中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文.doc

閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文Obesity （肥胖癥）is becoming a problem inour busy society , and almostoneinthreeAmericanadults is nowconsideredtobeobese.Childrenobesityisalsoat anall-timehigh. Obesitymeansbeingveryoverweight.Ifyouare obese,youhavetoomuchbodyfat.Ifyoueatmore foodthanyourbodycanuse, thiswillmakeyouputonweight.Foodthatyourbodydoesnotneedwillbe stored(儲(chǔ)存)asfatbyyourbody.Thefollowingarethemajorfactors(因素)that increasetheriskofobesity.Whatyoueatplaysamajorroleinweightgain. Eatingalotoffastfoodsuchashamburgers,sweet drinks,icecreamsandothersweetfoodcanincreasethe riskofbecomingobese.Ifyoudonotdoenoughexercise,youwillput onweightasthefoodyoueatisnotbeingusedtomake energyforphysicalactivities.Thechancesofyoubeingobesearegreaterif yourparentsareobese.Therearemanypsychological（心理的)factors thatcausepeopletoeattoomuch.Peoplewhoare worried,unhappyorboredwillofteneattomake themselvesfeelbetter.Thisisknownascomforteating.Ageisanotherfactor,asyoutend(趨于)tobe lessactivewhenyougetolder.Whenyougetolder,youneedtoeatless,andifyoudonoteatless,you willputonweight.Obesitycan cause many health problemssuchasheartproblems, highblood pressure andmanyotherseriousmedical conditions.66. The underlined sentence in paragraph 1 means that _.A. obesity does not do harm to health.B. all the American children are obese.C. there are more obese children than before.D. there are less obese children in the USA.67. According to the passage, there are _ major factors that increase the risk of obesity. A. three B. four C. five D. six68. What will the writer most probably talk about following the last paragraph? A. How to avoid obesity. B. How to live in the busy USA. C. What illnesses are caused by obesity. D. How doctors treat heart problems.英語(yǔ)閱讀之 說(shuō)明文“英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文”，顧名思義，就是一種以“說(shuō)明、解釋”為主要表達(dá)方式的英語(yǔ)文體。它是對(duì)客觀事物的性狀、特點(diǎn)、功能和用途等等做科學(xué)解說(shuō)的。說(shuō)明文通過(guò)解說(shuō)事物、闡明事理，使人們?cè)鲩L(zhǎng)知識(shí)和技能。 說(shuō)明文具有與自己特點(diǎn)相適應(yīng)的說(shuō)明方法，因此說(shuō)明文結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)多，易于拉開考生分?jǐn)?shù)檔次。說(shuō)明文抽象度高，所以解題難度大，考察內(nèi)容多為科普知識(shí)、動(dòng)植物特性、自然和社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，新產(chǎn)品、新工藝介紹，以及人文地理、風(fēng)土人情等方面，文中解釋性、定義性、說(shuō)明性的句子增多。331【備考方法】掌握說(shuō)明文的命題特點(diǎn)和敘述方式，重點(diǎn)突破長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和邏輯關(guān)系?！久}類型與規(guī)律】1細(xì)節(jié)理解題：1） 在列舉處命題用first(1y)、second(1y)、third(1y)finally、notonly，butalso、then、inaddition等表示順承關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)列舉出事實(shí)。2）在例證處命題句中常用由as、suchas、forexample、forinstance等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或句子作為例證，這些例句或比喻就成為命題者設(shè)問(wèn)的焦點(diǎn)。3）在轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比處命題一般通過(guò)however、but、yet、infact等詞語(yǔ)來(lái)引導(dǎo)。