★L(fēng)esson 37 The Olympic Games.doc

Lesson 37 The Olympic Games Olympic adj. 奧林匹克的 the Olympic games 奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)the Games，一般大型運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)用games) hold (held，held) v. 召開(kāi) vt. 拿著，抓住，抱住 Please hold the bady while I take off my coat. Why are you holding my bag? 容納，裝得下，包含 This cup cant hold much water. 這杯子裝不了多少水。 The stadium can hold 20,000 people. 舉行，進(jìn)行（會(huì)議、會(huì)談等）；慶祝（節(jié)日）；紀(jì)念 have a meeting = hold a meeting 召開(kāi)會(huì)議 hold習(xí)慣用被動(dòng)： The Olympic games will be held in China in 2008. (two thousand eight) A festival is held at Edinburgh every year. 節(jié)日慶典每年在愛(ài)丁堡舉行一次. We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow to discuss the subject. 明天我們準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)一次會(huì)來(lái)討論這個(gè)議題. The next conference will be held in Geneva. 下次會(huì)議將在日內(nèi)瓦舉行. immense adj. 巨大的 fantastic adj. 巨大的 fantastic adj. 巨大的(建筑等，表驚嘆)，好極的, 宏偉的 immense adj. 極大的, 無(wú)邊的, 一望無(wú)際的 The universe is immense. immense ocean big adj.（一般的）大的 big man 大人物 large adj. 數(shù)量的大, 尺寸的大 large man 大塊頭 great adj. 偉大的, 重要的 great man 偉人 huge adj.(體積的)巨大的, 龐大，極大的, 無(wú)限的 stadium n. 露天體育場(chǎng) playground n. 操場(chǎng) sports field 運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng), 體育場(chǎng)（sports 各種各樣的運(yùn)動(dòng)） gymnasium n. 健身房，體育館；體育 籃球場(chǎng) gym ；足球場(chǎng) stadium standard n. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) high standard 高標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Olympic-standard 奧林匹克標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)中的最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn))（復(fù)合形容詞：形容詞+名詞） capital n. 首都 capital adj. 大寫(xiě)的, 重要的 capital punishment 極刑 (punishment n.懲罰, 處罰, 懲處) hot seat 電椅（國(guó)外的極刑） design v. 設(shè)計(jì) vt. &vi. 設(shè)計(jì)圖樣 George has designed a new bridge. vt. &vi. 打算（做），計(jì)劃 He designed to enter for the competition. This book is designed for foreign tourist. n. 圖樣，圖紙；設(shè)計(jì) Susan has just drawn a design for a new dress. Here is the design of the new house. designer n. 設(shè)計(jì)師 welldesigned 設(shè)計(jì)不錯(cuò)的（復(fù)合形容詞：副詞+過(guò)去分詞） 【課文講解】 1、The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years time. in four years time 四年之后（in常與將來(lái)時(shí)連用表示“時(shí)間之后”） He will be back in ten minutes or half an hour. four years later 四年后 four years ago 四年前 2、As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool. as/because 原因，as 是連詞，引出原因狀語(yǔ)從句，as 用于表示原因時(shí)通常位于句首，它所表明的原因?qū)τ谥v話(huà)對(duì)象可能是已知的，因此沒(méi)必要再予以強(qiáng)調(diào)。because 任何時(shí)候都可代替 as，來(lái)說(shuō)明一種或幾種原因，但 as則不一定總能代替because。because一般跟在主句后面，強(qiáng)調(diào)講話(huà)的對(duì)象可能不知道的原因。 As you cant type the letter yourself, youll have to ask Susan to do it for you. Jims trying to save more money because he wants to buy a car. a large number of people = a great many people 大批的人 an immense stadium 一個(gè)大型體育場(chǎng) a new Olympic-standard swimming pool 一個(gè)新的奧運(yùn)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的游泳池 3、They will also be building new roads and a special railway line. be building 修建 a special railway-line 專(zhuān)線(xiàn)鐵路 4、Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. by the end of this year 到今年年底前 by the end of next year 到明年年底前 by是完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志, 表示“到為止，在之前，并不晚于某時(shí)的任何時(shí)間”，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的名詞名詞連用，只能與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的名詞或詞組連用，用于肯定句與用于否定句有一定區(qū)別。 Ill have left by Monday. 到星期一我將已離開(kāi)。（ 星期一之前的任何時(shí)間） I wont have left by Monday. 我星期一之前不會(huì)離開(kāi)。 （星期一還在） 5、Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. as是連詞，相當(dāng)于while，當(dāng)“當(dāng)，正值”講，引出時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，它引導(dǎo)的從句雖然表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作但要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不能用 “will go up” be built強(qiáng)調(diào)建造；go up （建筑物）被興建起來(lái)，拔地而起 Many new houses are going up in this district. 