Oracle12c單機(jī)安裝_For_Linux_x64.docx

Linux 平臺安裝Oracle Database 12c1.Oracle Database 12cRelease 1介質(zhì)準(zhǔn)備12.檢查硬件要求(Check Hardware Requirements)22.1Check CPU22.2Check Memory22.3Check Disk Capacity33.檢查軟件要求(Checking the Software Requirements)33.1操作系統(tǒng)版本檢測33.2檢查oracle 12c所需包44.系統(tǒng)配置準(zhǔn)備64.1創(chuàng)建Oracle用戶和用戶組64.2創(chuàng)建安裝目錄64.3Disable SELinux64.4修改系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核參數(shù)74.5設(shè)置用戶限制104.6配置環(huán)境變量114.7解壓安裝鏡像文件125.安裝步驟截圖126.創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫截圖216.1創(chuàng)建CDB216.2創(chuàng)建nonCDB317.附錄42421. Oracle Database 12cRelease 1介質(zhì)準(zhǔn)備官方的下載地址：1：/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html2：/EPD/Download/get_form?egroup_aru_number=16496132URL地址2需要先注冊，然后才能登陸下載，注冊登陸界面地址1下載的文件為：linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.ziplinuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip地址2下載的文件為（）：V38500-01_1of2.zipV38500-01_2of2.zip2. 檢查硬件要求(Check Hardware Requirements)2.1 Check CPU# grep model name /proc/cpuinfomodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHzmodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHzmodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHzmodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHzmodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHzmodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHzmodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHzmodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHz# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l8# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical id | sort | uniq | wc -l42.2 Check Memory# grepMemTotal /proc/meminfo# free -gOracle 12c 對系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存的最低要求為1G，推薦2G或更大的內(nèi)存。Oracle對交換分區(qū)（Swap Space）的推薦設(shè)置如下，2.3 Check Disk Capacity#df -hOracle 12c 企業(yè)版的需要6.4G大小的磁盤空間，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版需要6.1G大小的磁盤空間。/tmp需要至少1G的大小。從上面結(jié)果得知，磁盤空間完全滿足。3. 檢查軟件要求(Checking the Software Requirements)3.1 操作系統(tǒng)版本檢測Oracle 12 c 只支持64位的Linux系統(tǒng)。不支持32Linux平臺，這也許是以后的趨勢了。Operating System Requirements for x86-64 Linux Platforms。 Oracle 的官方文檔明確列出了支持下面三個(gè)Linux版本Supported Oracle Linux 6 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Distributions for x86-64Supported Oracle Linux 5 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Distributions for x86-64Supported SUSE Distributions for x86-64# uname -mx86_64# uname -r2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek# more /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.7 (Tikanga)# uname -aLinux 2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek #1 SMP Wed Jul 27 21:02:33 EDT 2011 x86_64 x86_64x86_64 GNU/Linuxrootgetoraclelnx01 Server# lsb_release -idDistributor ID: EnterpriseEnterpriseServerDescription: Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server release 5.7 (Carthage)3.2 檢查oracle 12c所需包關(guān)于Oracle 12c所需包，從官方文檔看，不同版本的操作系統(tǒng)似乎有所不同，Oracle Linux 5 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5需要安裝下面一些包binutils-.6compat-libstdc+-33-3.2.3compat-libstdc+-33-3.2.3 (32 bit)gcc-4.1.2gcc-c+-4.1.2glibc-2.5-58glibc-2.5-58 (32 bit)glibc-devel-2.5-58glibc-devel-2.5-58 (32 bit)kshlibaio-0.3.106libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit)libaio-devel-0.3.106libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit)libgcc-4.1.2libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit)libstdc+-4.1.2libstdc+-4.1.2 (32 bit)libstdc+-devel 4.1.2libXext-1.0.1libXext-1.0.1 (32 bit)libXtst-1.0.1libXtst-1.0.1 (32 bit)libX11-1.0.3libX11-1.0.3 (32 bit)libXau-1.0.1libXau-1.0.1 (32 bit)libXi-1.0.1libXi-1.0.1 (32 bit) make-3.81sysstat-7.0.2#rpm -q binutilscompat-libstdc+ gccgcc-c+ glibcglibc-develkshlibaiolibaio-devellibgcclibstdc+ libstdc+-devellibXextlibXtst libX11 libXaulibXi make sysstat# rpm -ivhpkg_name如上所示，既可以用rpm安裝，也可以用yum本地源進(jìn)行安裝，這個(gè)就看那個(gè)方便以及個(gè)人的喜好、習(xí)慣了。