2011中考英語寶典.doc

邵老師講英語2011中考英語點睛考點可數(shù)one, each, many, both, another, either, neither, (a) few 不可數(shù)much, (a) little可數(shù)/不可數(shù)one, any, other, all, some 復合不定代詞anyone, anybody, anything; someone, somebody, something; everyone, everybody, everything; nobody, nothing all：指三者或三者以上的所有，可以作形容詞修飾名詞復數(shù)，作代詞，可作主語、賓語或同位語；后可接of介詞短語。both：指“兩者都”，可以作形容詞修飾名詞復數(shù)，作代詞，可作主語、賓語或同位語；后可接of介詞短語。each：“每一個”，一般指兩者中的每一個，也可指許多中的每一個；可以作形容詞修飾名詞單數(shù)，作代詞，可作主語、賓語或同位語；后可接of介詞短語。There are trees on each side / both sides of the river.Each of us has a chance to go to university.We each have a dictionary.every：三者或三者以上中的每一個，是形容詞，只能作定語，后面不能接of介詞短語。either：指“兩者中一個”或“兩者中無論哪一個”，可以作形容詞修飾名詞單數(shù)，作代詞作主語、賓語；后可接of介詞短語。If you keep still, you can sit on either end of the boat.I dont like either of them. Do you have any other blouse?都任何都不兩者both eitherneither兩者（以上）all any none- Do you want tea or coffee?- _ . I really dont mind. A. Both B. NoneC. EitherD. NeitherI dont care for _ of the hats. Would you show me a third one? A. allB. noneC. eitherD. bothThe thieves ran away separately, _ carrying a bag. A. all B. eachC. everyD. eitherI understood most of what they said but not _ word. A. any B. each C. every D. one Excuse me, but can you tell me which road I should take to the post office ? _ of the four roads will do.A. Any B. Neither C. Both D. Every nonenot any; not one How many/how much?He wants me to lend him some money, but I have at hand.nothingnot anything What?Nothing is not anything on the table.桌子上什么也沒有。= is on the table.no onenobody Who?Nobody likes a person with bad manners. 沒有人喜歡不講禮貌的人。= likes a person with bad manners.How much water is there in the bottle?瓶子里有多少水？ .一點也沒有。Whats on the table?桌上有什么？ .什么也沒有。Who will go to the party?誰將去參加晚會？ .沒人去。- How much vinegar did you put in the salad? - Im sorry to say, _. I forgot. A. noB. nothing C. no one D. none Ive looked everywhere, but I havent found any black ink. then, Im afraid there is _ left. A. nothing B. no one C. none D. neither 不定代詞意義用法說明another任何一個，另一個指三者或三者以上中的任何一個，用作代詞或形容詞。如：I dont like this coat. Show me another, please.other另外的只作定語，常與復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用；但如果前面有the, this, that some, any, each, every, no, one 及my, your, his 等時，則可與單數(shù)名詞連用。如：any other plant, every other day。the other兩者中的另一個常與one 連用，構(gòu)成：one the other 一個另一個；作定語修飾復數(shù)名詞時，表示“全部其余的”others泛指別的人或物是other 的復數(shù)形式，泛指別的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定語，構(gòu)成someothersthe others特指其余的人或物是the other 的復數(shù)形式，特指其余的人或物。the others=the other +復數(shù)名詞Two boys will go to the zoo, and will stay at home. others是other的復數(shù)形式，泛指“另外幾個”，“其余的”。在句中可作主語、賓語。 Do you have question(s)? 你還有其他問題嗎？ Some of us like singing and dancing, go in for sports. Give me others, please. 請給我別的東西吧！ There are others. 沒有別的了。 the other指兩個人或物中一個時，只能用the other，不能用another，這里other作代詞。 He has two daughters. One is a nurse, is a worker. the other后可加單數(shù)名詞，也可加復數(shù)名詞，此時的other作形容詞。 On side of the street，there is a tall tree. I dont like this one. Please show me another. =I dont like this one. Please show me . What can I say? 我還能說什么呢？Both of them havent read this story.并非他們二人都看過這個故事。= one of them read this story.All bamboo doesnt grow tall. 并非所有的竹子都長得高。= bamboo grows tall. = Some bamboo grows tall, some doesnt. we dont fear any difficulty. 我們不怕困難。= We fear .one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those The book on the desk is better than that under the desk. =The book on the desk is better than under the desk. The books on the desk are better than those under the desk.=The books on the desk are better than under the desk.He has lived in London and New York, but he doesnt like _ city.A. neither B. either C. both D. all Do you have a passport, sir ? Yes, I have _. Here you are.A. it B. that C. one D. this 指代題指代題作為詞義題的一種，也是常見題型之一。