6、We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country. look forward to+n./pron./doing sth. (很高興的)盼望，期待 look forward to與expect(期待)的區(qū)別是expect沒(méi)有高不高興的成分 Look forward to your letter. 【Letter Writing】 在信的地址下面必須寫(xiě)上完整的日期。日期有兩種寫(xiě)法，如：17th April, 19-；April 17th 19-，數(shù)字寫(xiě)法如下：1st（1日）；2nd（2日）；3rd（3日）；4th（4日）等。 【Key structures】 一般將來(lái)完成時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)除了可以用來(lái)預(yù)言將來(lái)發(fā)生的事以外，還可以表示“意愿”，如允諾、建議、請(qǐng)求、提議等。 The radio hasnt been mended yet. Never mind! Ill mend it for you. （允諾） Will you open the door for me please! （請(qǐng)求） Shall we go for a swim tomorrow? （建議） 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)除了表示最近或不久的將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作外，還可以表示計(jì)劃或安排好的事： A great many people will be visiting the country. 將來(lái)完成時(shí)用于表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。將來(lái)完成時(shí)由will have+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。它常與by和nottill/until+表示時(shí)間的名詞連用。 I hope theyll have finished it in time for the journey. I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. I will have finished it until/till tomorrow. 現(xiàn)在完成式 : 到現(xiàn)在某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間為止 過(guò)去完成式 : 到過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間為止 將來(lái)完成式 : 到將來(lái)某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間為止, 某個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生 【Special Difficulties】 Look的短語(yǔ) Look forward to (expect with pleasure) (高興地)盼望，期待著（to為介詞后面只能跟名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞，不能接動(dòng)詞原形） I am looking forward to the summer holidays. 我正盼望暑假的到來(lái). I look forward to seeing to you during the weekend. Look out (be careful) 當(dāng)心 (注意)，留神 Look out! A bus is coming. 當(dāng)心點(diǎn), 公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了. You should always look out when you walk across a road. Look out of 朝外看 Dont look out of the window. Look up (get information from a reference book) 查閱 (從參考書(shū)中獲取資料) I dont understand this word. I shall look it up in a dictionary. 我不懂這個(gè)詞的詞義, 我要查一下字典. (visit) 拜訪(fǎng)，看望 Dont forget to look me up when you return. 回來(lái)時(shí)別忘了來(lái)看我. Im going to look up Mary this afternoon. Exercise 練習(xí) 用hold或look 的正確形式填空 : 4 The students union _ an interesting debate on capital punishment yesterday. 5 My friend Ingrid lives in Stockholm. Why dont you _ her_ when youre there? 6 Examinations will be _ next week. Im not _ them. 4. held debate on 辯論 （debate v. 爭(zhēng)論, 辯論；n. 爭(zhēng)論, 辯論） union n. 聯(lián)合，合并，結(jié)合，聯(lián)盟，協(xié)會(huì) 口語(yǔ)過(guò)程三步：dialogue(對(duì)話(huà))；discussion(討論)；debate(爭(zhēng)論) capital n. 首都；大寫(xiě) 5. look (her) up look (sb.) up : 拜訪(fǎng), 看看, 在英文中并不一定是很正式的, 只是去看看的意思 6. held；looking forward to hold an exam 舉行考試 take the exam 接受考試 Lesson 38 Everything except the weather Mediterranean n. (the )地中海 Mediterranean n.地中海（=Mediterranean sea, 位于歐, 亞, 非三大洲之間），地中海沿岸的居民；adj. 地中海的, 地中海民族的 complain v. 抱怨 complain to sb. 向某人抱怨 complain of/about sth. 抱怨某事 continually adv. 不斷地 continually adv. 連續(xù)地, 頻繁地(時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)) The baby cry continually. continuously adj. 連續(xù)不斷地 continue v. 繼續(xù), 連續(xù), 延伸 bitterly adv. 刺骨地 bitterly disappointed 徹底的失望 （disappoint vt.使失望） I am bitterly disappointed. bitterly cold 刺骨地寒冷 Its bitterly cold. （chilly adj. 寒冷的） sunshine n. 