對(duì)比用unlike、until、notsomuch，as等詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)，命題者常對(duì)用來(lái)對(duì)比的雙方屬性進(jìn)行考查。4）在比較處命題無(wú)端的比較、相反的比較、偷換對(duì)象的比較，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在干擾項(xiàng)中，考生要標(biāo)記并且關(guān)注到原文中的比較，才能順利地排除干擾。5）在復(fù)雜句中命題包括同位詞、插入語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、從句、不定式等，命題者主要考查考生對(duì)句子之間的指代關(guān)系和語(yǔ)法關(guān)系?！咀⒁狻考?xì)節(jié)類問(wèn)題一般都能在原文中找到出處，但正確的選項(xiàng)不可能與閱讀材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的語(yǔ)句成句型表達(dá)相同的意思，即“同義替換”。2.語(yǔ)義猜測(cè)題：說(shuō)明文為了把自然規(guī)律，事物的性質(zhì)等介紹清楚或把事理闡述明白，因此學(xué)術(shù)性強(qiáng)的生詞較多，所以常進(jìn)行生詞詞義判斷題的考查。命題方式:1) theunderlinedpart“ ”inparagraph refersto2) whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?3) whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword?.【注意】定義句、上下文、同義詞、破折號(hào)、同位語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、插入句等具有解釋、說(shuō)明作用的語(yǔ)言成分，往往是猜詞的依據(jù)。3. 主旨理解題：即對(duì)文章的主題或中心意思的概括或歸納?！咀⒁狻坑绕湓谶x擇the best/proper title時(shí)，不能以偏概全，也不能太泛太籠統(tǒng)，要注意包含貫穿全文的線索詞。4. 推理判斷題：這種題型的答案在原文中是不能直接找到的！推斷作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度（attitude）時(shí)要注意文中某些用詞或語(yǔ)氣背后的隱含意義，來(lái)推斷出作者是贊賞、批判還是中立。positive 積極的；肯定的 negative 消極的；否定的 neutral 中立的【閱讀小技巧】太絕對(duì)（all，every等）一般都不對(duì)；轉(zhuǎn)折后即為重點(diǎn) (however, but 等)；兩選項(xiàng)互為反義，其中之一正確；包含同義替換為正確選項(xiàng)。本文重點(diǎn)固搭：1. is becoming2. one in three3. be considered to be.4. be at all-time high 創(chuàng)下歷史新高5. mean doing sth.6. put on weight7. increase the risk of8. play a major role in9. cause sb to do sth10. eat too much11. make sb. do sth.12. be known as 13. tend to do sth.14. get older / get old15. need to do 16. such as含定語(yǔ)從句的句子：1.（你身體不需要的）食物 將會(huì)被你的身體存儲(chǔ)為脂肪。2. 以下 就是 （增加肥胖風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的）主要因素。3. 我們?yōu)槭裁醋兣值脑蚴翘嗟氖澄锖吞俚腻憻挕?. 我們?yōu)槭裁醋兣值脑蚴浅蕴嗟氖澄锖妥鎏俚腻憻挕?. 我們?yōu)槭裁醋兣值脑蚴俏覀兂蕴嗟氖澄锖妥鎏俚腻憻挕?語(yǔ)篇填空：Obesity （肥胖癥）is becoming a problem inour busy society , and almostone1_threeAmericanadults is nowconsideredtobeobese. Childrenobesityisalsoat anall-timehigh. Obesitymeans2_veryoverweight.Ifyouare obese,youhavetoomuchbodyfat.Ifyoueatmore food3_yourbodycanuse, thiswillmakeyouputon weight.Foodthatyourbodydoesnotneedwillbe stored(儲(chǔ)存)asfat4_yourbody.Thefollowingarethemajorfactors(因素)5_increasetheriskofobesity.Whatyoueatplaysamajorroleinweightgain. Eatingalotoffastfood 6_ashamburgers,sweet drinks,icecreamsandothersweetfoodcanincreasethe riskofbecomingobese.Ifyoudonotdoenoughexercise,youwillput onweight7_thefoodyoueatisnotbeingusedtomake energy8_physicalactivities.Thechancesofyoubeingobesearegreaterif yourparentsareobese.9_aremanypsychological（心理的)factors thatcausepeopletoeattoomuch.People10_are worried,unhappyorboredwillofteneattomake themselvesfeelbetter.Thisisknown11_comforteating.Ageisanotherfactor,as