大學(xué)英語英語專業(yè)精讀6 重點(diǎn)詞匯總結(jié).doc

大學(xué)英語英語專業(yè)精讀6 重點(diǎn)詞匯總結(jié)Lesson 1 How to Get the Poor off Our Conscience - John Kenneth Galbraith1. In the presenting the historical solutions, the author is implicit in his criticism. However, he comes out into the open when he deals with the current designs. implicit: adj. implisit 1) 不言明的;含蓄的 Her silence gave implicit consent. 她的沉默表示默許。 2) 內(nèi)含的;固有的(+in) It is implicit in our agreement that she will be a partner. 我們的協(xié)議中含有她將成為合伙人這一意思。 3) 無疑問的;無保留的;絕對的B The crew had implicit faith in the captains judgment. 全體船員都絕對相信船長的判斷。 2. Some economists predict that the implementation of the Bush tax cut plan will exacerbate the polarization in American society. implementation: ,mplmnten n. 1) 履行;完成 2) 成就exacerbate: v. make (pain, disease, a situation) worse; aggravate 使（疼痛 疾病 情形）惡化; 加劇: Scratching exacerbates a skin rash. 皮疹搔後會惡化。 Her mothers interference exacerbated the difficulties in their marriage. 她母親從中干預(yù)使他們的婚姻雪上加霜。polarization: 極化 to produce a polarization of , multi-polarization3. Jeremy Bentham, a near contemporary of Adam Smith, came up with the formula that for perhaps fifty years was extraordinarily influential in British and, to some degree, American thought. a near contemporary of: 與同一時(shí)代extraordinarily (highly) influential: 極具影響力 extraordinarily good overwhelmingly honest 4. In the economic life, as in biological development, the overriding rule was survival of fittest. overriding: adj. 最主要的It is of overriding importance to finish the project this week. 最重要的是本星期要完成這一項(xiàng)目。Our overriding concern is the eradication of illiteracy. 我們最關(guān)心的事是消除文盲。predominant優(yōu)越的，卓越的，有力的 preponderant占優(yōu)勢的，壓倒性的 preponderating adj. 主要的，占多數(shù)的 paramount極為重要的，至高無上的Melancholy is the preponderant mood of the poem. 憂郁的感情是該詩的基調(diào)。This matter is of paramount importance. 此事至關(guān)重要。= overriding importanceThe reduction of unemployment should be paramount. 降低失業(yè)率應(yīng)是頭等大事。survival of fittest: 適者生存-Herbert Spencer5. It declined in popularity, and references to it acquired a condemnatory tone. 譴責(zé)的口吻6. The allegation of government incompetence is associated in our time with the general condemnation of the bureaucrat- again excluding those concerned with national defense. (注意此句的名詞)allegation: act of alleging 陳述; 宣稱; 聲稱; 辯解 ; statement made without proof （無證據(jù)的）陳詞: These are serious allegations. 這是很嚴(yán)重的提法. The teacher made serious allegations against a colleague.incompetence: n. 無能力，不合格，不能勝任His incompetence has brought the company to the brink of bankruptcy. 他很無能，公司已因而瀕於破產(chǎn)。The doctor was struck off for incompetence. 那醫(yī)生因不稱職而被除名。He was accused of incompetence. 他被指責(zé)為不稱職。condemnation: n. 譴責(zé)，非難，定罪， 非難或定罪的理由Moral disapproval; condemnation 道義上不允許; 非難She cares nothing about the condemnations of her action. 她對別人對她行為的多方譴責(zé)一點(diǎn)也不在乎。The Chinese are unanimous in their condemnation. 全中國人民一致提出譴責(zé)。condemn denounce/trounce lecture (From PPT) It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class. 當(dāng)著整個班級的面被訓(xùn)斥了一頓，真讓我感到羞辱。reprimand berate decry責(zé)難，誹謗 The mayor decries gambling in all its form. 市長譴責(zé)各式各樣的賭博。He decried her efforts (as a waste of time). 他貶低她所作的努力(認(rèn)為是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間).remonstrate rimn.streit表示異議，抗議，責(zé)備I remonstrated with him about his rudeness. 他粗暴無禮，我給他提了意見。lambaste lmbeist 痛打，痛罵 excoriate 撕去皮，嚴(yán)厲批評 objurgate 怒斥，譴責(zé)bureaucrat: n. 官僚作風(fēng)的人，官僚，官僚政治論者A four-to-seven-year-old does as much paperwork as any bureaucrat.一個四至七歲的孩子所做的書面作業(yè)和任何一個官僚所做的一樣多。I suppose my application have been lost by some incompetent bureaucrat.