2010年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)課件-主謂一致.ppt

2010高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法 專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)系列課件 15 主謂一致 主謂一致謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)一致 這就叫主謂一致 IamateacherSheoftendoesherhomeworkinthemorning Thereisonlyoneboxonthetable Thereare50studentsinourclass 但是如果主語(yǔ)不是單一的 或主語(yǔ)名詞的數(shù)比較特殊時(shí) 其主謂一致一般要根據(jù)語(yǔ)法一致 從前原則 意義一致 就近原則 一 語(yǔ)法一致原則一般來(lái)說(shuō) 語(yǔ)法形式是單數(shù)的主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 語(yǔ)法形式是復(fù)數(shù)的主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 Eg 1 Thenumberoferrorswassurprising 錯(cuò)誤之多是驚人的 2 Weloveourmotherland 二 意義一致原則主 謂語(yǔ)的一致不是根據(jù)其外部語(yǔ)法形態(tài)來(lái)決定 而是取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)在含義 主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù) 但在意義上卻為復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采取復(fù)數(shù)形式 主語(yǔ)形式雖為復(fù)數(shù) 但在意義上視為單數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采取單數(shù)形式 Eg 1 Thecrowdwerefightingfortheirlives 這些人正為生存而戰(zhàn)斗 2 Threeyearsinastrangelandseemslikealongtime 在異鄉(xiāng)生活的三年 仿佛是很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間 三 就近原則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)它前面最鄰近的名詞或代詞或其他詞的數(shù)的形式 來(lái)決定其自身的數(shù)的形式 Eg 1 Notonlyhischildrenbutalsohehimselfwantstogothere 2 EithermywifeorIamgoingtoworkthere 就近原則的使用情況 當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞由or either or neither nor whether or notonly butalso not but 連接時(shí) 在therebe herebe 句型中 1 There alamp twopensandthreebooksonthedesk 2 Here someenvelopesandpaperforyou 3 Notonlyhisfamilybutalsohe 喜歡 Chaplin smovies 4 YouorI goingtoreceivethemthisafternoon is are likes am 5 NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother A isB areC amD be6 There inthisroom a aretoomuchfurnitureb istoomanyfurnituresc aretoomuchfurnituresd istoomuchfurniture 7 NeitherTomnorhisparents athome a isb arec hasd was8 Eitherthedeanortheprincipal themeeting attendsattendc areattendingd haveattended 9 waswrong a Nottheteacherbutthestudentsb Boththestudentsandtheteacherc Neithertheteachernotthestudentsd Notthestudentsbuttheteacher10 Hedidn tsaywhethersomeEnglishnovelsoranEnglishdictionary wanted A areB isC wasD were 有togetherwith with aswellas but except besides ratherthan including along alongwith like 連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí) 采取從前原則 1 They togetherwithTom goingtoswimthisafternoon be 2 Noonebutyourparents therethen be 3 He likeyouandyourbrother veryclever be 4 Theteacher includinghisstudents goingtoseeProfessorTell be 5 Mary togetherwithhissisters goneback have are was is has has 1 Anexpert togetherwithsomeassistants tohelpinthiswork A wassentB weresentC issendingD aresending2 eitherheorIfitforthejob Neitherhenoryou A Am areB Is areC Are areD Is is 3 Nothingbutcars intheshop A issoldB aresoldC weresoldD aregoingtosell4 Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks tothenationasagift A isofferedB haveofferedC areofferedD hasoffered 5 Notonlythewholenation butthewholeEurope indeedthewholehumansociety toalteritsattitudetoracialproblems a needb needsc hasaneedd haveaneed6 Totellyouthetruth I aswellastheotherstudents hungry A sureamB amsureC sureareD aresure 由and或both and連接主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) 1 Apoetandanovelisthavevisitedourschool 2 WuDongandWuXi twinbrother be are 1 Thesingerandthedancer cometothemeeting A hasB haveC areD is2 ThesecretaryofthePartybranchandthedirectorofthatfactoryoften withtheworkers A worksB workC isworkingD areworking 如果and連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人 同一事物或同一概念 則兩個(gè)名詞共用一個(gè)冠詞 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) Eg 1 Theteacherandwriterisherfriend 2 Butterandbreadisherfavoritefood 3 Ajournalistandauthor live inthehouse4 Thedoctorandprofessor be comingatonce lives is 1 TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting A beB wasC areD were2 Wiskyandsoda hisfavoritedrink isb arec wered havebeen 3 Lightandheat oftensentouttogetherwithheavysmoke isB wasC areD being4 waswrong Nottheteacherbutthestudentsb Boththestudentsandtheteacherc Neithertheteachernotthestudentsd Notthestudentsbuttheteacher every and every each and each no and no manya and manya 連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 1 Everydeskandeverychair madeofwood be 2 Manyaboyandgirl madethesamemistake have 3 Noboyandnogirl be intheclassroom 4 