解這類題，要注意代詞批代總的原則就近指代：代詞指代在性(陰性或陽性)、數(shù)(單數(shù)或復數(shù))、格(主格或賓格)、邏輯、意義、位置等方面與之接近的名詞。就位置而言，如上所述，代詞所指代的名詞通常在本句或其上句之中；就數(shù)而言，單數(shù)代詞指代單數(shù)名詞，復數(shù)代詞指代復數(shù)名詞：性、數(shù):Max pulled bills trousers,as if (E) he was trying to pull him along.劃線部分E在文中指代的是_數(shù)(單數(shù))：it 指代單數(shù)名詞(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞)，也可指代一個句子；It also says that the idea that we need less sleep as we get older is completely untrue(D)People have no idea how important sleep is to their lives，”Dr Thomas Roth，director of the Foundation says“Good health needs good sleep“But not too much of (E) it，”says Professor Jim Home of Loughborough University劃線部分E在文中指代的是_The next day a picture of a black horse was on the door of the bar instead of (E) that of the white horse. 劃線部分E在文中指代的是_they指代復數(shù)名詞主格；We hope that green buildings will become common in the future, because (E) they are good for the environment.劃線部分E在文中指代的是_them指代復數(shù)名詞賓格；They also gave us signs with numbers on( C) them for competitions during the show.劃線部分C在文中指代的是_one指代單可數(shù)名詞等。Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one ( =a present ) that I have never seen.Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones (=many presents ) that I have never seen.除了位置、性、數(shù)和格等方面的要求外，邏輯和意義也是衡量的標準，也就是說，正確的答案應該從意義(主要指語法搭配)上和邏輯(主要指思想內(nèi)容)上而言都通順。since,for,because,as表原因的用法區(qū)別： because：表示直接的原因或理由。用于回答Why的問題。because與so不能同時并列使用。since：表示對方已知的，無須加以說明的既成事實的理由。譯為“既然”。as：表示十分明顯的原因，一般說明因果關(guān)系。for：常出現(xiàn)在并列句中，不說明主句行為的直接原因，只提供補充說明，且不可位于句首。 you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else. = you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.= you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.= you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else._ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight. A. For B. SinceC. WhenD. whileIt must be morning， the birds are singing. We couldnt go out you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.when，while與as的用法：均可表示“當?shù)臅r候”，但有區(qū)別：when：既可接表示動作性或短暫性的動詞，也可接表示狀態(tài)的動詞，不強調(diào)主從句謂語動作同時發(fā)生。有時還有“這時”的意思。while：常接持續(xù)性的動詞，強調(diào)主從句謂語動作同時發(fā)生，常用進行時。有時還有對比意義，意為“然而”。as：強調(diào)同時發(fā)生或伴隨進行。常用一般現(xiàn)在時或過去時，意為“一邊一邊”。有時還有“隨著”含義。I do every single bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.A. sinceB. whileC. whenD. as before after sincelIt was 3 years _ he came back.lIt was 3 years ago _ he came back.lIt is 3 years _ he came back.The show was an hour long but we had to arrive at the studio two hours (A) the show started。在文中A的空白處各填入一個適當?shù)膯卧~：_The next moment, (F) she had time to realize what was happening, she was hit over the head. 在文中F的空白處各填入一個適當?shù)膯卧~：_Operation Smile also trains doctors in developing countries So that they can continue to help children even(E)_ the Operation Smile team has left the country在文中E的空白處各填入一個適當?shù)膯卧~：_as(/like)/when although/though/but/however because/for if unlessThe trouble is that our atmosphere is changing (C)_ we are polluting it with chemicalsin the form of gasesand it is keeping in too much heat!在（C）處填入適當?shù)脑~語_He found it very difficult to read, (C)_ his eyesight was beginning to fail.在（C）處填入適當?shù)脑~語_ Peterwassoexcited(A) _hereceivedaninvitationfromhisfriendtovisitChongqing.在文中A的空白處各填入一個適當?shù)膯卧~：_ The earth goes around the sun just (E) _ the moon goes around the earth.在文中E的空白處各填入一個適當?shù)膯卧~：_ As a result, European automakers used to make a wider variety of compact cars while American automakers used to build bigger, heavier cars. (B)_ , these days, automakers in both America and Europe produce cars of different sizes. This is because most automakers export their cars all over the world. 在（B）處填入適當?shù)膯卧~：_mostmost of the +n.