我估計(jì)我的申請書不知道讓哪個無能的官僚給弄丟了。7. We have nearly abolished poverty among the old, greatly democratized health care, assured minorities of their civil rights, and vastly enhance educational opportunity. vastly enhance: extraordinarily enhance 8. There is no proof of this- none, certainly, that compares that damage with the damage that would be inflicted by the loss of public assistance. inflict: inflikt vt. 施以，加害，使遭受，折磨I am sorry to have to inflict myself upon you. 很抱歉，我不得不打擾你。Im sorry to inflict myself on you so late, but my car ran into the fence and I must telephone the garage. 很抱歉這么晚來打擾你，但我的車撞到籬笆墻了，我得打電話給修理廠。We should inflict severe chastisement on criminals. 我們應(yīng)該對罪犯施加嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。比較 afflict, inflictafflict: cause great unhappiness for; distress; (be afflicted with/by) (使折磨;折磨)inflict: impose something unpleasant (強(qiáng)加于)She was afflicted by the death of her parents.Famine and war still afflict mankind. 饑荒與戰(zhàn)爭依舊給人類帶來痛苦。He was afflicted with cancer. 他患了癌癥。 She was afflicted with conscience. 她受良心責(zé)備。Dont inflict your ideas on me. 別把你的想法強(qiáng)加于我。Jack was afflicted with running sores. Jack wanted to know why God inflicted pain and sorrow on him.9. Freedom consists of the right to spend a maximum of ones money by ones own choice, and to see a minimum taken and spent by the government. 10. Though we hear much about the limitation on freedom of the affluent when their income is reduced through taxes, we hear nothing of the extraordinarily enhancement of the freedom of the poor from having some money of their own to spend. affluent: adj. 富裕的 n. 支流 Possessing or exhibiting great wealth富裕的占有或具有大量財(cái)富的; 豐富的Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid.盡管他可能是富裕的，但他一點(diǎn)不知道該付多少小費(fèi)給看門人和清理臥室的女服務(wù)員。He was affluent in worldly goods. 他擁有許多財(cái)產(chǎn)。opulence: n. 富裕，豐富He owns his opulence to work hard. 他的財(cái)富乃辛勤工作得來。The room was decorated with stagy opulence. 那房間裝飾得富麗堂皇，像戲臺似的。sumptuousness smptjusnis n. 奢侈，豪華11. a cat may look at a king. 小人物也有權(quán)利/人人平等put the cat among the canaries vi. 挑起糾紛 (興風(fēng)作浪，激發(fā)強(qiáng)烈情感)I then said I had never known the Services reduced to such a parlous condition. This fairly put the cat among the canaries. 接著我說,我從來就不知道英國三軍的力量削弱到如此危險(xiǎn)的程度,我這話引起了軒然大波。12. seethe: si: v. 沸騰，煮沸，起泡 n. 擁擠，激動，騷動 seethe with anger 大發(fā)雷霆They fell into the seething waters of the rapids. 他們跌進(jìn)了洶涌的急流中。She was seething (with rage) at his remarks. 他的評論把她氣得火冒三丈。seething mass of groups川流不息的團(tuán)隊(duì)、人群 seethe with joy喜氣洋洋13. fecundity fiknditi;fikndti 多產(chǎn)，豐饒，肥沃fecundity of the mind 想象力豐富的心靈The boys fecundity of imagination amazed his teacher. 男孩想像力的豐富使教師感到驚異。Lesson2 Woods Were Tossing with Jewels- Marie St. John1. He was “a man of enterprise”, dexterous with axe, plow, fishing line, and above all, gun. a man of enterprise: 有進(jìn)取心的人 He was always hard up, but being a man of enterprise knew all the best people, as well as all the worst, so that he dined out every night. 他手頭總是很緊,但是由于他敢作敢為,他認(rèn)識一切最好的和最壞的人物,所以他天天在外面吃晚飯。Tom is a man of great enterprise. 湯姆很有進(jìn)取精神。2. Watson was an infamous outlaw. Every lawman in southern Florida was acquainted with his treachery and cunning. an infamous outlaw: 臭名昭著的罪犯（違法者）be acquainted with: 與.相識: They are acquainted with each other. 他們互相認(rèn)識。 了解: He is already acquainted with the facts. 他已知道那些事實(shí)了。treachery: n.背叛，變節(jié)，背信 pl.背叛行為acquaint (From PPT)1)To cause to come to know personally 2)To make familiar 3)To informLet me acquaint you with my family.請讓你認(rèn)識一下我的家人I acquainted myself with the controls.我熟悉了一下規(guī)定Please acquaint us with your plans.