Manyastudent like popsongs is has is likes 1 Eachmanandwoman thesamerights hasb havec hadd ishaving2 Manyastudent theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage a haverealizedb hasrealizedc havebeenrealizedd hasbeenrealized 3 Nochairandnodesk permittedtobetakenawayfromthereadingroom areB wereC isD be4 Manyafather learnttohissorrowwhatitistohaveasonwhotellslies A haveB isC areD has 5 Everyman womanandchild somehistory enoughatleast tosurviveintheworld knowsb knowc isknownd areknown some of plentyof alotof most of therestof all of half of part of themajorityof 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) of 名詞等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of后的名詞或則和其替代的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致 1 Alotofstudents waitingoutside be 2 Morethan70percentofthesurface be coveredbywater 3 Therestofthemoney belong toyou are were is belongs 1 ofthelandinthatdistrict coveredwithtreesandgrass A Twofifth isB Twofifth areC Twofifths isD Twofifths are2 Ihavefinishedalargepartofthebook therest moredifficult A isB areC wasD were 3 Mostofhissavings intheXinHuaBank hasbeenkeptb isbeingkeptc havekeptd havebeenkept4 Themajorityofthedamage easytorepair isb arec wered be 5 Themajorityofdoctors smokingisharmfultohealth arebelievedb hadbelievedc hasbelievedd believe6 Three fourthsofthebuildings wasdestroyedb isdestroyedc weredestroyedd hasbeendestroyed none有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待 有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看待 主要根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的意思決定 eg Noneofthebooksareeasyenoughforus Noneofushasacamera Noneofthemoneyispaidtome one everyone each either neither theother anotheranybody anyone anything somebody someone something everybody everyone everything nobody noone nothing thenumber of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)或是獨(dú)立充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) Eachofthestudentshasabook Neitherofthemhastoldme Eitheroftheanswersisright 1 Theyeach anewdictionary A hasB haveC isD are2 Eachofyou responsiblefortheaccident a amb bec isd are 3 Eachofthestudentsinourclass greatinterestinEnglishandtheyeach acopyofNewEnglish ChineseDictionary A shows haveB have hasC is haveD takes has4 Thetwosistersareforcedtoplaythepiano Infact neitherofthem toplayit A likeB likedC likesD liking 5 Nobodybuthisfamily thesecret knowB areknownC haveknownD knew oneandahalf做主語(yǔ)時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用做單數(shù) Oneandahalfyearshaspassed Oneandahalfappleshasrottedaway more 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 thanone和morethanone 單數(shù)名詞的意義相同 均表示 不只一個(gè) 但前者用作復(fù)數(shù) 后者用作單數(shù) morethan 兩個(gè)以上的數(shù)字 名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語(yǔ)時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) Morestudentsthanonewerepunished Morethanonestudentwaspunished Morethantwohundredpersonsarepresent Morethanonewaskilledinthebattle 1 Morethanoneworker dismissed havebeenb arec hasbeend has2 Morethanonegraduate senttothehardestplacesince1979 isB areC hasbeenD havebeen 表示時(shí)間 數(shù)目 距離 價(jià)格 度量衡等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ) 并作為整體看待時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 1 Fourhoursisenoughtodotheexperiment 2 Tendollarsistoomuchtopayforthatshirt 3 Thirtyfeetislongenough 1 twentydollarsabigsumtoher Isupposeso Willbeb Isc Ared Were2 Threehours enoughforustofinishthetask areb hasc isd were 算術(shù)中的動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)都可以 多用單數(shù) Twoandtwomakes makefour Threetimesthreeisnine 集合名詞class family army enemy team group government staff audience crowd public committee等作主語(yǔ)時(shí) 若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) 若表示組成該集體的成員 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) Eg 1 beMyfamily verylarge Hisfamily waitingforhim 2 be haveTheclass madeupof54students Alltheclass gonetotheplayground is are were is have 1 Thecommittee overtheproblemamongthemselvesfortwohours hasarguedb hasbeenarguingc havearguedd havebeenarguing2 Thepublic generousintheircontributionstotheearthquakevictims isb wasc ared hasbeen 3 Hisfamily alwaysquarrellingamong A is itselfB are themselvesC is themselvesD are itself 有些名詞本身表示復(fù)數(shù)概念 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 如people police cattle goods youth clothes等 Eg 1 Thepolice afterathief 2 Cattle ongrass feed 3 Allthegoods arrived have are feed have 1 Cattle onthehillside grazesb