(pl)/pron. the majority of (the)mostly: 主要地（狀）Americans love to try something new_because they believe that the newer may be the better.A. mostly B. hardly C. nearly D. almost-Did you enjoy the movie last night? -Yes, I didnt expect it _ wonderful. A. more B. as C. most D. much-The temperature today is 10 below zero. -Oh, its _cold. A. the most B. the more C. most D. much morea number of / the number of “數(shù)量”不同:A number of foreign scientists come to visit China since 1998.A. has B. are C. have D. willThe number of the students in our class 45.A. is B. are C. has D. havemuch too+adj/adv(原級)too much+n.(u.)too many+n.(pl.)Its high time you had your hair cut ; its getting .A. too much long B. much too long C. long too much D. too long much protect(from) doing sth prevent/stop(from) doing sth keepfrom doing keepdoingWearing dark glasses can _ your eyes from the sun.A. care B. prevent C. defend D. protectHe made up his mind to devote his life _pollution_ happily.A. to prevent, to live B. to prevent, from living C. to preventing, to live D. to preventing, from living live: 活著，有生命的(作定語，主要用來指鳥或其他動物)，實況直播的 lively: 活潑的，有生氣的，生動的 alive: 活著的，還有氣兒的，是表語形容詞，在句中作表語或后置定語 living: 活著，健在的，現(xiàn)行的The hunter said he was lucky to get out of the forest_.A. livingB. aliveC. livelyD. live主+be +adj. +to do: 不定式一般用主動式，與主語存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以當不定式的動詞是不及物動詞時，則應在其后加上適當?shù)慕樵~。主+be +adj. +to do= It be +adj.+ (for/of sb) +to do sthThis question is difficult to answer.= is difficult answer the question.The man is hard to work with.= is hard to work the man.turn+adj: 常表示從某種狀態(tài)向其他狀態(tài)變化的自然現(xiàn)象 The weather has turned much colder. go+adj: 常表示由好變壞的情況：The milk went wrong/bad. become+adj: 強調(diào)施動者的作用或變化的結(jié)果 Please dont get angry. come+adj: 一般表示向好的方面變化。 My dream has come true.Happy birthday, Alice! So you have twenty-one already! A. becomeB. turned C. grownD. passedOn hearing the news of the accident in the local mine, she _ pale. A. got B. changed C. went D. appearedAt last he _ worker. A. became B. turned C. changed D. grew sth：與一致/符合 sb：同意某人 with ones idea/opinion 同意某人的意見 what sb said (觀點，所說的話) to ons plan/ suggestionagree 同意某人的計劃、安排、意見 about/on/upon sth同意做某事 to do sth that-clauseThe manager has _ to improve the working conditions in the company. A. accepted B. allowed C. permittedD. agreedSome teachers couldnt agree _the spring outing, but all the students agreed _ the plan.A. with; with B. on; to C. to; with D. about; on to do specially+ for-phrase especiallyIts always difficult being in a foreign country, _ if you dont speak the language.A. terribly B. naturally C.specially D. especiallylate：晚，遲，不久前l(fā)ately=recently：近來last：最后，最后的latest：最近的，最新的later：后來；結(jié)構(gòu)常為：一段時間later：過了之后 I have seen so little of Mike_. Is he away on business? - Oh, no. He just leaves for his office and comes very_. A. later; lately B. later; later C. lately; late D. late; latelyIn Britain, the best season of the year is probably _ spring.A. later B. last C. latter D. late have/make/let/see/watch/listen to+賓+賓補(do/doing/done)get sb to do sthhave+賓+賓補(to do/to be done)Will you _ me the favour to put on the coat? A. do B. make C. give D. haveThey _ him working all day long. A. had B. made C. forced D. obligedGo and join in the party. _ it to me to do the washing-up. A. Get B. Remain C. Leave D. SendI love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. A. does B. feels C. getsD. makesWhen shall we start? Let _ it 8:30. Is that all right? A. set B. meet C. makeD. take n. doing/to do sth sb to do sthprefer+ sth to sth doing A to doing B to do A rather than do sth that sb (should) do sthDoes this meal cost $50? I _ something far better than this! A. prefer B. expect C. suggest D. suppose He _ live in the country than in the city. A. prefers to B. likes to C. had better D. would rather分詞的基本特征：A) 現(xiàn)在分詞 主動的，表進行的，表特征的The long and tiring