新視野大學(xué)英語1【語言學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)】.doc

新視野大學(xué)英語1Unit 1 Learning a Foreign Language2Unit 2 A Busy Weekday Morning5Unit 3 A Good Heart to Lean on10Unit 4 How to Make a Good Impression15Unit 5 Battle Against AIDS23Unit 7 Face to Face with Guns24Unit 10 Being Honest and Open2739Unit 1 Learning a Foreign LanguageI. Language PointsA：Expressions:1. to be well worth the effort2. to be at the top of the class3. to lose the desire to say anything in English 4. to be far from perfect 5. to stay at the same level forever6.to get access to the necessary equipment7. to keep up with the flow of the course8. to meet the minimum standards set by the course9. to cry with frustration10. to feel like giving up11. to reap the benefits of hard work12. not to trade sth for anything13. to teach me the value of hard work14. to give me insights into another culture15. to keep my mind open to new ways of seeing things16. to bridge the gap between different culturesExamples:1. to be well worth the effort (L. 3) 很值得去努力Not everything in life is well worth our risk. (生活中并非一切都值得我們?nèi)ッ半U(xiǎn)。)2. to be at the top of the class (L. 7) 在班里名列前茅On the list of good polices in social contact, honesty should be at the top. (在社交方面所有的良策之中誠信應(yīng)列在首位。)3. to lose my desire / eagerness to say anything in English (L.14) 失去說英語的欲望As a result of her dishonesty, I lost my desire to form further friendship with her. (由于她的不誠實(shí),我失去了與她建立進(jìn)一步友誼的欲望。)4. to be far from perfect (L. 19) 遠(yuǎn)不盡人意Although our environment is still far from perfect, we havent lost the desire to change it for the better. (盡管我們的環(huán)境還遠(yuǎn)不盡人意，我們并沒有失去使其改善的意愿。)5. to stay at the same level forever (L. 26) 永遠(yuǎn)停滯不前 Sometimes our English learning seems to stay at the same level for ever, but ,in fact, this is not necessary the case. (有時(shí)，我們的英語學(xué)習(xí)似乎總停滯不前，但事實(shí)上并不一定如此。)6. to get access to the necessary equipment (L. 30) 接觸到必要的設(shè)備Through online learning we get access to many new patterns of thinking. (通過網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)我們接觸到許多新思維模式。)7. to keep up with the flow of the course (L. 33) 跟上課程進(jìn)度To keep up with the flow of world trade, China decided to join WTO. (為了跟上世界貿(mào)易的進(jìn)程，中國決定加入世貿(mào)組織。)8. to meet the minimum standards set by the course (L. 34) 滿足課程最低限度的要求It also requires commitment and discipline to meet the minimum standards set by the university. (要滿足大學(xué)的最低要求也同樣需要專一和自制。)9. to cry with frustration (L. 37) 因挫折而哭泣It often happens that some jump with victory while others cry with frustration.( 一些人因勝利而雀躍，而另一些人因因挫折而哭泣，這種事情經(jīng)常發(fā)生。)10. to feel like giving up (L. 37) 想放棄In the face of difficulty, I always feel like giving up.(在困難面前我經(jīng)常想到放棄。)Unlike Zheng Pei-min, some officials only feel like enjoying pleasures as much as possible. (不像鄭培民那樣，一些官員只想著及時(shí)行樂。)11. to reap the benefits of hard work (L. 42) 嘗到刻苦學(xué)習(xí)的甜頭Online chatting in English made it possible for me to reap the benefits of English learning. (網(wǎng)上聊天使我能嘗到學(xué)英語的甜頭。)12. not to trade(exchange / give) sth for anything (L. 45) 拿什么都不換 What impressed us most in that disaster was their readiness to give their lives for the public health. (在那場災(zāi)難中給我們印象最深的是他們隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備用自己的生命換得大眾健康的精 神。)13. to teach me the value of hard work (L. 45) 使我懂得了刻苦努力的價(jià)值 Much personal contact with him taught me the value of true friendship. (與他頻繁的私人交往使我懂得了真摯友誼的價(jià)值。)14. to give me insights into another culture (L. 46) 使我認(rèn)識(shí)了另一種文化 Reading good books has given me insights into what good taste means. (讀好書使我認(rèn)識(shí)了高雅的含義。)