初中英語語法梳理和提高——形容詞和副詞講解試題.doc

初中英語語法梳理和提高形容詞和副詞講解試題形容詞和副詞知識(shí)梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！ 一、形容詞用來修飾名詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞，叫形容詞。 形容詞的作用，見下表：作 用例 句定 語You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表 語Your coat is too small.賓語補(bǔ)足語The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.注意：有些形容詞只能作表語，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如：Dont wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.The old man is alone.形容詞用來修飾something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞，要放在這些詞的后面。例如：Youd better tell us something interesting.The police found nothing strange in the room.多個(gè)形容詞做定語時(shí)排列的先后順序是：1）冠詞或人稱代詞 2）數(shù)詞 3）性質(zhì) 4）大小 5）形狀6）表示老少，新舊 7）顏色 8）事務(wù)、質(zhì)地、人的國籍、用途。例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爺爺還住在這個(gè)矮小的房子里。The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那個(gè)婦女買了兩個(gè)漂亮的中國盤子。形容詞名詞化：有些形容詞前加定冠詞后變成名詞，表示一類人，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。這類詞有：rich / poor;good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人種等)。例如：The young should take good care of the old.年輕人應(yīng)該好好照顧老人。The rich never help the poor in this country.在這個(gè)國家，富人從來不幫助窮人。表示數(shù)量的詞組。如：One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor.有一天，一位25歲的年輕人來拜訪這位教授。I live in a building about fifty meters high.我住在一做大約50米高的大樓里。形容詞短語做定語時(shí)要后置。如：They are the students easy to teach.他們是很容易較的學(xué)生。We live in a house much larger than yours.我們住的房子比你們的大得多。else要放在疑問代詞或復(fù)合不定詞之后。如：Did you see anybody else?你看到別的人了嗎？二、副詞英語中副詞的位置和漢語不盡相同，它的位置比較靈活。通常用作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等。下面來介紹一下副詞的分類方法：多數(shù)副詞都可以放在它所修飾的動(dòng)詞后面。如：We are living happily.我們幸福的生活著。He runs slowly.他跑的很慢。時(shí)間副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞和方式副詞一般放在句末。如：They went to the park yesterday morning.昨天上午他們?nèi)ス珗@了。I heard him sing English songs over there.我聽見他在那邊唱英語歌曲。He drove the jeep carefully.他小心地開著吉普。注意： 有時(shí)表示時(shí)間的副詞也可放在句首，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。如：Yesterday I got up late.昨天我起床很晚。頻度副詞一般放在be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前如：He is seldom ill. 他很少生病。 You must always remember this. 你一定要記住這一點(diǎn)。 I often write to my parents. 我經(jīng)常寫信給父母。 Do you usually go to school on foot. 你經(jīng)常走路去上學(xué)？ He has never been to Beijing. 他從來沒有去過北京。注意： 有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語氣，頻度副詞也可放在句首。如：Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.有時(shí)她乘公共汽車上學(xué)，有時(shí)騎自行車去。程度副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，與頻度副詞相同，修飾形容詞和副詞時(shí)，放在它所修飾的詞前面。如：Thats quite early.那很早。I nearly missed the bus.我?guī)缀蹂e(cuò)過了公交車。She did rather badly.她干得相當(dāng)糟。否定副詞一般放在動(dòng)詞之前、系動(dòng)詞be或助動(dòng)詞之后。如：She seldom goes out at night.她晚上很少出門。I am never late for school.我上學(xué)從不遲到。We had hardly got to the station when the train left.火車離開時(shí)，我們差不多/幾乎到了車站。疑問副詞放在特殊疑問句的句首。如：When can you come?你什么時(shí)候來？How many days are there in a month?一個(gè)月有多少天？What are you going to do when you grow up?張大以后，你打算干什么？Where were you born?你是在那里出生的？Why didnt he come?他為什么沒有來？關(guān)系副詞when, where, why 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，位于從句之前、所修飾的詞之后。如：Tell me the reason why you did it.把你這樣做的理由告訴我。Its the sort of day when youd like to stay in bed.這是個(gè)令人戀床不起的日子。I dont know the place where we will go.我不知道我們將要去的地方。同時(shí)存在時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語一般放在后面。如：The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.明天會(huì)議將在教室里舉行。He watched TV in his room last night.他作晚在房間里看電視。They arrived in Beijing at 8 oclock last evening.他們昨天晚上8:00到達(dá)北京。注：有些詞既可用做形容詞也可副詞。如：late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等The road is so wide that 8 buses can go throw it at a time.Open your mouth wide.三、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化方法如下：1) 符合規(guī)則的：情 況加 法例 詞一 般 情 況直接加 -er ; -esttall-taller-tallest以e結(jié)尾的詞加 r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-er ; -estdry-drier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞輔音字母雙寫，再加-er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)單詞在詞前加 more ; mostmore deliciousmost delicious2）幾個(gè)不規(guī)則的形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)如下表：原 級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good , wellbetterbestbad , illworseworstmany , muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的用法級(jí)別比較程度表達(dá)方式和意義例 句備 注原級(jí)同等程度肯定形式As+原級(jí)+as(像一樣)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can.否定形式not + so (as) +原級(jí)+as(不如那樣)English is not so difficult as science.She does not study so well as I do.比較級(jí)不同程度（用于兩者比較）比較級(jí)+than(比)Jim is older than Luky.I like pork better than beef.比較級(jí)前面可以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)（越來越）The + 比較級(jí)，the + 比較級(jí)（越, 越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand.