UCP500條款跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例.doc

UCP500條款跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例A. 總則與定義 第一條 統(tǒng)一慣例的適用范圍跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例，年修訂本即，國(guó)際商會(huì)第號(hào)出版物，適用于所有在信用正文本中標(biāo)明按本慣例辦理的跟單信用證（包括本慣例適用范圍內(nèi)的備用信用證），除非信用證中另有明確規(guī)定，本慣例對(duì)一切有關(guān)當(dāng)事人均具有約束力。Article 1. Application of UCP The Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, 1993 Revision, ICC Publication No. 500, shall apply to all documentary Credits (including to the extent to which they may be applicable, Standby Letter(s) of Credit) where they are incorporated into the text of the Credit. They are binding on all parties thereto, unless otherwise expressly stipulated in the Credit第二條 信用證的意義就本慣例而言，跟單信用證和備用信用證（以下統(tǒng)稱(chēng)信用證）意指一項(xiàng)約定，不論其如何命名或描述，系指一家銀行（開(kāi)證行）應(yīng)客戶(hù)（申請(qǐng)人）的要求和指示或以其自身的名義，在與信用證條款相符的條件下，憑規(guī)定和單據(jù)： I. 向第三者（受益人）或其指定人付款，或承兌并支付受益人出具的匯票，或 II. 授權(quán)另一家銀行付款，或承兌并支付該匯票，或 III.授權(quán)另一家銀行議付。就本慣例而言，一家銀行在不同國(guó)家設(shè)立的分支機(jī)構(gòu)均視為另一家銀行。 Article 2. Meaning of Credit For the purposes of these Articles, the expressions Documentary Credit (s) and Standby Letter(s) of Credit (hereinafter referred to as Credit (s) ), mean any arrangement, however named or described, whereby a bank(the Issuing Bank) acting at the request and on the instructions of a customer (the Applicant) or on its own behalf, i) is to make a payment to or to the order of a third party(the Beneficiary), or is to accept and pay bills of exchange(Draft(s) drawn by the Beneficiary, or ii) authorises another bank to effect such payment, or to accept and pay such bills of exchange(Draft(s), or iii) authorises another bank to negotiate, against stipulated document(s), provided that the terms and conditions of the Credit are complied with. For the purposes of these Articles, branches of a bank in different countreis are considered another bank. 第三條 信用證與合同a. 就性質(zhì)而言，信用證與可能作為其依據(jù)的銷(xiāo)售合同或其它合同，是相互獨(dú)立的兩種交易。即使信用證中提及該合同，銀行亦與該合同完全無(wú) 關(guān)，且不受其約束。因此，一家銀行作出付款、承兌并支付匯票或議付及或履行信用證項(xiàng)下其它義務(wù)的承諾，并不受申請(qǐng)人與開(kāi)證行之間或與受益人之間在已有關(guān)系下產(chǎn)生的索償或抗辯的制約。 b. 受益人在任何情況下，不得利用銀行之間或申請(qǐng)人與開(kāi)證行之間的契約關(guān)系。 Article 3. Credits v. Contracts a. Credits, by their nature, are separate transactions from the sales or other contract(s) on which they may be based and banks are in no way concerned with or bound by such contract(s), even if any reference whatsoever to such contract(s) is included in the Credit. Consequently, the undertaking of a bank to pay, accept and pay Draft(s) or negotiate and/or to fulfil any other obligation under the Credit, is not subject to claims or defences by the Applicant resulting from his relationships with the Issuing Bank or the Beneficiary. b. A Beneficiary can in no case avail himself of the contractual relationships existing between the banks or between the Applicant and the Issuing Bank. 第四條 單據(jù)與貨物服務(wù)行為在信用證業(yè)務(wù)中，各有關(guān)當(dāng)事人處理的只是單據(jù)，而不是單據(jù)所涉及的貨物、服務(wù)/或其它行為。Article 4. Documents v. Goods/Services/Performances In Credit operations all parties concerned deal with documents, and not with goods, services and/or other performances to which the documents may relate. 