15. to keep my mind open to new ways of seeing things (L. 46) 使我從心里樂于接受新的看待事物的方式 As long as we keep our minds open to anything helpful to social progress, our nation will be filled with hope. (只要我們從心里樂于接受任何有助于社會(huì)進(jìn)步的東西，我們的民族就充滿希望。)16. to bridge the gap between different cultures (L. 52) 彌合不同文化之間的鴻溝The couple tried to bridge the gap between their affections, but without any success. (夫婦二人試圖彌合兩人之間的感情分歧，但未能成功。)B. Patterns for you to use as models1. Typical patterns for cause and effect原句 1): Because of this positive method, I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes. (L. 6)句型提煉 Because of, sb adv. does sth / is + adj. to do sth, never worrying caring much about由于, 某人很做某事，從不怎么擔(dān)心.adj.(adv.): eager(ly), anxious(ly), likely, free(ly), content(ly), etc. 應(yīng)用：a.由于她強(qiáng)烈的物質(zhì)享受欲望, 她急于進(jìn)行權(quán)錢交易，根本不顧及對更大利益的破壞。Because of her strong desire for material wealth, she was eager to trade her power for money, never worrying about any damage to larger interests.應(yīng)用: b. 由于他對網(wǎng)上沖浪的興趣過濃， 他很有可能 一門心思上網(wǎng)，而不會(huì)關(guān)心自己的功課。Because of his undue interest in online surfing, he is likely to put all his mind on this business, never caring about his school work. 原句2): Now that I speak a foreign language, instead of staring into space when English is being spoken, I can participate and make friends. (L.50)句型提煉 Now that sb. does / has done sth., instead of , he / she can should do sth. else. 由于 既然某人做某事，而不再, 他她就能做另一事。應(yīng)用: a. 既然我們上遠(yuǎn)程英語課，而不再因在普通課堂上出錯(cuò)感到難堪，那我們就能從網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)中有所收獲。Now that we have taken the online course, instead of feeling embarrassed when making mistakes in the regular class, we can reap some benefits from it. 應(yīng)用： b. 既然你能從心里上樂于接受新的思維方式，而不再對其視而不見，那你就有機(jī)會(huì)跟上時(shí)代的潮流。Now that you can keep your mind open to new ways of thinking, instead of turning a blind eye to them, you stand a good chance to keep up with the flow of the times.原句3): While my former teacher had been patient with all the students, my new teacher quickly punished those who gave incorrect answers. (L. 9)句型提煉 While sth / sb is / does, sth / sb else is / does : 某事 某人, 而另一事 另一人應(yīng)用： a.當(dāng)事情進(jìn)展得不順利時(shí)，一些人努力去尋求出路，而另一些人則壓根不去想解決問題的辦法。When things go wrong, some work hard to find a way out while others totally lose the desire to think out any solution to the problem.應(yīng)用：b. 在社交中，有人表現(xiàn)出對其承諾的專一,而有人則常常是說話不算話。In social contacts, some show a total commitment to their promises while some often back away from theirs.2. Typical patterns for comparison and contrast:原句1): Unlike my senior middle school teacher, my college English teachers were patient and kind, and none of them carried long, pointed sticks! (L.16)句型提煉 Unlike sb. / sth. else(that), sb. / sth. is / does不像另一人/物（）那樣(與另一人/物不同)，某人/物應(yīng)用: a. 不像一些貪官高高在上那樣， 周恩來生前和人民群眾建立了難以忘懷的友誼，從而將永遠(yuǎn)活在人民的心中。Unlike some corrupt officials who set themselves above the masses, Zhou En-lai formed unforgettable friendships with the people during his lifetime, thus living forever in their memory.應(yīng)用: b.與我在高中時(shí)遇到的女孩不同,她很高傲自大，從不正眼看我一眼。Unlike the girls I came across in the senior middle school, she is very self-important, never looking me in the eye.原句2): Learning a foreign language has been a most trying experience for me, but one that I wouldnt trade for anything. (L. 44)句型提煉 Doing sth. is a most + adj. experience for sb., but one that he / she would not trade / give / exchange for anything. 做某事對某人來說是非常的經(jīng)歷，但卻是一種用什么他她都不換的經(jīng)歷。應(yīng)用： a. 追求幸福對我來說是非常艱辛的經(jīng)歷，但卻是一種用什么我都不換的經(jīng)歷。 Seeking after happiness has been a most painstaking experience, but one that I would not trade for anything.