第二章 兩句的連接方法.doc

第二章 兩句的連接方法一、破折號(hào) He finally made his purpose known to us -to run after Susan. 他終于讓我們知道了他的目的-追求蘇珊 His hobby -taking pictures -is a far cry from mine. 二、冒號(hào) 用來強(qiáng)調(diào)前面句子中的名詞 He has made his goal known：he wants to be a scientist. 他已經(jīng)讓大家知道他的目標(biāo)了；他要當(dāng)科學(xué)家三、分號(hào)He is a man of principle; we all respect him.= He is a man of principle, so we all respect him.He said that he had no money, that he had no friends to count on, and that he expected me to help him.四、連詞 and ， or ， but 用以連接并列的單詞、短語或句子，或稱為并列連詞1.連接單詞 He and I enjoy singing. He is kind and handsome 他仁慈又英俊 He doesnt like her but hates her. 他不是喜歡她而是恨他2. 連接短語 I came to see him and (to) tell him the truth.并列的不定式短語 （我來見他冰告訴他實(shí)情） Does he wok in Taipei or in Kaohsiung. 并列的介詞短語 他在臺(tái)北還是高雄工作？ He is not good at English but poor at it. 并列的形容詞短語做主語補(bǔ)語 （他英文不是很好，而是很差）3. 連接句子 He works hard, and his father is proud of him 并列的主句（他很努力而他父親以他為榮） Did he fail because he was lazy or because he was careless? 并列的副詞從句（他失敗是因?yàn)樗麘卸柽€是因?yàn)樗中模浚┒?、連詞短語1、 both .and. (二者都.) Both Peter and Mary work hard.2、 either .or.（不是.就是。）3、neither.nor (既不是.也不是.)4、not.but. （不是.而是.) He is not kind but cruel（冷酷）.5、not only .bu also.(不僅而且） He is not only a doctor but also a teacher. Not only can she sing, but she can (also) dance（她不僅會(huì)唱歌，她也會(huì)跳舞）6、as well as 與 rather than as well as .以及.rather than .而非.1.單詞 You as well as John like it. 并列的主語 （你和約翰都喜歡它） He is happy rather than sad . 并列的形容詞 （他很快樂，而步傷心）2.短語 He is interested in music rather than in painting. 并列的介詞短語 （他對(duì)音樂有興趣，并非對(duì)繪畫有興趣） He came here to learn English as well as to know more about life. 并列的不定式短語 （他來此學(xué)英語及了解更多有關(guān)生活的事情）3.從句 He failed because he was lazy rather than because he was not intelligent. 并列的副詞從句 他失敗是因?yàn)閼?，并非是因?yàn)樗宦斆鳌?I love her because she is kintelligent as well as because she is considerate. 并列的副詞從句（我愛她因?yàn)樗斆鳎瑺斠驗(yàn)樗w貼）注意：as well as 或 rather than 連接主語時(shí)，該句動(dòng)詞始終要隨第一個(gè)主語做變化He as well as I is interested in music= He no less than I is interested in music.= He together with me is interested in music.= He along with me is interested in music.(他和我都對(duì)音樂有興趣）注意： 由于 as well as 與 no less than 為并列連詞，故后結(jié)主格形式I，以與 He 并列。 而together with 或along with 則為介詞，故后接賓格形式me，以作為with 的賓語。He rather than I is interested in music.=He instead of me is interested in music.=He not I, is interested in musci（他對(duì)音樂感興趣，而我則不）P111注意： 由于rather than 為并列連詞，故之后接主格形式I，以與He 并列。而instead Of 則為介詞，故之后接賓格形式me，以作為of 的賓語。not 也可以視為并列連詞，等于rahter than ，惟使用時(shí)，not 之前應(yīng)加逗點(diǎn)I like this book, not that one.= I like this book rather than that one. 四、連接詞做主語應(yīng)用時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)使用 both .and ./either.or./neither .nor./not.but/not only .but also 等連詞短語時(shí)要注意：1.Both .and 之后，始終接復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞；其余連詞連接主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞則要隨最近的主語做單復(fù)數(shù)變化。Both he and I are happy about it.Either he or I am wrong.Neither you nor he is to blame.Not he but I am to be responsible for it.Not only they but (also) John has passed the exam.Is not only he but also I wrong? Is 和he 距離最近故用Is （不僅是他，而且連我都錯(cuò)了嗎？