一般推薦用yum安裝，不過需要進(jìn)行配置。4. 系統(tǒng)配置準(zhǔn)備4.1 創(chuàng)建Oracle用戶和用戶組# groupadd-g 501dba# groupadd -g 502oinstall# useradd-u 500 -g oinstall -G dba oracleid oracleuid=500(oracle) gid=502(oinstall) groups=502(oinstall),501(dba)創(chuàng)建了oracle用戶以及相關(guān)用戶組后，需要設(shè)置oracle用戶密碼。4.2 創(chuàng)建安裝目錄# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle4.3 Disable SELinux# /usr/sbin/sestatusSELinux status: disabled# /usr/sbin/getenforceDisabled從上面可以看出SELinux已經(jīng)被禁用了，如果沒有禁用，則可以通過下面命令禁用getenforce (returns Enforcing) setenforce 0 getenforce (returns Permissive) End to restore it to enforcing setenforce 1 getenforce (returns Enforcing) 4.4 修改系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核參數(shù)在修改系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核參數(shù)前，你可以用命令先查看一下當(dāng)前各類系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的值，亦或直接查看配置文件/etc/sysctl.conf# getconf PAGESIZE4096# sysctl -a | grepsemkernel.sem = 250 32000 32 128# sysctl -a | grepshmkernel.shmmax = 68719476736kernel.shmall = 4294967296kernel.shmmni = 4096vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 0# sysctl -a | grep file-maxfs.file-max = 2414060# sysctl -a | grepip_local_port_rangenet.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 61000關(guān)于內(nèi)核參數(shù)的一些設(shè)置建議，可以參考下面資料：修改前最后先備份一下/etc/sysctl.conf，以防萬一。# cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak# vi /etc/sysctl.conf添加或修改下面參數(shù)kernel.shmmax = 68719476736kernel.shmall = 6029312kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 262144net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =9000 65500fs.file-max=65536fs.aio-max-nr=1048576kernel.shmall =physical RAM size / pagesize (getconf PAGESIZE) - If the defaults are greater then leave it.kernel.shmall = 內(nèi)存大小/4k=32*1024*1024/4 = 8388608kernel.shmmax = 20*1024*1024=20971520 而默認(rèn)的為68719476736，那么使用默認(rèn)值#samplekernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744# Recommended value for kernel.shmmnikernel.shmmni = 4096修改完成后保存，然后運(yùn)行sysctl -p 命令使之生效4.5 設(shè)置用戶限制在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下配置。oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536oracle soft stack 10240oracle hard stack 10240Add the following line to the /etc/pam.d/login file,if it does not already exist.session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.soAdd the following to/etc/profile if Oracle user will use the bash shell.if $USER = oracle ; thenulimit -u 16384ulimit -n 65536fi4.6 配置環(huán)境變量首先切換到oracle賬戶，編輯修改主目錄下 .bash_profileTMP=/tmp; export TMPTMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIRORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASEORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOMEORACLE_SID=epps; export ORACLE_SIDORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERMPATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATHPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATHLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATHCLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATHif $USER = oracle ; thenif $SHELL = /bin/ksh ; thenulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536elseulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fifi使配置生效$source .bash_profile4.7 解壓安裝鏡像文件$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip5. 安裝步驟截圖驗(yàn)證參數(shù)時(shí)，fs.file-max設(shè)置為65536，但是ORACLE推薦使用68157744，net.core.wmem_max大小為262144，oracle 推薦使用1048576，修改內(nèi)核參數(shù)，運(yùn)行sysctl -p使之生效。然后重新驗(yàn)證通過# sysctl -pnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 0net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0kernel.sysrq = 0kernel.core_uses_pid = 1net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1kernel.msgmnb = 65536kernel.msgmax = 65536kernel.shmmax = 68719476736kernel.shmall = 6029312kernel.shmmni = 4096