研究生英語閱讀教程第三版(基礎(chǔ)級(jí)]翻譯答案解析Lesson1_.doc

WORD完美格式 1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh. that their long-term future must be considered. very greatly at risk. 因?yàn)橛⒄Z是個(gè)殺手。正是英語造成了康瑞克、康尼施、諾恩、曼科斯等語言的消亡。在其中一部分島上還有相當(dāng)多的人使用在英語到來之前就已存在的語言。然而，英語在日常生活中無處不在。所有的人或幾乎所有的人都懂英語。英語對(duì)現(xiàn)存的凱爾特語愛爾蘭語、 蘇格蘭蓋爾語及威爾士語的威脅是如此之大，它們的未來岌岌可危。2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly white English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least toleratedand certainly have not opposedthe hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion. 同時(shí)，他認(rèn)為這些政策和他稱之為語言歧視（和種族歧視、性別歧視的情況類似）的偏見密切相關(guān)。在菲利普森看來，在以白人英語為主導(dǎo)的世界，最重要的機(jī)構(gòu)和個(gè)人（有意或 無意地）鼓勵(lì)或者至少是容忍了（肯定沒有反對(duì)）英語霸權(quán)主義式的傳播。這種傳播始于三個(gè)世紀(jì)之前的經(jīng)濟(jì)及殖民擴(kuò)張。3. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat. 總的來說，我們現(xiàn)在或多或少地把這些語言看作有利的語言。在談到與之相關(guān)的文化及其為世界所做的貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，我們常懷有崇敬與贊賞，而且這樣做也沒有太大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)檫@些語言現(xiàn)在已不會(huì)構(gòu)成什么威脅。 4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus. 然而，許多人把英語看成是一件幸事。在此，我暫且不談任何世界語言所具有的明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)，例如廣泛的通信網(wǎng)，強(qiáng)大的文化傳媒體系，及強(qiáng)有力的文化教育機(jī)構(gòu)。 5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized. 講英語的南非和英國后裔并不強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)種族隔離政權(quán)， 而黑人反對(duì)力量， 其成員講多種語言，在初期軟弱無力且缺乏組織。 6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the worlds lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse. 這一象征表明這種世界通用語的使用者應(yīng)充分發(fā)掘這一幸事為我們帶來的好處,同時(shí)盡能避免招來災(zāi)難。7. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected , but I was still in love. 蘋果公司發(fā)生的這些事情絲毫的沒有改變這一點(diǎn)。 我被驅(qū)逐了,但是我仍然鐘愛我所做的事 情。 8. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a be ginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life. 因?yàn)?，作為一個(gè)成功者的負(fù)重感被作為一個(gè)創(chuàng)業(yè)者的輕松感覺所重新代替, 沒有比這更確定的事情了。這讓我覺得如此自由, 進(jìn)入了我生命中最有創(chuàng)造力的一個(gè)階段。 9. 3.It was awful tasting medicine,but i guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick . Dont lose faith.這個(gè)良藥的味道實(shí)在是太苦了,但是我想病人需要它。 有時(shí)候,人生會(huì)用磚頭打你的頭。不要失去信心。 10. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.you are already naked .there is no reason not to follow your heart. 記住你要死去，是我知道避免陷入認(rèn)為你已經(jīng)失去某些東西的思維陷阱的最好方法，你已經(jīng)一無所有，沒有理由不去追隨你的內(nèi)心。11. your time is limited,so dont waste it living someone elses life.dont the trapped by dogma-which is living with the results of other peoples thinking.dont let the noise of others opinions drown out your inner voice. 你的時(shí)間有限,所以不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間去過別人的生活。不要被信條所惑盲從信條是活在別人的思考結(jié)果。不要讓別人的意見淹沒了你內(nèi)心的聲音。12. Right then I learned another lesson .To avoid that kind of depression meant ,inevitably, having to endure a certain amount of worry and concern .就在那時(shí)我又得到一條經(jīng)驗(yàn)。就是要想避免這種郁悶，就不可避免要經(jīng)受某種擔(dān)憂和擔(dān)心。13. Any time ,it seems ,that we set out aggressively to get something we want ,we meet up with anxiety .And it is going to be our traveling companion ,at last part of the way ,into any new venture.看來任何時(shí)候只要我們開始積極努力獲取我們想要的東西，我們都會(huì)感到焦慮。焦慮將伴隨我們進(jìn)行新的冒險(xiǎn)，至少是部分行程的“驢友”。