2.連詞的使用both .and ./neither.nor/not.but.等三組連詞短語通常不用來連接主句，而not only .but also.則可用來連接主語，惟not only 引導(dǎo)的主句要采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。（1）所謂主句就是一開頭就有主語出現(xiàn)的句子，它可單獨(dú)存在，也就是俗稱簡(jiǎn)單句；亦可與副詞從句、形容詞從句并存。 He is good. （Peter is a man 主句） who never lies 形容詞從句 （He 主語） said (that he liked it。名詞從句做賓語） （When he came, 副詞從句 ）, (I was studying.主句）（2）(Both he is good at English 主句）,（ and he is good at math 主句）.(錯(cuò)）- He is good at both English and math.P113 3.not only ., but also 的應(yīng)用規(guī)則not only 是否定副詞的關(guān)系，若置于主句之前，該從句要采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。而but also則為連詞，所連接的第二主句不需要倒裝。（1）be 動(dòng)詞的倒裝 Not only is he clever,but he is polite. (2)助動(dòng)詞的倒裝 Not only can she sing, but she can dance. Not only has he learned a lot from his teacher, but he has done quite well in academic affairs(3)一般動(dòng)詞 Not only does she sing well, but she dances beautifully. Not only do I hate him, but I feel like killing him. 4. not only .but also (中間沒有逗號(hào)） 其中 also 通常可以省略。若不省略，則連接單詞或短語時(shí)but also 不可分開，但連接主句時(shí)， but also 一定要分開，也就是將also 置于主句之后。（1） 連接單詞或短語 She is not only beautiful but (also) kind. 單詞 She is interested not olny in music but also in art.介詞短語（2）連接主句 Not only can she dance, but she can (also) sing.5. not only.but also.= not only .but .as well6. not only .but also五、連詞的獨(dú)立用法and ,or ,but 通常置于兩個(gè)并列的主句之后，以發(fā)揮連詞的功能。 有時(shí)and or ，but 變成大寫，置于單一的主句句首，形成獨(dú)立的用法。惟此類用法必須要有上下文才能存在He was not sure as to how to handle the problem, but I told him not to worry about it until his father came. And he took my advice.(他不能確定如何處理這個(gè)問題，但是我告訴他在他父親來以前別擔(dān)心。而他接受了我的勸告） 第三節(jié) 連接副詞一、連接副詞只能連接從句二、常用的連接副詞because ,though （雖然） ，if（如果），unless （除非），as soon as（一.就.)，when,once（一旦）三、連接副詞引導(dǎo)副詞從句，修飾主句 連接副詞冠于任何一個(gè)從句前面，該從句就成為副詞從句（狀語從句），而副詞從句不可單獨(dú)存在，一定要依賴主句（一開頭就是主語的簡(jiǎn)單句）。整個(gè)副詞從句可視為副詞，用來修飾主句。四、副詞從句的位置連接副詞所引導(dǎo)的從句置于主句之后，兩句間通常不加逗點(diǎn)，但置于主句之前，則通常置逗點(diǎn)。Though he did poorly on the exam, his father didnt blame him= His father didnt blame him though he did poorly on the exam.五、避免雙重連接because 。so(錯(cuò)）though 。but （錯(cuò)）六、條件句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)when ,if , once ,as soon as , unless 等連接副詞所引導(dǎo)的從句，亦可表示一種條件，形成所謂的條件句。若用來表示未來的狀態(tài)時(shí)，該條件句要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)（或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）的時(shí)態(tài)，主句則要用將來時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)。即：If/Once/As soon as /Unless/When +現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(現(xiàn)在時(shí)），主語+will +原形動(dòng)詞When I am rich , I will buy a car.If he has time, he ll come hereAs soon as I have done it , Ill let you know.Once I am free, I will take a trip abroad.How long will it be before he comes?七、連接性副詞有些副詞有連詞意味，確不能用做連詞。此類副詞成為連接性副詞。此類副詞前面要有分號(hào)，用以連接兩句1. however, nevertheless (然而) 有連詞but 的意味He is nice; however, /nevertheless I dont like them.=He is nice ,but I dont like him= He is nice. However,/Nevertheless I dont like him.注意however 之后通常要加逗點(diǎn)，nevertheless 加不加均可。 however 也可以插入句中，兩旁以逗點(diǎn)相隔He is nice; I, however, dont like him.2. therefore, thus