請告訴我們你的計(jì)劃Warning:“Acquainted” has lost its passive sense, is now usually used as an adjective. e.g.: “我是去年認(rèn)識他的?！?不能譯作: I acquainted him last year. 或 I was acquainted with him last year. 第一句是語態(tài)錯誤, 第二句混淆了“狀態(tài)”和“動作”, 只能譯成: I got became acquainted with him last year. 或 I made his acquaintance last year.3. South Florida was uninviting to many because of the mosquitoes, panthers, crocodiles, swamps, and wetlands. But these marks of wild country called to my father like legendary siren song.- Unpleasant as the wild country was, my father was deeply attracted simply because of his qualities of enjoying the challenge.uninviting: not pleasant or attractive; disagreeable 不吸引人的; 令人反感的I found myself thrown among strange people; everything here was grim and uninviting, with teachers continually shouting at me, and myself constantly feeling awkward and uncomfortable.an uninviting meal of cold fish and chips 涼魚和炸土豆條這樣一頓不起眼的飯食 The hotel room was bare and uninviting. 這個旅館房間光禿禿的, 很不好看.legendary adj. 傳說的，富有傳奇色彩的，傳奇的siren song: siren call-the enticing appeal of something alluring but potentially dangerous 有誘惑力但不能聽信的理論、事物Deep in his life-processes Life itself sang the siren song of its own majesty, ever a-whisper and urgent, counseling him that he could achieve more than other men, win out where they failed, ride to success where they perished. Obviously Iraqi oil is a siren song to Bush and his followers.swan song: n. 最后作品，天鵝臨死時(shí)的叫聲, 絕唱，辭世之作、歸天之作All the tickets have been sold for the singers performance in Paris this week-the public clearly believes that this will be her swan song. 這位歌唱家本星期在巴黎演唱的全部門票都銷售一空顯然，公眾認(rèn)為這將是她最后一次告別演出。According to Ovid (Metamorphoses V), the Sirens were the companions of young Persephone (the Queen of the Underworld), and were given wings by Demeter to search for Persephone when she was abducted. Their song is continually calling on Persephone. The term siren song refers to an appeal that is hard to resist but that, if heeded, will lead to a bad result.Odysseus was curious as to what the Sirens sounded like, so, on Circes advice, he had all his sailors plug their ears with beeswax and tie him to the mast. He ordered his men to leave him tied to the mast, no matter how much he would beg. When he heard their beautiful song, he ordered the sailors to untie him but they bound him tighter. When they had passed out of earshot, Odysseus demonstrated with his frowns to be released (Odyssey XII, 39).4. He had secluded himself in this remote area of the Everglades because he was not welcome elsewhere; from time to time he was halfheartedly sought for trial, though few crimes seemed to lead directly to his door. - Occasionally the law officials would make some efforts without real earnest to investigate Watson and to bring him to court, but there seemed to be little concrete evidence to prove that he was responsible for certain illegal activities.seclude: keep away from others (= isolate) 隔離;使孤立;使隱退,使隱居(+from)He secluded himself in his study to write a book. I told my father all about it, and why I felt it was necessary that I should seclude myself, and my reason for not seeing my friends.The rich secluded themselves from contact with the poor. 富人不肯同窮人接觸。She secludes herself in her study to work. 她把自己關(guān)在書房里埋頭研究.5. The legend persisted, however. The native whites feared him as you would a rattlesnake, but the Indians and black people were susceptible to his manipulations. susceptible: susceptible to someone or something, you are very likely to be influenced by them.Young people are the most susceptible to advertisements.James was extremely susceptible to flattery. (From PPT)形容詞 a. 1.易被感動的,易動感情的;多情的2.易受.