talk, filled with arguments and quarrels, ended in disorder, _ no agreement at all. A. arrivingB. arrived at C. reaching D. and getting toMany students _ around, I explained the story into details. A. stoodB. standing C. to stand D. were standingBill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not takingPeter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. Asaid Bsays Csaying Dto sayB) 過去分詞被動的，表完成的，表狀態(tài)的_ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day. A. watered B. watering C. water D. to waterPlease remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. to seat B. to be seated C.seating D. seated 不是任何動詞都可以用于過去分詞(只有及物動詞才可以用作過去分詞.)：The photo_ on the wall was taken in Beijing last year.A. hang B. hanging C. hung D. hangedIn order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _ in my study.A. locking B. locked C. to lock D. to be locked現(xiàn)在分詞作表語與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別：The film was very interesting.Im interested in reading novels written by Jin Yong.如何使用分詞作定語，狀語，賓補:定語:The girl reading over there (The girl who was reading over there) soon fell asleep.The broken window (The window which was broken) will be replaced soon.The books bought yesterday ( which were bought yesterday) are of high quality.分詞作定語時應該注意的問題(missing , lost ; remaining ,left等)狀語:Scolded ( As she was scolded) by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head.Having been kept (As he had been kept) in prison for many years, he went mad.The old man passed away, leaving a lot of debts unpaid. Having finished (After he had finished) his exercises, he went to play basketball.賓補:see / hear / feel / notice / have / catch / leave / set / send. sb. doing sth: have something done / get something done / makeThe salesman caught the thief stealing in the shop. oneself done .等句型中。Yesterday he had his watch fixed at the watch-makers.動名詞能用動名詞作賓語的的動詞：consider cant help cant stand enjoy excuse escape practise put off miss mind avoid risk give up finish imaginekeepsuggestHe has few friends and never mind _ alone, playing by himself. A. leaving B. havingC. to be left D. being leftWe can hardly imagine Peter _ such rude words to you. A. say B. to say C. saying D. to have saidAll the staff in our company are considering to the city centre for the fashion show.Ato go Bgoing Cto have gone Dhaving gone口訣：memepscarfi: 音譯成：妹妹不吃咖啡。這里每個字母代表一個或幾個單詞：m-miss e-enjoy ; m-mind ;e-escape; p- practise; s- suggest / stand; c- consider / complete; a-admit / allow /advise / appreciate / avoid; r- risk; f- finish ; i- imagine，常用的詞都列在里面了。用動名詞作賓語而用不定式作賓補的動詞：adviseallow permit encourageCan I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _ here. (1)Sorry. We dont allow you _ here. (2) A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking八大金剛:rememberforget stopmeantry regret agreego onLet me tell you something about my Chinese teacher. I remember _ about her yesterday. A. tellingB. being told C. to tellD. having toldneed , demand, want, require 表示“需要”的用法:The old lady needed _ as she was in her 80s. A. to look after B. looking after C. look afterD. being looked after狀語中的動名詞: The old man passed away, leaving a lot of debts unpaid.Having finished (After he had finished) his exercises, he went to play basketball.動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu):We like Toms (Tom) singing the English song.The little boys crying drew our attention.Many students _ around, I explained the story into details. A. stoodB. standing C. to stand D. were standing不定式:不定式的基本特征：主動的，表將來的，表目的Why are you always making me drink milk? _ enough calcium for you to grow tall and strong. A. Get B. To get C. Getting D. To be getting不定式做主語時，謂語動詞怎樣在人稱與數(shù)方面保持一致:To build the bridge needs much money.可以用不定式做賓語的動詞：want , like , wish, hate, prefer, hope, continue, ma