應(yīng)用：b. 被別人歧視對我來說是非常難以忍受的經(jīng)歷， 但卻激勵(lì)我很多。 Being looked down upon was a most intolerable experience, but one that inspired me a lot.3. Typical patterns for induction:原句1): The most wonderful result of having learned a foreign language was that I could communicate with many more people than before. (L. 47)句型提煉 The most wonderful result of having done sth. / doing sth. is that(從句) 做某事最令人興奮的收獲結(jié)果是應(yīng)用: a.在一些大學(xué)生看來 上大學(xué)最令人興奮的收獲是他們學(xué)會(huì)了如何過一種羅曼蒂克式的生活。For some students, the most amazing result of having come to college is that they have learned how to lead a romantic life.應(yīng)用: b. 發(fā)動(dòng)那場戰(zhàn)爭最令人難以置信的結(jié)果是發(fā)動(dòng)者本身成了戰(zhàn)敗者。The most unbelievable result of having started the war was that the starter himself turned out to be the underdog.應(yīng)用：c. 上網(wǎng)聊天最令人激動(dòng)的收獲是我可以和許多人分享歡樂與幸福。The most exciting result of chatting online is that I can share joy and happiness with many people. IV. Writing SkillA paragraph of cause and effect In passage A the author presents the reader his own language learning experiences for different stages, from junior middle school to online learning. And for each stage of learning he describes an effect that results from some causes. This is an example of cause and effect writing, which makes clear the reasons why something happens by showing the relation between a cause and its effect. Paragraph 3 is a typical example:The topic - My learning experience in senior middle school is different from before.When I went to senior middle school, I was eager to continue studying English; however, my experience in senior school was very different from before.The cause- While my former teacher had patient with all students, my new teacher quickly punished those who gave incorrect answers. Whenever we answered incorrectly, she pointed a long stick at us and, shaking it up and down, shouted, “No! No! No!”The effect- It didnt take me long to lose my eagerness to answer questions. Not only did I lose my joy in answering questions, but also I totally lost my desire to say anything at all in English.Unit 2 A Busy Weekday MorningI. Language PointsA：Expressions:to blast forthto sing along withto turn that music off to burst into her room (not) to have to listen to such horrible stuffthe same thing over and overto listen to music like thisto reach for sth.to turn it up louder(not) to stand itto turn that radio downto get ready for schoolto turn on the showerto help her wake upto put on her makeupto pretend (not) to notice itto be too young to wear much makeupto be old enough to wear makeupto pick up her booksto do sth. more than beforeto do sth. a lot more than usualas usual A. Expressions1.突然響起來 to blast forth (L. 1)我們正聚精會(huì)神聽有關(guān)公共道德的報(bào)告，隔壁突然響起了搖滾樂。We were focusing our minds on a talk about public morality when rock music blasted forth from the next door. 2.和一起: along with 但是,汽車時(shí)代也隨之給人類社會(huì)帶來了許多危害。1) But the automobile age also brought along with it a lot of harm to the human societies.包裹單上附有一張帳單。2) There was a bill along with the parcel.3.把.關(guān)了: turn off我關(guān)不上水龍頭。I cannot turn off the tap.他聳聳肩回避開了這個(gè)問題。He turned off the question with a shrug of the shoulders. 4.沖進(jìn).;突然爆發(fā): blast offThe children burst into the room looking for the toy.藤花（wistaria ）無次第,萬朵一時(shí)開。Wistarias, following no sequence, all burst into flower at a time.5.(不)一定要聽這么糟糕的東西 ( not) to have to listen to such horrible stuff (L.5)感覺幸福不一定非得富有。One doesnt have to be wealthy to be happy.6.一遍又一遍地重復(fù)同一個(gè)東西 the same thing over and over (L. 5)做了父母才能理解父母的絮叨。Parents talking about the same thing over and over is understandable only when you have your own children.7.