影響的F(+to) We are all susceptible to advertising. 我們都容易受廣告的影響。 3.敏感的,過敏的F(+to) She is rather susceptible to colds. 她易患感冒。 4.容許.的;可以有.的F(+of/to) This agreement is not susceptible to alteration. 這一協(xié)議不容更改。Byron had always been susceptible to women. 拜倫對于女性總是容易動感情。manipulation: n.巧妙的運(yùn)用，巧妙的操作6. On our swimming excursions that winter to the outer islands, we gathered clams for fritters and chowder. The oysters we got along the clear tidal creeks were as big as a mans foot. excursion: n. 遠(yuǎn)足，短途旅行The excursion was the high spot of our holiday (vacation). 我們那個假日的最大樂趣是遠(yuǎn)足。Early that morning he had decided to make a long excursion through the neighbouring country. 當(dāng)天一早,他打定主意,在近處好好溜達(dá)一番。go on for an excursion 去遠(yuǎn)足 clam klm n. 蛤，沉默寡言的人 vi. 挖蚌fritter frit vt. 逐漸浪費(fèi)，弄碎 n. 油炸餡餅chowder taud n. 食雜膾 (一種用鮮魚與咸肉，洋蔥等煨成的食品)7. Despite the unrelenting heat, we were happy to be let off from our hours of school indoors, sessions which our mother kept every day, rain or shine.- Although it was very hot outside in the sun, we were happy to be dismissed from my mothers seasons indoors. We would have to read and write with her every day no matter what the weather was like.unrelenting heat: 極熱unrelenting= relentless形容詞 a. 1.不寬恕的;無情的2.堅(jiān)定的;不退讓的3.不緩和的,不松懈的It was forecast that the unrelenting ice storm had swept that area for over 10 hours.They were unrelenting in their support for the local community. unrelenting perseverance 不屈不撓的毅力rain or shine: adv. 不論晴雨(無論如何)I know you are my best friend, rain or shine. 我知道你在任何情況下都是我最好的朋友。I get up at five oclock in the morning, rain or shine. 無論晴雨，我都是早上五點(diǎn)起床。The fete will take place on Sunday, rain or shine. 游園義賣會定於星期日舉行，風(fēng)雨無阻。8. All he saw were two nonchalant little boys sitting with their guns beside them, slapping mosquitoes. (一臉茫然，面無表情)nonchalant: = casual 不感興趣的; 不熱心的; 不激動的; 漠不關(guān)心的:If you describe someone as nonchalant, you mean that they appear not worry or care about things and that they seem very calm.He appeared nonchalant in court even when the judge spoke to him.The girl was nonchalant about her role in the play.She defeated all her rivals for the job with nonchalant ease. 她從容不迫地?fù)魯∏舐毜乃懈偁幷?9. quack n. 庸醫(yī) adj. 騙人的 n. (鴨子)嘎嘎叫聲 vi. 嘎嘎地叫There were ducks quacking on the lawn.a quack doctor庸醫(yī) quack remedies/cures庸醫(yī)般的治療quack oneself to death拼命吹噓自己Dont be taken in hes just a quack. 可別上當(dāng)-他純粹是江湖醫(yī)生.Lesson 3 At War with the Planet- Barry Commoner1. For Commoner, World War II represents a watershed.watershed: n. 流域，分水嶺，轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn) Leaving her first job was a watershed in her life. 辭去她的第一份工作是她生活中的一個轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。Her visit to India proves to be a watershed in her life. 她的印度之行成了她一生的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。Our marriage was at a watershed. 我們的婚姻到了一個轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)頭2. He points out that the harm done to the environment is human-made so it is also within our power to remedy.remedy: to relieve or cure (a disease or disorder) n. 藥物，治療法，補(bǔ)救 vt. 治療，補(bǔ)救，矯正Aspirin may remedy a headache. 阿斯匹林可治頭痛。If I made a mistake, I will try to remedy it. 我如果有錯的話,我會改正的。Is there a sovereign remedy for this condition? 在這種情況下有沒有萬全之策?sovereign: svrin 名詞 n. C 1) 君主,元首;最高統(tǒng)治者 2) 主權(quán)國家 3) 英國舊時(shí)的一鎊金幣King George was then the sovereign of England. 喬治國王那時(shí)是英國的君主。 形容詞 a. 1) 最高統(tǒng)治者的2) 擁有最高統(tǒng)治權(quán)的;具有獨(dú)立主權(quán)的For a brief time Texas was a sovereign nation. 德克薩斯在一段短暫的時(shí)間內(nèi)曾是一個主權(quán)國家。 3) 最高的,至尊的;至高無上的 Character is of sovereign importance. 性格是頭等重要的。 