第五條 開(kāi)立或修改信用證的指示 a. 開(kāi)證指示、信用證本身、對(duì)信用證的修改指示或修改書(shū)本身均必須完整和明確。為防止混淆和誤解，銀行應(yīng)勸阻下列意圖 I.在信用證或其任何修改書(shū)中，加注過(guò)多細(xì)節(jié) II.在指示開(kāi)立、通知或保兌一個(gè)信用證時(shí)，勿引用先前開(kāi)立的信用證（參照前證），而該前證受到已被接受及或未被接受的修改所約束。b. 有關(guān)開(kāi)立信用證的一切指示和信用證本身，如有修改時(shí)，有關(guān)修改的一切指示和修改書(shū)本身都必須明確表明據(jù)以付款、承兌或議付的單據(jù)。 Article 5. Instructions to Issue/Amend Credits a. Instructions for the issuance of a Credit, the Credit itself, instructions for an amendment thereto, and the amendment itself, must be complete and precise. In order to guard against confusion and misunderstanding, banks should discourage any attempt i) to include excessive detail in the Credit or in any amendment thereto; ii) to give instructions to issue, advise or confirm a Credit by reference to a Credit previously issued (similar Credit) where such previous Credit has been subject to accepted amendment(s), and/or unaccepted amendment(s), b. All instructions for the issuance of a Credit and the Credit itself and, where applicable, all instructions for an amendment thereto and the amendment itself, must state precisely the document(s) against which payment, acceptance or negotiation is to be made. 、信用證的形式與通知第六條 可撤銷(xiāo)信用證與不可撤銷(xiāo)信用證a信用證可以是：1.可撤銷(xiāo)的，或 2.不可撤銷(xiāo)的。b因此信用證上應(yīng)明確注明是可撤銷(xiāo)的或是不可撤銷(xiāo)的。c如無(wú)此項(xiàng)注明，應(yīng)視為不可撤銷(xiāo)的。B. FORM AND NOTIFICATIOIN OF CREDITS Article 6. Revocable v. Irrevocable Credits a. A Credit may be either i) revocable, or ii) irrevocable. b. The Credit, therefore, should clearly indicate whether it is revocable or irrevocable. c. In the absence of such indication the Credit shall be deemed to be irrevocable. 第七條 通知行的責(zé)任a信用證可經(jīng)另一家銀行（通知行）通知受益人，但通知行無(wú)須承擔(dān)付款承諾之責(zé)任。如通知行決定通知信用證，就應(yīng)合理審慎地核驗(yàn)所通知的信用證的表面真實(shí)性。如通知行決定不通知信用證，就必須不延誤地告知開(kāi)證行。b如通知行不能確定信用證的表面真實(shí)性，就必須不延誤地告知發(fā)出該指示的銀行，說(shuō)明本行不能確定該信用證的真實(shí)性。如通知行仍決定通知，則必須告知受益人本行不能核對(duì)信用證的真實(shí)性。 Article 7. Advising Banks Liability a. A Credit may be advised to a Beneficiary through another bank(the Advising Bank) without engagement on the part of the Advising Bank, but that bank, if it elects to advise the Credit, shall take reasonable care to check the apparent authenticity of the Credit which it advises. If the bank elects not to advise the Credit, it must so inform the Issuing Bank without delay. b. If the Advising Bank cannot establish such apparent authenticity it must inform, without delay, the bank from which the instructions appear to have been received that it has been unable to establish the authenticity of the Credit and if it elects nonetheless to advise the Credit it must inform the Beneficiary that it has not been able to establish the authen, ticity of the Credit. 第八條 信用證的撤銷(xiāo)a可撤銷(xiāo)的信用證可以由開(kāi)證行隨時(shí)修改或撤銷(xiāo)，不必事先通知受益人。b然而，開(kāi)證行必須做到： I. 對(duì)辦理可撤銷(xiāo)信用證項(xiàng)下即期付款、承兌或議付的另一家銀行，在其收到修改或撤銷(xiāo)通知之前已憑表面與信用證條款相符的單據(jù)作出的任何 付款、承兌或議付者，予以?xún)敻叮?II. 對(duì)辦理可撤銷(xiāo)信用證項(xiàng)下延期付款的另一家銀行，在其收到修改或撤銷(xiāo)通知之前已接受表面與信用證條款相符的單據(jù)者，予以?xún)敻?。