最高級(jí)最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高級(jí)+of (in)(最)Spring is the best season of the year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副詞最高級(jí)前面的the 往往省略注意：有些形容詞，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含義的限制，沒有比較級(jí)。例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！He is _ friends than I.A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more解析： 后面有可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)， many的比較級(jí)形式為many more 修飾。 應(yīng)選B.2. Which is the _ country, Japan or Australia? A. more developed B. more developing C. most developed D. most developing 解析： 兩者比較用比較級(jí)， 表示發(fā)達(dá)用 developed, 而developing 是 發(fā)展中的 意思3There were _ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.A. little B. few C. fewer D. less解析：little 不能修飾可數(shù)名詞，兩者比較需用比較級(jí)， 所以應(yīng)選C.4. If you are not free today, come another day _. A. too B. so C. instead D. yet 解析：instead 作副詞用時(shí)意為代替，頂替， 表示前面的事情沒做， 而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。應(yīng)選C.5He cant tell us _, I think. A. important anything B. anything importantC. important something D. something important. 解析：不定代詞與形容詞聯(lián)用需后置，否定句中應(yīng)該用anything而不是something. 因此應(yīng)選B6. The Huang River is the second _ river in our country. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 解析：定冠詞the+ 序數(shù)詞 + 形容詞最高級(jí) 表示第幾大 應(yīng)選C.7. The light in the office wasnt _for him to read. A. enough bright B. bright enough C. brightly D. enough brightly 解析：enough修飾名詞時(shí)可前可后， 修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)， 要后置。應(yīng)選B.8. There was an accident at the corner. _, the girl wasnt _hurt. A. luckily, badly B. luck, hardly C. Lucky, heavily D. Lucky, strongly 解析：第一空修飾全句需用副詞，第二空修飾形容詞hurt也要用副詞， 因此選A.9. You must keep your eyes _ when you do eye exercises. A. close B. open C. closed D., opened 解析: 此處需用形容詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語。 應(yīng)選C.10. Five days has passed , but I havent finished half of the work. _, A. already B. still C. too D. yet 解析：already 與 yet 都可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。Already常用于肯定句， 而yet 常用與否定句。應(yīng)選D.練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！選擇最佳答案填空：Dont worry, sir. Im sure I can run _ to catch up with them.A. slowly enough B. enough slowly C. fast enough D. enough fast2. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little3. Its such an _ film that all the students are _ in it. A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting C. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested; interested4. Mingming got up very _,so he came to school half an hour _. A. late; lately B. lately; late C. lately; lately D. late; late5. I am _ worried about y parents healthy conditions. A. some times B. sometime C. sometimes D. some times6. We dont have _ every day. A. a lot of school works B. many school work C. any school works D. much school work7. -Look! How fast the two horses are running! -Oh, yes! They are nearly _. A. up and down B. slower and slower C. more or less D. neck and neck8. _ children there are in family,_ their life will be. A. The less; the better B. The fewer; the better C. Fewer; richer D. More; poorer9. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _. A. more and more rich B. more rich and more rich C. richer and richer D. richer and richest10. Which lesson is _, this one or that one? A. difficult B. much difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult11. A _ accident happened at 7:30 a.m. said the policeman _. A. serious, serious B. seriously, seriously C. seriously, serious D. serious, seriously12. _ is it from our school to Lupu Bridge? A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How much13. In our city, it is _ in July, but it is even _ in August. A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter14. This pencil is _ that one. A. so long as B. as longer as C. longer than D. not as longest as15. The station is two kilometers _ the hospital. A. away to B. far away C. far from D. away from16. Beijing has _ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours. A. so B. very C. too D. much17. This box is _ heavy _ I cant carry it. A. too, to B. so, that C. very, that D. too, that18. India has the second _ population in the world. A. larger B. most C. smallest D. largest19. Mary received _ many postcards at Christmas. A. so B. such C. too D. even20. The cake smells _. Please throw it away. A. good B. badly C. bad D. well21. - What was the weather like yesterday? - It was terrible. It rained so _ that people could _ go out. A. hardlyhard B. hardly hardly C. hard hardly D. hard hard22. The meeting will be held in half an hour, but they havent got everything ready_. A. ever B. already C. yet D. still23. - What about the English novel? - Its not very difficult. There are only _ new words in it. A. few B. a few C. many D. a little24. How beautiful she sings! Ive never heard _. A. the better voice