聽這樣的音樂 to listen to music like this (L. 9)不聽我這樣的老人言，你一準(zhǔn)吃虧在眼前。If you dont listen to the old like me, youll surely be getting the worst of it right away.8.伸手去拿某物 to reach for sth. (L.10)生活中你會(huì)遇到各種機(jī)會(huì)，但你必須設(shè)法抓住它們。Various opportunities will come your way in life, but you must reach out for them.9.（使）向上翻；出現(xiàn)；發(fā)現(xiàn)；（收音機(jī)等）音量開大： turn up每次我向她求婚，她總是翹起鼻子表示對我沒興趣。Every time I ask for her hand, she turns up her nose to show no interest in me.警方搜查了這所房子，希望找到更多線索。 The police searched the house hoping to turn up more clues.如果他不馬上露面的話，我們就不帶他去了。If he doesnt turn up soon, we shall have to go without her.空調(diào)開的太大了。The air conditioner was turned up too high.10.受（不）了 (not) to stand it (L.11)與其忍受他的粗暴，她寧可和他離婚。Rather than stand his rudeness, shed prefer to get divorced from him.11.把（收音機(jī)等）關(guān)小;拒絕：turn down 男孩想?yún)④?，但因?yàn)槟昙o(jì)小沒有被同意。The boy wanted to join the Army but was turned down because he was under age.把煤氣關(guān)小點(diǎn)。Turn down the gas.12為。做好準(zhǔn)備:to get ready for 世上許多事物是在我們未作好準(zhǔn)備的情況下進(jìn)入我們的生活的。Many of the things in the world come into our life before we get ready for them.13.打開；使（開始） to turn on 他走過去把收音機(jī)開到球賽節(jié)目上。He walked over to the radio and turned on the ball game.這種教學(xué)方法不是使學(xué)生越學(xué)越想學(xué)，而是使他們越來越厭煩。This teaching method turns students off rather than on.14. 使（清）醒：wake up能否在8點(diǎn)中叫醒我？Could you wake me (up) at about eight?Another failure in career didnt discourage him but helped him wake up to the truth that the more setbacks, the more exertion of effort.事業(yè)上的又一次失敗沒有使他氣餒，卻使他明白了愈挫愈奮的道理。15.給自己化妝 to put on her makeup (L. 26)每當(dāng)談及未來的挑戰(zhàn)，她總是擺出那樣一副不在乎的樣子。Whenever it comes to the future challenges, she puts on that look of not caring.16.裝著.: pretend to 裝著(沒)看見 to pretend (not) to notice it (L. 51)這一件小事使她意識(shí)到這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：她的男友在假裝追求她。This incident made her aware of the fact that her boyfriend pretended to be running after her.17.太.不: too.to年齡太小，不適宜化濃妝 to be too young to wear much makeup (L. 53)當(dāng)談?wù)摰浇?jīng)商之道，這位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人說；“有的商人精明有余,聰明不足?！盬hen talking about the art of doing business, this leader said: “ Some businessmen are too clever to be wise.”18.到了.的年齡: be old enough to to be old enough to wear makeup (L. 55)到了18歲，一個(gè)人也就到了該為自己的決定負(fù)責(zé)的年齡。At 18, one is old enough to be responsible for his/her own decisions. 19.拿起；恢復(fù) to pick up her books (L. 58)老婦人病了好幾個(gè)月，但現(xiàn)在開始恢復(fù)健康了。The old woman has been ill for several months but is beginning to pick up now.20. 比以前更多地做某事 to do sth more than before (L.62)海倫凱勒的故事激勵(lì)他比以前更多、更努力地練習(xí)英語。The story of Helen Keller encouraged him to practice English more and harder than before.21.比往常更多地做某事 to do sth a lot more than usual (L. 62) 面對這種嚴(yán)重的傳染病，世界各國之間的合作比以往更多了。Faced with the severe infectious disease, countries in the world cooperated with one another a lot more than usual. 21. 與往常一樣；照例：as usual 就像平時(shí)的周末一樣，俱樂部里幾乎空無一人。As usual at the weekend, the club was almost empty.III. Expressions & PatternsTypical patterns for suggestion:1) Why does sb. have to do sth.?Why doesnt sb. do sth.? 某人為什么非得要做某事？/ 某人為什么不做某事？應(yīng)用：a. 你咳嗽這么厲害，為什么每天非得要抽煙呢？You are coughing so badly. Why do you have to smoke every day?應(yīng)用: b. 既然有些可怕的疾病來自野生動(dòng)物，我們?yōu)槭裁床唤谷藗兪秤弥?？Since some of the terrible diseases come from wild animals, why dont we ban people from taking them for food?Listen for a minute; Im sure youll like it. (L. 8)2) Do sth. and / ; (I am sure) you /sb. else will / can (not) (建議你)做某事, 這樣你別人(肯定)就（不）會(huì)您聽一下吧，您肯定會(huì)喜歡的。應(yīng)用：a. 用真善美創(chuàng)造生活，你會(huì)賦予生命永恒的價(jià)值。