Article 8. Revocation of a Credit a. A revocable Credit may be amended or cancelled by the Issuing Bank at any moment and without prior notice to the Beneficiary. b. However, the Issuing Bank must: i) reimburse another bank with which a revocable Credit has been made available for sight payment, acceptance or negotiation-for any payment, acceptance or negotiation made by such bank-prior to receipt by it of notice of amendment or cancellation, against documents which appear on their face to be in compliance with the terms and conditions of the Credit, ii) reimburse another bank with which a revocable Credit has been made available for deferred payment, if such a bank has, prior to receipt by it of notice of amendment or cancellation, taken up documents which appear on their face to be in compliance with the terms and conditions of the Credit. 第九條 開(kāi)證行與保兌行的責(zé)任 a. 對(duì)不可撤銷(xiāo)的信用證而言，在信用證規(guī)定的單據(jù)全部提交指定銀行或開(kāi)證行，并且這些單據(jù)又符合信用證條款的規(guī)定時(shí)，便構(gòu)成開(kāi)證行的確定承諾： I.對(duì)即期付款的信用證即期付款； 對(duì)延期付款的信用證按信用證規(guī)定所確定的到期日付款； 對(duì)承兌信用證，分兩種情況： （a）凡匯票由開(kāi)證行承兌者承兌受益人出具的以開(kāi)證行為付款人的匯票，并于到期日支付票款，或（b）凡匯票由另一受票銀行承兌者如信用證規(guī)定的受票銀行對(duì)于以其為付款人的匯票不予承兌，則應(yīng)由開(kāi)證行承兌并在到期日支付受益人出具的以開(kāi)證行為付款人的匯票，或者，如受票銀行對(duì)匯票已承兌但到期不付者，則開(kāi)證行應(yīng)予支付。 對(duì)議付信用證應(yīng)根據(jù)受益人依照信用證出具的匯票及或提交的單據(jù)向出票人及或善意持票人履行付款，不得追索。開(kāi)立信用證時(shí)不應(yīng)以信用證申請(qǐng)人作為匯票付款人。如信用證仍規(guī)定匯票付款人為申請(qǐng)人，銀行將視此匯票為附加的單據(jù)。b. 根據(jù)開(kāi)證行的授權(quán)或要求另一家銀行（保兌行）對(duì)不可撤銷(xiāo)信用證加具保兌，當(dāng)信用證規(guī)定的單據(jù)提交到保兌行或任何另一家指定銀行時(shí)，在單據(jù)符合信用證規(guī)定的情況下，則構(gòu)成保兌行在開(kāi)證行的承諾之外的確定承諾，即：對(duì)即期付款的信用證保兌行應(yīng)即期付款；對(duì)延期付款的信用證保兌行應(yīng)按信用證規(guī)定所確定的到期日付款；對(duì)承兌信用證，分兩種情況： （a）凡匯票由保兌行承兌者保兌行應(yīng)承兌受益人出具的以保兌行為付款人的匯票，并于到期日支付票款 （b）凡匯票由另一受票銀行承兌者如信用證規(guī)定的受票銀行對(duì)于以其為付款人的匯票不予承兌，則應(yīng)由保兌行承兌并在到期日支付受益人出 具的以開(kāi)證行為付款人的匯票，或者，如受票銀行對(duì)匯票已承兌但到期不付者，則保兌行應(yīng)予支付。 對(duì)議付信用證保兌行應(yīng)根據(jù)受益人依照信用證出具的匯票及或提交的單據(jù)，對(duì)出票人及或善意持票人予以議付，不得追索。開(kāi)立信 用證時(shí)不應(yīng)以信用證申請(qǐng)人作為匯票付款人。如信用證仍規(guī)定匯票付款人為申請(qǐng)人，銀行將視此匯票為附加的單據(jù)。c. I.如開(kāi)證行授權(quán)或要求另一家銀行對(duì)信用證加具保兌，而該銀行不準(zhǔn)備照辦時(shí)，就必須不延誤地告知開(kāi)證行.II.除非開(kāi)證行在其授權(quán)或要求加具保兌的指示中另有專(zhuān)門(mén)規(guī)定，否則通知行可以不加保兌就把未經(jīng)保兌的信用證通知給受益人。d除本慣例第條另有規(guī)定外，凡未經(jīng)開(kāi)證行、保兌行（如有）以及受益人同意，不可撤銷(xiāo)信用證既不能修改也不能撤銷(xiāo)。 自發(fā)出信用證修改書(shū)之時(shí)起，開(kāi)證行就不可撤銷(xiāo)地受本行發(fā)出的修改的約束。保兌行可將其保兌承諾擴(kuò)展至修改內(nèi)容，且自其通知該修改之 時(shí)起，即不可撤銷(xiāo)地受修改的約束。然而，保兌行可選擇僅將修改通知受益人而不對(duì)其加具保兌，但必須不延誤地將此情況通知開(kāi)證行和受益人。 在受益人向通知修改的銀行表示接受該修改內(nèi)容之前，原信用證（或先前已接受修改的信用證）的條款對(duì)受益人仍然有效。受益人應(yīng)發(fā)出接 受修改或拒絕接受修改的通知。如受益人未提供上述通知，當(dāng)他提交給指定銀行或開(kāi)證行的單據(jù)與信用證以及尚未表示接受的修改的通知，并從此時(shí)起，該信用證已作了修改。 對(duì)同一修改通知中的修改內(nèi)容不允許部分接受，因而，部分接受修改內(nèi)容當(dāng)屬無(wú)效。 Article 9. Liability of Issuing and Confirming Banks a. An irrevocable Credit constitutes a definite undertaking of the Issuing Bank, provided that the stipulated documents are presented to the Nominated Bank or to the Issuing Bank and that the terms and conditions of the Credit are complied with: i) if the Credit provides for sight payment-to pay at sight; ii) if the Credit provides for deferred payment-to pay on the maturity date(s) determinable in accordance with the stipulations of the Credit; iii) if the Credit provides for acceptance; (a) by the Issuing Bank-to accept Draft(s) drawn by the Beneficiarq on the Issuing Bank and pay them at maturity, or (b) by another drawee bank-to accept and pay at maturity Draft(s) drawn by