14. I had benefited ,I discovered ,from a process psychologists call “extinction”. If you put an individual in an anxiety-provoking situation often enough ,he will eventually learn that there isnt anything to be worried about .我發(fā)現(xiàn)我得益于心理學(xué)家稱之為“消失”的過程。 如果你把一個(gè)人放在一種使人焦慮的環(huán)境中，長此以往，他就會(huì)形成一種習(xí)慣，最終覺得 沒有什么值得擔(dān)憂的了。15. And ever since ,I have never hesitated to head for even the most exotic of places ,without guides or even advanced bookings ,confident that somehow I will manage 自那以后即使是到最不熟悉的地方去，我也不會(huì)猶豫。沒有導(dǎo)游，甚至沒有預(yù)定旅館我也不怕，因?yàn)槲液茏孕牛夷馨才藕眠@一切。16. But I dont let the butterflies stop me from doing what I want .Accept anxiety as another name for challenge and you can accomplish wanders.只是我不想讓發(fā)慌來阻止我去做我想做的事情，把焦慮當(dāng)作挑戰(zhàn)，這樣你才能創(chuàng)造奇跡。17. However , just as exceeding the speed limit will ,when traffic police are performing properly ,lead to a speeding ticket ,so being interviewed for an attractive career-entry position will ,when the interviewer knows what to look for ,lead directly or indirectly to the question “why should we hire you ?”然而，就像當(dāng)交警執(zhí)法時(shí)，司機(jī)超速就要吃罰單，同樣，在面試一份吸引人的、某一行業(yè)的職位的時(shí)候，如果面試官清楚地知道他們要找什么，就會(huì)直接或間接地問這樣一個(gè)問題：我們?yōu)槭裁匆陀媚悖俊?8. For someone wishing to begin a new career ,the prospects are starting to look nasty and brutish ,and the immediate picture is distinctly short of jobs ,hours ,and rewards for new employees .對(duì)于那些想要開始新的職業(yè)生涯的人來說，前途開始變的險(xiǎn)惡和殘酷，而眼前的形勢(shì)就是工作少，時(shí)間短，給新員工的工資也減少。19. Other students may find their academic work difficult and demanding enough without adding the headache of anticipating yet more demands .其他學(xué)生可能認(rèn)為學(xué)業(yè)課程已經(jīng)很難，要求很高了，因此不想再費(fèi)腦筋去想那些更多的要求了。20. If you are in program with a variety of optional courses ,your knowledge of the job markets demands will help you to make more informed decisions .如果，在你的學(xué)習(xí)過程中有各種選修課，如果你了解了就業(yè)市場的需求，就能幫助你做出更多明智的抉擇。21. You may discover that it is quite easy to gain insight into your field of interest just by sounding out your teachers .你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)只是到老師那里探聽些消息就能非常容易地深入了解你感興趣的領(lǐng)域。22. The technological advances of the 1990s ushered in what appeared to be a social and economic revolution that would rival the Industrial Revolution two centuries earlier ,creating a new society of technologically connected citizens with a world of digitized information ,commerce ,and communication at its fingertips.二十世紀(jì)九十年代的技術(shù)進(jìn)步似乎帶來了一場其意義堪與兩百年以前的工業(yè)革命相媲美的社會(huì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的革命，它創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)嶄新的社會(huì)，在這個(gè)社會(huì)里人們由技術(shù)相互連接，信息、商業(yè)以及通訊都在彈指一揮間。23. New advances in science and technology seemed to promise eventual solutions to problems ranging from eliminating toxic waste to grocery shopping-genetic engineers developed microbes that would eat Industrial sludge and researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technologys (MIT) Media Lab worked to devise a refrigerator that could sense when it was out of milk and use the Internet to order more .科技的新發(fā)展似乎向人們承諾提供最終解決從消除有毒廢料到食品采買一系列問題的新希望遺傳科技人員培養(yǎng)出了能夠吞食工業(yè)殘?jiān)奈⑸?，麻省理工學(xué)院媒體實(shí) 驗(yàn)室的研究人員設(shè)計(jì)出了能夠覺察箱內(nèi)牛奶告罄并可上網(wǎng)定購的電冰箱。