isgrazingc wasgrazingd weregrazing2 TheyouthofChinatoday tryingtheirbesttostudymodernscienceandtechnology A isB wasC wereD are 定冠詞 adj 分詞 表示一類(lèi)具體的人或物時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) 若表示某一抽象概念 則用單數(shù) 1 Theold takengoodcareofhere be 2 Theold give placetothenew 3 Thetrue be tobedistinguishedfromthefalse 4 Therich be fortheplan butthepooragainstit are gives is are 1 Thewounded bythehospital A havebeentakeninB hasbeentakeninC havetakeninD hastakenin2 Inthatcountry therich richer thepoor poorer a becomeb hasbecomec becomesd isbecoming what who which any of more most all of half of part of 等代詞作主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)可以是單數(shù) 也可以是復(fù)數(shù) 主要看它們指代的是什么來(lái)決定 1 Whichisyourroom 2 Whichareyourrooms 3 Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone 4 Alloftheworkersareskilled 5 Amanwhothinksonlyhimselfcanneverbehappy 6 Heisnotoneofthosewhobowbeforedifficulties 一個(gè)不定式 動(dòng)名詞 從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的不定式 動(dòng)名詞或是從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) 但是如同這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)指一個(gè)概念 仍然用單數(shù) Readingisagoodway Tosayitisonething todoitisanother Whathesaysandwhathedoesdonotagree Earlytogotobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy wealthyandwise 1 Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory yet A isnotdecidedB arenotdecidedC hasnotdecidedD havenotdecided2 Whatcausedtheaccident ontheroad werestoneb werestonesc wasstoned wasstones 3 Gettingtootherplanetsortothemoon manyproblems involveb involvesc involvingd toinvolve clothing furniture traffic jewellery baggage equipment luggage等無(wú)生命的集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea 在定語(yǔ)從句中 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總是與先行詞保持一致 1 Heisoneofthestudentswhoaremodest 2 Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoismodest 3 Allthosewhowanttogoonajourney pleasesignyournameshere 在倒裝句中 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往與其后的第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)取得一致 也就是說(shuō) 倒裝句要采用就近原則 Whereisyourmotherandyoursisters Intheroomwasfoundahat afewsuitsofclothesandsomeshoesandsocks 1 Betweenthetworowsoftrees ateachingbuildingandtwodormitores A standB standsC standingD are2 Onthewall twolargeportraitsofhisparents A hangsB hangedC hangingD hang 3 Growingaroundthelake wildflowersofdifferentcolors isB areC hasD have 一個(gè)肯定的主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)否定的主語(yǔ) 同時(shí)并用 謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)往往依肯定的主語(yǔ)而定 You notI aretobepraised I notyou ambeblame 以s結(jié)尾的詞 但表示學(xué)科 國(guó)家 機(jī)構(gòu) 書(shū)籍 報(bào)刊等名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) Mathsisausefulsubject His SelectedPoems firstpublishedin1970 A wasB wereC hadbeenD havebeen 1 ThePhilippines tothesouth eastofChina a liesb liec layd lays2 Mathematics thelanguageofscience isb hasbeenc ared havebeen 由山脈 群島 瀑布 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等s結(jié)尾的專(zhuān)有名詞作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears 表示成雙成套的名詞 如 trousers shorts shoes socks scissors glasses compasses 等做主語(yǔ)時(shí) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) Tom strousersaretoolong Yourglassesareonyournose Thereisapairofshoesunderthebed Thepairsofshoeshavewornout Where myscissors rightonthedesk A are It sB is It sC are TheyareD is Theyare 1 thispairoftrousersfithimwell AreB IsC DoD Does2 Strangelyenough apairofnewtrousers amongtherubbish A werefoundB wasfoundC foundD hadfound Let spractise 1 Acartandahorse inthedistance 2 Acartandhorse inthedistance A wasseenB wereseenC SeeD sees B A 2 Thefactory includingitsmachinesandbuildings burntlastnight A isB areC wereD was3 1 Thestudentsinourschooleach anEnglishdictionary 2 Eachofthestudentsinourschool anEnglishdictionary A arehavingB hadC hasD have D C 4 1 Manystudents thatmistakebefore 2 Manyastudent thatmistakebefore A hadmadeB hasbeenmadeC havemadeD hasmade C D 5 I who yourgoodfriend willshareyourjoysandsorrows A wasB areC isD am6 Allbuthimandme tothecinema A aregoingB isgoingC wasgoingD hasgoing 7 Someperson callingforyouatthegate A willbeB isbeingC isD are8 ThepopulationofChina largerthanthatoftheUSA A willbeB areC isD was9 Deer fasterthandogs A willrunB arerunningC runsD run 10 Everymeans tried butthereisnoresult A havebeenB hasbeenC willbeD were11 Thispairoftrousers mysister Mytrousers A isbelongto isbeingwashedB belo