the Beneficiary on the Issuing Bank in the event the drawee bank stipulated in the Credit does not accept Draft(s) drawn on it, or to pay Draft(s) accepted but not paid by such drawee bank at maturity; iv) if the Credit provides for negotiation-to pay without recourse to drawers and/or bona fide holders, Draft(s) drawn by the Benefici ary and/or document(s) presented under the Credit. A Credit should not be issued available by Draft(s) on the Applicant. If the Credit nevertheless calls for Draft(s) on the Applicant, banks will consider such Draft(s) as an additional document(s). b. A confirmation of an irrevocable Credit by another bank (theConfirminn Bank) upon the authorisation or request of the Issuing Bank, constitutes a definite undertaking of the Confirming Bank, in addition to that of the Issuing Bank, provided that the stipulated documents are presented to the Confirming Bank or to any other Nominated Bank and that the terms and conditions of the Credit are complied with: i) if the Credit provides for sight payment-to pay at sight; ii) if the Credit provides for deferred payment-to pay on the maturity date(s) determinable in accordance with the stipulations of the Credit; iii) if the Credit provides for acceptance: (a) by the Confirming Bank-to accept Draft(s) drawn by the Beneficiary on the Confirming Bank and pay them at maturity, or (b) by another drawee bank-to accept and pay at maturity Draft(s) drawn by the Beneficiary on the Confirming Bank, in the event the drawee bank stipulated in the Credit does not accept Draft(s) drawn on it, or to pay Draft(s) accepted but not paid by such drawee bank at maturity; iv) if the Credit provides for negotiation-to negotiate without recourse to drawers and/or bonafide holders, Draft(s) drawn by the Beneficiary and/or document(s) presented under the Credit. A Credit should not be issued available by Draft(s) on the Applicant. If the Credit nevertheless calls for Draft(s) on the Applicant, banks will consider such Draft(s) as an additional document(s). c. i) If another bank is authorised or requested by the Issuing Bank to add its confirmation to a Credit but is not prepared to do so, it must so inform the Issuing Bank without delay. ii) Unless the Issuing Bank specifies otherwise in its authorisation or request to add confirmation, the Advising Bank may advise the Credit to the Beneficiary without adding its confirmation. d. i) Except as otherwise provided by Article 48, an Irrevocable Credit can neither be amended nor cancelled without the agreement of the Issuing Bank, the Confirming Bank, if any, and the Beneficiary. ii) The Issuing Bank shall be irrevocably bound by an amendment(s) issued by it from the time of the issuance of such amendment(s). A Confirming Bank may extend its confirmation to an amendment and shall be irrevocably bound as of the time of its advice of the amendment. A Confirming Bank may, however, choose to advise an amendment to the Beneficiary without extending its confirmation and if so, must inform the Issuing Bank and the Beneficiary without delay. iii) The terms of the original Credit(or a Credit incorporating previously accepted amendment(s) will remain in force for the Beneficiary until the Beneficiary communicates