陽(yáng)光 也可直接用 “sun” 表示陽(yáng)光 a drop of sunshine 一縷陽(yáng)光 （a drop of 一縷） 【課文講解】 1、He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. dream of 想, 夢(mèng)見(jiàn)(夢(mèng)想)，幻想，向往 Frank used to dream of having a car of his own. think of 想(思維的活動(dòng)), 考慮 settle down 定居，安身，安頓 After two years of traveling, I want to settle down now. 2、He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there. no soonerthan 一就（關(guān)聯(lián)詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句里常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，than后面的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)），相同用法的還有as soon as，the moment，on doing had no sooner donethan +一般過(guò)去時(shí), 固定用法 (時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu) : 完成時(shí)態(tài) + than + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)) He had no sooner arrived than he called me up. no sooner 放在句首就要倒裝 No sooner had he arrived than he called me up. (倒裝) 3、Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. almost immediately 幾乎馬上, 很快地 (時(shí)間上的快, 常用于寫(xiě)作) for（連詞）表示因?yàn)?解釋說(shuō)明, 附加的)because因?yàn)椋ㄒ欢ㄒf(shuō)的原因），for與because不同，不能用于句首，并且在 for后面必須重復(fù)主語(yǔ)： I dont have a car, for I cant afford it. even though =even if 即使，雖然（引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句） Even though I came here, my mind was absent. 盡管我人來(lái)了, 但我還是心不在焉 4、After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. so many years 這么多年 after it rained for days = after so many days of rain 在這么多天雨之后 After seven years of hard work, he was successful. After ten years of staying in abroad, he decided to return and settle down. got a shock 嚇了一跳, 吃了一驚 5、He acted as if he had never lived in England before. as if+句子 似乎, 好像（引導(dǎo)表示方式的狀語(yǔ)從句，如果從句為過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，描述與事實(shí)相反, 后面的條件是假的） He acted as if he was poor. (as if 后是真是假, 應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文來(lái)看) My leg hurts as if it was broken. 連詞as if/though引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，通常跟在描述行為舉止的動(dòng)詞之后，如act，appear，feel，look，smell，sound等后面： She acted as if she were mad. （虛擬語(yǔ)氣） It feels as if/though its going to rain. 6、In the end, it was more than he could bear. more than在這里表示“超過(guò)的范圍” This piece of news is more than I can believe. It was more than I could understand. I cant affard it. It was more than I can affard. 這種用法與它通常表示“比更多”的用法稍有不同： There were more than ten people in the room. 7、He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. hardlywhen 還沒(méi)來(lái)得及就，用法同no soonerthan hardly had sb. done when (hardly在句首, 要倒裝) He had hardly opened his eyes when he was knocked out.（knock out : 打暈, 擊倒） have time to do sth. 有時(shí)間做某事 I have no time to talk with you. 我沒(méi)時(shí)間和你說(shuō)話(huà) I have time enough to have coffee. 我有足夠的時(shí)間喝咖啡 【Composition】 1 He bought an old car. It was in a very bad state.(but) 2 The engine was worn out. The gearbox was full of sawdust. (The enginenot onlybutas well) 3 He could not drive it. He could no sell it. He could not even give it away. (neithernornor) 1. in a bad state 狀態(tài)不太好 though 雖然, even thougheven if 即使，這些詞出現(xiàn)在兩句之間, 就不再加but， 2. The engine was not only worn out but the gearbox was full of sawdust. worn out 破舊不堪的 engine n. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī), 機(jī)車(chē), 火車(chē)頭 gearbox n. 變速箱 sawdust n. 鋸屑, 木頭屑子 （saw n. 鋸；v. 鋸） not only出現(xiàn)在句首要倒裝,一般不會(huì)放在句首 3. He could neither drive it nor sell it nor even give it away. He could neither drive it nor sell it even nor give it away. (這樣寫(xiě)更好) neither do sth. nor do sth. nor do sth. 既不能也不能更不能 【Letter writing】 日期：每年下列月份寫(xiě)出全稱(chēng)：3月，4月，5月，6月和7月，剩余的月份寫(xiě)成：Jan. (1月)；Feb. (2月)；Aug. (8月)；Sept. (9月)；Oct. (10月)；Nov. (11 月)和 Dec. (12月)。 【Key structures】 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)經(jīng)常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，表示過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生前完成的動(dòng)作。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的表示時(shí)間的詞或詞組有when，after，as soon as，(not) until，by that time，(never) before，already，for，since，just，no soonerthan，hardlywhen等。過(guò)去完成時(shí)不能與副詞ago連用（ago只能與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用）。 He hadnt finished it by yesterday evening. 到昨天晚上他還沒(méi)做完。 Id never flown a plane at all until I flew this one! 在駕駛這架飛機(jī)之前我從來(lái)沒(méi)有駕駛過(guò)飛機(jī)！ 