24. The cloning of an animal in 1997 suggested that human cloning had become viable as well ,raising concerns no longer quite theoretical that humanity might be moving toward a “brave new world” of genetically engineered people .1997年克隆動(dòng)物的成功表明了克隆人也已不成問題，人們擔(dān)心人類可能會(huì)朝著一個(gè)由基因制造的人組成的“大膽的新世界”方向發(fā)展，（這已不再是單純的理論問題了）25. While most Americans agreed that children should not be exposed to such material ,attempts to regulate the content of individual Web pages and newsgroups conflicted with the idea of the Internet as an open , decentralized mass medium, where even the most absurd or repellant ideas could receive a hearing .盡管大多數(shù)美國人贊成小孩不應(yīng)接觸這些內(nèi)容，但企圖規(guī)范個(gè)人網(wǎng)頁和新 聞組內(nèi)容的努力還是同互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)是公開、非集權(quán)的大眾媒體的理念發(fā)生了沖突。在大眾媒體領(lǐng)域里，即使最荒唐、最令人討厭的東西也應(yīng)能找到發(fā)表之地。26. Still some critics wondered if all of the money spent on space research might not be better used to fund new discoveries here on Earth ,almost as if the diversion of space was no longer as necessary when there were so many new and interesting projects going on right here .但是一些批評(píng)人士提出質(zhì)疑說，把花在太空上的錢用來資助地球上的發(fā)現(xiàn)上是不是更好呢？似乎地球上正進(jìn)行著這么多有趣的新項(xiàng)目，太空研究不再那么必要了。27. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, who coined the term flow, which adherents of positive psychology would use to describe the job-induced highs, says that distinction is a false one. Anything can be enjoyable if the elements of flow are present, he writes in his book Good Business. Within that framework, doing a seemingly boring job can be a source of greater fulfillment than one ever thought possible. 米哈里 奇凱因特米哈里認(rèn)為這種區(qū)分是錯(cuò)誤的。 他發(fā)明了“強(qiáng)感受” (flow)這個(gè)說法, 信 奉正面心理學(xué)的人常用此詞來描述由工作而引發(fā)的興奮狀態(tài)。在稱心如意的工作一書 中他寫道: “只要存在強(qiáng)感受因素, 任何事情都能給我們帶來愉悅。根據(jù)這一觀點(diǎn), 從事一份 表面看上去枯燥的工作卻會(huì)給人們帶來想象不到的更大的成就感?！?2. But neither the late 1990s boom nor the subsequent bust had much impact in either direction, indicating that the state of worker happiness goes much deeper than the swings of the economy.但是 20 世紀(jì) 90 年代后期的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮和隨之而來的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條都沒有對(duì)員工的兩種工作 態(tài)度產(chǎn)生多大影啊, 這表明工人在工作中是否能獲得快樂感有比經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)更深層的原因。 28. Martina Radix, 41, traded a high-pressure job as an executive assistant at a company where she liked her colleagues for a less taxing position as a clerical worker in a law firm six years ago. She has more time and flexibility but feels stifled by her co-workers and unappreciated by her boss. I am a misfit in that department, she says. No matter how good your personal life is, if you go in to a bad atmosphere at work, it takes away from it. 41 歲的馬丁娜 蕾迪克斯原是一家公司的經(jīng)理助理, 雖然工作壓力大, 但她和同事相處 都很好;6 年前她換了工作, 到一家律師事務(wù)所成了一名職位相對(duì)清閑的辦事員。 如今她時(shí)間 多了, 自由度也大了, 但她感覺和這里的同事共事太壓抑, 也得不到老板的賞識(shí)。她說: “我 不適應(yīng)這個(gè)部門。不管你個(gè)人生活多愜意, 如果工作單位氛圍不好, 個(gè)人生活就會(huì)大受影 響。” 29. In fact, engagement at work is less a function of your personality than is happiness in general. Harter estimates that individual disposition accounts for only about 30% of the difference between employees who are highly engaged and those who are not. The rest of it is shaped by the hundreds of interactions that employees have every day with co-workers, supervisors and customers. 事實(shí)上, 對(duì)工作的投入與其說是人的個(gè)性使然, 不如說是源于人們?cè)诠ぷ髦锌傮w上感 到的快樂。哈特認(rèn)為, 對(duì)工作高度投入與并不