his acceptance of the amendment to the bank that advised such amendment. The Beneficiary should give notification of acceptance or rejection of amendment (s). If the Beneficiary fails to give such notification, the tender of documents to the Nominated Bank or Issuing Bank, that conform to the Credit and to not yet accepted amendment(s), will be deemed to be notification of acceptance by the Beneficiary of such amendment(s) and as of that moment the Credit will be amended. iv) Partial acceptance of amendments contained in one and the same advice of amendment is not allowed and consequently will not be given any effect. 第十條 信用證的種類(lèi)a一切信用證均須明確表示它適用于即期付款、延期付款、承兌抑或議付。b.除非信用證規(guī)定只能由開(kāi)證行辦理這項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)，否則一切信用證均須指定某家銀行（稱(chēng)：指定銀行）并授權(quán)其付款、承擔(dān)延期付款責(zé)任、承兌匯票或議付。對(duì)自由議付的信用證，任何銀行均可為指定銀行。單據(jù)必須提交給開(kāi)證行或保兌行（如有）或其它任何指定銀行。 .議付意指被授權(quán)議付的銀行對(duì)匯票及或單據(jù)付出對(duì)價(jià)。僅審核單據(jù)而未付對(duì)價(jià)者，不構(gòu)成議付。c除非指定銀行是保兌行，否則，開(kāi)證行的指定并不能使被指定銀行負(fù)有付款、承諾延期付款、承兌匯票或議付的責(zé)任。除非指定銀行已明確同 意并告知受益人，否則，它收受及或?qū)徍思盎蜣D(zhuǎn)交單據(jù)的行為，并不意味著它對(duì)付款、承擔(dān)延期付款責(zé)任、承兌匯票或議付負(fù)有責(zé)任。d如開(kāi)證行指定另一家銀行、或允許任何銀行議付、或授權(quán)、或要求另一家銀行加具保兌，開(kāi)證行即據(jù)此分別授權(quán)上述銀行憑表面與信用證條款 相符的單據(jù)辦理付款、承兌匯票或者議付，并保證依照本慣例對(duì)上述銀行予以?xún)敻?。Article 10. Types of Credit a. All Credits must clearly indicate whether they are available by sight payment, by deferred payment, by acceptance or by negotiation. b. i) Unless the Credit stipulates that it is available only with the Issuing Bank, all Credits must nominate the bank(the Nominated Bank) which is authorised to pay, to incur a deferred payment undertaking, to accept Draft(s) or to negotiate. In a freely negotiabe Credit, any bank is a Nominated Bank. Presentation of documents must be made to the Issuing Bank or the Confirming Bank, if any, or any other Nominated Bank. Negotiation means the giving of value for Draft(s) and/or document(s) by the bank authorised to negotiate. Mere examination of the documents without giving of value does not constitute a negotiation. c. Unless the Nominated Bank is the Confirming Bank, nomination by the Issuing Bank does not constitute any undertaking by the Nominated Bank to pay, to incur a deferred payment undertaking, to accept Draft (s), or to negotiate. Except where expressly agreed to by the Nominated Bank and so communicated to the Beneficiary, the Nominated Banks receipt of and/or examination and/or forwarding of the documents does not make that bank liable to pay, to incur a deferred payment undertaking, to accept Draft(s), or to negotiate. d. By nominating another bank, or by allowing for negotiation by any bank, or by authorising or requesting another bank to add its confirmation, the Issuing Bank authorises such bank to pay, accept Draft(s) or negotiate as the case may be, against documents which appear on their face to be in compliance with the terms and conditions of the Credit and undertakes to reimburse such bank in accordance with the provisions of these Articles.第十一條 電訊傳遞的信用證與預(yù)先通知的信用證a當(dāng)開(kāi)證行使用密碼證實(shí)的電訊方式指示通知行通知信用證或修改信用證時(shí)，該電訊即視為有效的信用證文件或有效的修改書(shū)，不應(yīng)再寄送電 報(bào)證實(shí)書(shū)。如仍寄送證實(shí)書(shū)，則該證實(shí)書(shū)當(dāng)屬無(wú)效，通知行也沒(méi)有義務(wù)將證實(shí)書(shū)與所收到的以電訊方式傳遞的有效信用證文件或有效的修改書(shū)進(jìn) 行核對(duì)。