包括動(dòng)詞不定1.doc

動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式包括動(dòng)詞不定式(to do)、動(dòng)名詞(-ing)和分詞(-ing/-ed)三種形式；其中分詞又包含現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種形式。它們?cè)诰渥又胁荒軉为?dú)作謂語(yǔ)。* 中考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查主要集中在以下三方面：1. 動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)；2. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)；3. 固定句型和固定詞組搭配。* 一、不定式 1. 動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式為：to + 動(dòng)詞原形 （to是不定式符號(hào)，本身無(wú)詞義。） 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式為：not + to + 動(dòng)詞原形2. 動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能：. 作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在后面，其結(jié)構(gòu)為： It + be + adj. + (for/of sb.) + 動(dòng)詞不定式To learn English well is useful. = It is useful to learn English well.*（如: important, necessary, useful, 等形容事情的形容詞后，用for；）（如: kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，用of。）Its important for us to protect the environment. 對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)保護(hù)環(huán)境很重要。Its very kind of you to help me. 你幫助我真是太好了。Its very clever of you to do like that. 你那樣做真是太聰明了。. 作賓語(yǔ) 有一些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和固定搭配有：* like, would like, want, try, agree, disagree, begin, start, decide, refuse, stop, forget, remember, hope, wish, learn, seem, , need, pretend（假裝）* have time to do sth. used to do sth. get/have a chance to do sth. get/have an opportunity to do sth. try/do ones best to do sth. make up ones mind to do sth.=make a decision to do sth.= decide to do be supposed to do sth.（應(yīng)該做某事） be willing to do sth.（愿意做某事）in order to do sth.（為了）I want to go to the beach for my holiday. 我想去海灘度假。 He hopes to be a lawyer in the future. 他希望將來(lái)當(dāng)一名律師。 I try to eat a lot of vegetables. 我盡量吃很多蔬菜。（8上Unit 1） Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看電影嗎？* 在think, find后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在后面。 He found it hard to catch up with his classmates. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難趕上他的同學(xué)們。* 常見(jiàn)的一些不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)：Why not .? had better . would rather than Could /Would/ Will you please .?Could you please give me some suggestions for vacation spots?你能給我提點(diǎn)關(guān)于度假場(chǎng)所的建議嗎？ （9全Unit 7）I would rather stay at home than go out with you. 我寧愿呆在家也不愿和你出去。. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。（也就是：不定式的動(dòng)作是由作賓語(yǔ)的人來(lái)做的。） * 動(dòng)詞tell, ask, want, allow, get, teach, would like, encourage后常跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)My mother wants me to drink milk every day.She invited me to come to her party yesterday. The teacher asked us to be quiet in the classroom.My father himself taught me to play the piano when I was young. My friend, Kim, encouraged my sister to learn French.* 一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后也用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但這時(shí)的不定式的to要省略。這些動(dòng)詞有：一感（feel）、一聽(tīng)（hear）、一幫助（help）、三讓（let, make, have）、三看（see, watch, notice）要記住。但這些動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。Now let me hear you play the violin. 現(xiàn)在讓我來(lái)聽(tīng)你拉小提琴。 主動(dòng)：The boss often made the workers work 16 hours a day. 這個(gè)老板經(jīng)常讓工人一天工作16小時(shí)。 被動(dòng)：The workers were made to work 16 hours a day by the boss.主動(dòng)：I saw him enter the classroom just now. 我剛才看見(jiàn)他進(jìn)了教室。被動(dòng)：He was seen to enter the classroom just now.* see，watch，hear，notice之后的用不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，含義不同，需特別注意。試比較：I often hear her sing in the next door.我經(jīng)常聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在隔壁房間唱歌。（經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作）I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.我坐在她附近聽(tīng)她唱新歌。 （指整個(gè)過(guò)程）I heard her singing when I walked past.我路過(guò)時(shí)聽(tīng)到她正在唱歌。 （指當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）. 