虛擬語氣用法歸納.doc

虛擬語氣用法歸納1、在非真實條件句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。非真實條件有以下三類：（1）與現(xiàn)在事實相反的非真實條件句，謂語動詞形式如下：從句：過去時主句：would/should/could/might+動詞原形。如If I were you, I would ask our teacher for advice.如果我是你的話，我就請教老師。（2）與過去事實相反的非真實條件句，謂語動詞形式如下：從句：過去完成時主句：would/should/could/ might +have+動詞過去分詞。如If I hadnt taken the wrong bus, I wouldnt have missed the contest.如果我沒有搭錯車，我就不會不參加競賽。（3）與將來事實相反的非真實條件句，謂語動詞形式如下：從句：過去時/should /were to +動詞原形主句：would/should/could/might+動詞原形。如If I had enough money next month, I would buy a copy of “The Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English”.如果我下個月有足夠的錢，我就會買一本現(xiàn)代高級英語學(xué)習(xí)詞典。（4）混合時間條件句：主句和從句不一定用指同一時間的動詞。如If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friend.假如我以前學(xué)過法語，現(xiàn)在就能給我們的法國朋友當(dāng)翻譯。（注：if從句與過去事實相反，用過去完成時；而主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用would+動詞原形。）（5）含蓄條件句：有時假設(shè)的條件不通過條件從句來表示而含蓄在介詞短語或上下文中。如：Without the warmth and light of the sun, the earths vegetation would die almost immediately.沒有太陽的熱量和光，地球上的植物幾乎會馬上死去。2、虛擬語氣在某些從句中的應(yīng)用：（1）用于suggest, order, insist, demand等動詞后的賓語從句，如We suggested that they (should)make a trip to Hong Kong next year.我建議他們明年去香港旅游。（2）用于wish后的賓語從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望句型：主語+wish+從句（主語+過去時）I wish I were you.但愿我是你多好呀。How I wish it wasnt raining!現(xiàn)在要是不下雨該多好??！ （我多么希望現(xiàn)在不下雨。）與過去事實相反的愿望句型：主語+wish+從句（主語+過去完成時）I wish I had learned more.我多么希望我以前多學(xué)一些??！He wishes he hadnt made the big mistake.他要是不犯那個大錯誤該多好??！與將來的愿望相反（愿望難以實現(xiàn)）句型：主語+wish+從句（主語+過去將來時）The last chance has been lost. How he wishes he could have another chance.最后一次機會失去了，他多么希望他能再有一次機會?。。?）用于as if (as though)引導(dǎo)的從句在as if (as though)引導(dǎo)的從句中，如果談?wù)摰氖遣豢赡芑虿徽鎸嵉那闆r，它們所引導(dǎo)的表示虛擬性比喻或方式的狀語從句要用虛擬語氣。動詞形式和wish后面的從句中動詞形式變化相同。He speakes English as if he were an Englishman.他說起英語好象他是個英國人似的。They talked about the city as if (though) they had been there before.他們談?wù)撃亲鞘?，就好像他們以前去過那兒似的。He stood up as if (though) he would speak.他站起來好像要發(fā)言似的。注意：當(dāng)as if (though)引導(dǎo)的從句用于動詞seem, appear, look, sound, smell等后面時，as if (though)從句的謂語有時依句意需要，也可用陳述語氣，表示說話者認為有可能是事實的事。試比較：It seems as if she knew me.好像他早就認識我似的。 （事實上他不認識我。）It seems as if she knows me.好像他認識我。 （事實上他認識我的可能性很大。）（4）用于in order that ,so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句。如The professor spoke slowly in reder that the listeners could hear he