【Special Difficulties】 No soonerthan and Hardlywhen no soonerthan (一就)；hardlywhen (幾乎未來(lái)得及就)這兩組連詞意義都和 as soon as相近，但比as soon as正式。它們通常都與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用。當(dāng)no sooner和hardly位于句首時(shí)，后面的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)都要顛倒順序，即句子變?yōu)閚o sooner/hardly +助動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞形式的語(yǔ)序。 No sooner had he begun speaking than he was interrupted. 他剛一開(kāi)始講話(huà)就被打斷了。 Hardly had he got into the bus when it began moving. Country and Countryside country n. 國(guó)家，祖國(guó)；鄉(xiāng)下（做“鄉(xiāng)下”講時(shí)常與the 連用） Which country do you come from? He had planned to settle down in the country. countryside n. 農(nóng)村地區(qū)（強(qiáng)調(diào)景色），鄉(xiāng)下 The countryside around Vienna is very beautiful. 維也納周?chē)泥l(xiāng)村非常漂亮. I grew up in the countryside. Continuously and Continually continuously adv. 不斷地，連續(xù)地（指動(dòng)作中間沒(méi)有間斷） You mustnt watch TV for such a long time continuously. This plane can fly continuoulsly for twenty hours. continually adv. 頻繁地，反復(fù)地（指動(dòng)作中間有間斷但又持續(xù)很久） It rained continually. 天頻繁地下雨。 The river flows under this bridge continuously. 河水不停地從橋下流過(guò). Lesson 39 Am I all right? following adj. 下一個(gè) the next day, the following day 第二天 the next week, the following week 第二個(gè)星期 alone adj. 獨(dú)自的 alone 強(qiáng)調(diào)人孤單一個(gè) home alone - 獨(dú)自在家 Leave me alone. 我煩著呢, 別理我 Leave him alone. 讓他一個(gè)人呆會(huì)兒 exchange n. (電話(huà)的)交換局 vt. 換，更換，調(diào)換（指同類(lèi)事物之間） I want to exchange the red skirt for a blue one. vt. 交換，互換 I met Frank at a bus stop this afternoon and we exchanged a few words. Did you exchange gifts after the party? n. 電話(huà)交換臺(tái) He telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington. inquire v. 詢(xún)問(wèn), 打聽(tīng) vt. &vi. 打聽(tīng)，詢(xún)問(wèn) A Mr. Wang inquired your telephone number. 一位王先生打聽(tīng)您的電話(huà)號(hào)碼。 inquire sth. of sb. 從某人那打聽(tīng) insquire about sth. 打聽(tīng)某事 He wanted to inquire about a certain patient. vi. 調(diào)查，查問(wèn) He didnt tell the truth when the police inquired into the accident. vi. 求見(jiàn)（某人），要找（某人） She inquired for the manager. 她想見(jiàn)經(jīng)理。 certain adj. 某個(gè) certain后面的名詞的數(shù)量由它前面的數(shù)詞來(lái)定 某一個(gè)a certain +n.（單數(shù)） a certain patient = some patient 某個(gè)病人 某兩個(gè)two certain + n.(復(fù)數(shù)) two certain patient some+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)表示某個(gè)(某一個(gè)) for some reason 由于某個(gè)理由 【課文講解】 1、Am I all right? all right 當(dāng)指人的健康狀況時(shí)，可表示“安然無(wú)恙的，良好的” I was not very well last week, but I feel all right now. 2、While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. So在這里是代詞，代替前面的動(dòng)詞不定式（to tell him whether）。 它 一 般 出 現(xiàn) believe，do，expect，hope，say，tell，think，appear 等之后： Is it true that John has had an operation? I am afraid so. /I believe so. / I think so. / It seems so. 3、The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone. the following day = the next day，這里following表示“緊接著的，其次的”。 ask for 請(qǐng)求，索要，要求（得到某個(gè)東西）。在下一句（asked for Doctor Millington）中它表示“要求（某人）來(lái)（接電話(huà)）”。 bedside telephone 床頭電話(huà) 4、When the doctor answered the phone, Mr. Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr. John Gilbert. Certain 在這里沒(méi)有“肯定的，確實(shí)的”等含義，而表示“某一，某位”，暗指說(shuō)話(huà)者或說(shuō)話(huà)對(duì)象可能對(duì)這人/這事不大清楚/熟悉，或所指的這個(gè)人身份不大清楚： Mary years ago a certain doctor arrived in London. a Mr. John Gilbert 一位名叫約翰.吉爾伯特的先生 a+人名前面, 表示某一個(gè)擁有這個(gè)特征的人或我不認(rèn)識(shí)的某某人，這種情況下 a 通常與表示“某一”的certain連用： He is a Leifeng. 表示具有雷鋒的特征 A certain Mrs. Hart is waiting to see you. 有位哈特夫人正等著見(jiàn)您。 5、He then asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hosptial for another two weeks. for another two weeks 又兩個(gè)星期 another作為限定詞表示“另一個(gè)，再一個(gè)”的時(shí)候，通常與可數(shù)的單數(shù)名詞連用，不和復(fù)數(shù)形式連用；但是后面可以跟基數(shù)詞/few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（它們被當(dāng)成一個(gè)整體）： I need another three driving lesson