Create your life in beauty, goodness and truth, and you will invest life with enduring worth.應(yīng)用: b. 永不放棄，你肯定會(huì)成功。Never give up trying; I am sure you will make it.You should brush your teeth when you wake up and then brush them again after breakfast. (L. 43) 3) Sb. should (not) do sth. when (從句) 某人(不)應(yīng)在時(shí)間做某事。你該起來后就刷牙，吃完早飯后再刷次牙。應(yīng)用：a. 入鄉(xiāng)要隨俗。You should do in the Roman way when (you are) in Rome.應(yīng)用：b. 一個(gè)官員應(yīng)在其位謀其政，而不應(yīng)以權(quán)謀私。When (he is) in office, an official should do his duty，and should not seek personal gains by abusing his power.應(yīng)用: c.中國傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)分子認(rèn)為：窮則獨(dú)善其身，達(dá)則兼濟(jì)天下。Traditional Chinese intellectuals hold that one should refine his personal virtue when in poverty, and help save the world when in success. Now, would you please hurry up and turn it off?(L. 14)4) Would you please do sth? 請/麻煩你做某事（，好嗎）？好了，請快點(diǎn)把它關(guān)了。應(yīng)用:a. 請你振作起來，沮喪是沒有用的。 Would you please cheer up? Being depressed does nothing to help you. 應(yīng)用: b. 你要面對現(xiàn)實(shí)。喝這么多酒只會(huì)損害健康。 Would you please face up to the reality? For drinking too much can do only harm to your health. 2. Typical patterns for comparison and contrast:Like a shot, the music woke Sandy.（L. 1）1) Like sb. / sth. else(who/which), sb. / sth. is / does 像另一人/物（）那樣(與另一人/物相同)，某人/物應(yīng)用: a. 像春天的綠葉和盛開的花朵，這些又跳又唱的孩子們預(yù)示著我們的生活有一個(gè)充滿希望，無限繁榮的未來。Like green leaves and blossoming flowers in spring, these dancing and singing children signify a most hopeful and prosperous future for our life.應(yīng)用: b.和我在大街上見過的許多人一樣，他從事著平凡的工作，但是卻對我們的社會(huì)做著不平凡的貢獻(xiàn)。Like many people Ive come across in the street, he does a usual job, but makes unusual contribution to our society. 2) Sb. / Sth. does / is sth.,too, (There is sth in,too,) but, (陳述不同之處) 某人 某物也做 是某事某物，但是(與前者不同的地方）The music I listened to had a message, too, but the words were clear and the musicians didnt use such offensive language. （L. 11） 應(yīng)用:a. 我們社會(huì)里也存在著不良的做法，但是經(jīng)過我們的努力是可以被根除的。 There are some bad practices in our society, too, but, practices that can be done away with through our efforts.應(yīng)用: b. 面對SARS的傳播，我們也感到害怕，然而，我們更把民族的生存置于自己的生命之上。Faced with the spread of SARS, we filled with fear, too, but we would prefer to put the nations survival above our lives.3. Typical patterns for emphasis of consequence:Do (Dont do) sth so / or you / sb. will /can(not) 做某事, 這樣 / 不然 你別人就（不）會(huì)Turn that radio down so your mother and I cant hear it. (L. 12) / Get ready for school or youll be late.(L.14)應(yīng)用：a. 經(jīng)常和父母交換意見，這樣你們雙方的關(guān)系就會(huì)很融洽。Exchange opinions with your parents frequently so you both can be on good terms with each other.Accept your parents criticism from the bottom of your heart or you will be under more fire.應(yīng)用：b. 要誠心接受父母的批評，不然你會(huì)受到更嚴(yán)厲的批評。VI. WritingViews on Sth. （各抒己見）寫作模式（各抒己見）1) When it comes to sth., peoples ideas are not cut from the same cloth. 2) Some people hold /argue that (觀點(diǎn)一) 3) They base their argument on the ground that (理由) 4) But others react to the problem the other way around and contend that the opposite is just reasonable or right. (觀點(diǎn)二) 5) From their angle of view, (理由) 6) I am of the opinion that(我的看法) 7) (理由) 8)(結(jié)論句). Reference model: Views on Generation Gap1) When it comes to the problem of generation gap, peoples ideas are not cut from the same cloth. 2) Most of the old argue that young people should be responsible for the problem. 3) They base their argument on the ground that young people either turn a deaf ear to the elders experience-based advice or set themselves against what the elders have been proud o