4) 完全的,不折不扣的5) 極好的;極有效的 There is no sovereign remedy for colds. 傷風(fēng)感冒沒有靈丹妙藥。3. As Commoner puts it,” The human attack on the ecosphere has instigated an ecological counterattack.”instigate: serve as the inciting cause for (promote, inspire, incite; cause, stimulate) 使（某事物）開始或發(fā)生; 鼓動; 唆使; 煽動; 慫恿 instigator: 教唆犯；煽動者The antigovernment gangsters instigated a rebellion. My children finally instigated me to buy a laptop.a. 唆使采取 某種行動 to They instigated him to the evil deed. 他們唆使他做壞事b. 唆使 煽動 (incite) He instigated the two boys to quarrel. 他挑動那兩個少年?duì)幊砪ounterattack: v. & n. 反擊，反攻We should seize the opportunity to counterattack. 現(xiàn)在，我們應(yīng)乘機(jī)反攻。Our troops counterattacked under the cover of darkness. 我軍在夜幕掩護(hù)下進(jìn)行反攻。4. Like the Creation, the portending global events are cosmic - Like the Creation of the universe, events that happen in this world may have vast effects, especially on the relationship between the planet Earth and the sun.portend: to serve as an omen or a warning of 預(yù)示; 預(yù)兆; 預(yù)告Black clouds portend a storm. 烏云是暴風(fēng)雨的前兆。 (=presage)What do these strange events portend? 這些奇怪的事件預(yù)示著什么?It portends the approach of a violent revolutionary storm. 預(yù)示一場猛烈的革命風(fēng)暴的來臨.His silence portends trouble. 他沉默不語可不是好兆頭.It portends we are in danger. 這預(yù)示我們陷入危險(xiǎn)。(from PPT) prognosticate: to say what you think will happen in the future usually said to be obtained from a divine source vt. 預(yù)知,預(yù)言,預(yù)測 His gloomy prognostications proved to be false. 他那悲觀的預(yù)測已證明是錯誤的.forebode v. 預(yù)兆，預(yù)感These developments forebode disaster. 這些情況預(yù)示著要有災(zāi)禍。Her angry face forebodes a confrontation. 她一臉怒氣預(yù)示將有一場沖突。presage: presid n. 預(yù)感，預(yù)兆，預(yù)知 v. 成為 . 的前兆，預(yù)示，預(yù)言 Such incidents often presage war. 那樣的事件常成為戰(zhàn)爭的前兆。Suddenly he had a presage about the near danger. 他突然對即將到來的危險(xiǎn)有了一種預(yù)感。The clouds presage a storm. 烏云預(yù)示著暴風(fēng)雨的到來。augur: n. 占兆官，占卜師，相命者 v. 預(yù)言，預(yù)測 An augur of ancient Rome, especially one who interpreted omens derived from the observation of birds. 預(yù)言者古羅馬的預(yù)言者，尤指解釋來自對鳥類的觀察而得到的預(yù)兆的人Does this unfortunate news augur war in the near future? 這個不幸消息預(yù)示最近的將來會發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭嗎？(=presage)對為 (之) 前兆for It augurs well ill for me the future. 這件事對我 將來 是吉 兇 兆。5. is a vast stream of energy that bathes the Earths surface, fluctuating from day to night and season to season.fluctuate: vary irregularly; be unstable, have ups and downs (= swing)The old man fluctuated between hope and fear. (忽喜忽憂) Prices fluctuate from year to year. 物價(jià)年年波動。6. Even if the global warming catastrophe never materializes, and the ozone hole remains an esoteric, polar phenomenon, already human activity has profoundly altered global conditions in ways that may not register on the camera.materialize: v. come into being; become reality (=happen, appear, come true) vt. 使物質(zhì)化，使變得現(xiàn)實(shí)vi. 成有形，實(shí)現(xiàn)They feel very sad that their dream failed to materialize.You can materialize your lofty aspiration through hard working. He planned to materialize his idea in wordsA black automobile materialized out of the mist. 一部黑色汽車突然由霧中出現(xiàn)ozone hole: 臭氧洞profoundly alter= vastly change/ extraordinarily alteresoteric: =mysterious exoteric adj. 秘傳的，神秘的，難懂的I hate studying those esoteric philosophical theories.To me an English teacher, Buddhism is totally esoteric.7. great forests have been cut down, destroying ecological niches and their resident species.niche: the specific space occupied by an organism with its habitat n. 壁龕，適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?，（特定產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的）