作表語(yǔ) 多數(shù)情況下，不定式和動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換成作主語(yǔ)。My work is to clean the room every day. = To clean the room every day is my work.His hobby is collecting stamps. = Collecting stamps is his hobby. . 作定語(yǔ) * 不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞后。那個(gè)名詞就是不定式里動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作業(yè)要做。Would you like something to eat? 你想吃點(diǎn)什么嗎？I was the first one to hand in the exam paper. 我是第一個(gè)交試卷的。I have a little sister to look after at home. 我家里有個(gè)小妹妹要照顧。There is nothing to worry about. 沒(méi)什么可擔(dān)心的。I dont have a partner to practice English with. 我沒(méi)有和我練習(xí)英語(yǔ)的伙伴。They could not find a place to live in. 他們找不到住的地方。 Please give me a chair to sit on. 請(qǐng)給我一張椅子坐坐。 . 作目的狀語(yǔ)* 放在不及物動(dòng)詞come, go, stop, finish, wait等詞的后面，表示目的。She went to see her grandma last Sunday. 她上周日去看她奶奶了。He came to give a talk yesterday. 他昨天來(lái)給我們做了個(gè)報(bào)告。I stopped to have a rest. 我停下來(lái)休息一會(huì)兒。They waited in line to buy the tickets to the concert. 他們排隊(duì)等候買(mǎi)音樂(lè)會(huì)的票。He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他跑地如此快是為了趕頭班車。Im sorry to hear that he had a cold last week. 聽(tīng)說(shuō)他上周感冒了，我很難過(guò)。 . 不定式常和疑問(wèn)詞what, which, when, where, how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。Im very upset and dont know what to do. 我很不安并且不知道做什么。 = Im very upset and dont know what I should do.We didnt decide where to go for this vacation. 我們還沒(méi)決定假期要去哪。 = We didnt decide where we should go for this vacation.Can you teach me how to search the Internet? 你能教我怎樣上網(wǎng)嗎？ = Can you teach me how I could search the Internet?He does not know which one to take / choose. 他不知道該選哪個(gè)。 = He does not know which one he should take / choose.* 注意: I dont know what to do. = I dont know how to do it. 我不知道怎么做。 請(qǐng)你完成以下的練習(xí)：1. She asked me _ (say) something about my school.2. Tom, please ask your friends _ (not run) in the hallways. Its dangerous.3. I often help my mother _ (do) some cleaning.4. Would you like _ (have) a cup of coffee?5. She wants _ (buy) a book about animals.6. Please tell him _ (finish) his homework today.7. He is often the last one _ (go) home. Its time _ (have) classes.8. My teacher asks me _ (stand) up.9. -Do you need _ (order) some milk for breakfast? -Yes, I do.10. Its so nice _ (meet) you here. Im sorry _ (tell) you the bad news.11. It took me ten minutes _ (walk) to school.12. Would you like something _ (drink)?13. Im very hungry. Id like something _ (eat).14. They have a lot of books _ (read).15. Hed like _ (come) over to your house.16. Would you like _ (have) something to eat?17. Could you please _ (close) the door for me?18. The boy is trying (climb) the tree. That girl wants (go) skating.19. Lin Ping is a very funny boy. He can make your baby _ (stop) crying.20. Why dont you let your son _ (join) the football team?21. The young people are watching the singer _ (sing) at the theater.22. Her father asks her brother _ (not waste) time.23. He will have to get up _ (meet) his friends tomorrow morning. 24. The man is going to buy a computer _ (search) the Internet.25. Could you give him something _ (do)?26. He has much homework _ (do) every day. 27. The teacher is showing the students how _ (use) a computer.28. We dont know where _ (find) a book about sharks.29. The girl cant decide which sweater _ (buy).30. Linda always helps me _ (study) math in my home.31. You look so tired. You should stop _ (have) a rest.32. Tom, please stop _ (make) so much noise. You will disturb others.33. Dont stop _ (sing)! You have a beautiful voice. You can keep _ (sing) here. I like _ (listen) to your voice.34. When I passed the classroom, I heard someone _ (read) English loudly.35. I often hear Lucy _ (sing) songs in her bedroom.36. Maggie often sees some boy _ (play) soccer on the playground.37. Ive got used to _ (eat) the food in China. And I find it is quite delicious.38. My father used to _ (live) in the countryside. Now he lives in a big city.39. I made up my mind _ (study) hard at my spoken