若該電訊說(shuō)明詳情后告（或類(lèi)似詞語(yǔ)）或聲明嗣后寄出的證實(shí)書(shū)將是有效的信用證文件或有效的修改，則該電訊系無(wú)效的信用證文件或 修改書(shū)。開(kāi)證行必須不延誤地向通知行寄送有效的信用證文件或有效的修改書(shū)。 b如一家銀行利用另一家通知行的服務(wù)將信用證通知給受益人，它也必須利用同一家銀行的服務(wù)通知修改書(shū)。c只有準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)立有效信用證或修改書(shū)的開(kāi)證行，才可以對(duì)不可撤銷(xiāo)信用證開(kāi)立或修改書(shū)發(fā)出預(yù)先通知書(shū)。除非開(kāi)證行在其預(yù)先通知書(shū)中另有規(guī)定，否則，發(fā)出預(yù)先通知的開(kāi)證行應(yīng)不可撤銷(xiāo)地保證不延誤地開(kāi)出或修改信用證，且條款不能與預(yù)先通知書(shū)相矛盾。Article 11. Teletransmitted and Pre-Advised Credits a. i) When an Issuing Bank instructs an Advising Bank by an authenticated teletransmission to advise a Credit or an amendment to a Credit, the teletransmission will be deemed to be the operative Credit instrument or the operative amendment, and no mail confirmation should be sent. Should a mail confirmation nevertheless be sent, it will have no effect and the Advising Bank will have no obligation to check such mail confirmation against the operative Credit instrument or the operative amendment received by teletransmission. ii) If the teletransmission states full details to follow(or words of similar effect) or states that the mail confirmation is to be the operative Credit instrument or the operative amendment, then the teletransmission will not be deemed to be the operative Credit instrument or the operative amendment. The Issuing Bank must forward the operative Credit instrument or the operative amendment to such Advising Bank without delay. b. If a bank uses the services of an Advising Bank to have the Credit advised to the Beneficiary, it must also use the services of the same bank for advising an amendment(s) c. A preliminary advice of the issuance or amendment of an irrevocable Credit(pre-advice), shall only be given by an Issuing Bank if such bank is prepared to issue-the operative Credit instrument or the operative amendment thereto. Unless otherwise stated in such preliminary advice by the Issuing Bank, an Issuing Bank having given such pre-advice shall be irrevocably committed to issue or amend the Credit, in terms not inconsistent with the pre-advice, without delay. 第十二條 不完整或不清楚的指示如所收到的有關(guān)通知、保兌或修改信用證的指示不完整或不清楚，則被要求執(zhí)行該指示的銀行可以給受益人一份預(yù)先通知，僅供其參考，但該行不負(fù)任何責(zé)任。該預(yù)先通知書(shū)應(yīng)清楚地聲明本通知書(shū)僅供參考，且通知行不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。但通知行必須將所采取的行動(dòng)告知開(kāi)證行，并要求開(kāi)證行 提供必要的內(nèi)容。開(kāi)證行必須不延誤地提供必要的內(nèi)容。只有通知行收到完整明確的指示，并準(zhǔn)備執(zhí)行時(shí)，方得通知、保兌或修改信用證。 Article 12. Incomplete or Unclear Instructions If incomplete or unclear instructions are received to advise, confirm or amend a Credit, the bank requested to act on such instructions may give preliminary notification to the Beneficiary for information only and without responsibility. This preliminary notification should state clearly that the notification is provided for information only and without the responsibility oif the Advising Bank. In any event, the Advising Bank must inform the Issuing Bank of the action taken and request it to provide the necessary informatioin. The Issuing Bank must provide the necessary information without delay. The Credit will be advised, confirmed or amended, only when complete an