高一必修4unit3語言點(diǎn)及語法知識(shí)精解.doc

語言點(diǎn)及語法知識(shí)精解 詞匯1）extraordinary, 1) adj.（形容詞）非凡的，超出一般或平常的，顯著的：a man of extraordinary strength一位力氣驚人的男子an extraordinary achievement.一個(gè)非凡的成就特別的：用于特殊的服務(wù)、功能或場(chǎng)合的：a minister extraordinary； an extraordinary professor.特派部長(zhǎng)；一位特職教授What an extraordinary idea!多么離奇的想法!特別的，臨時(shí)的，額外的an extraordinary session臨時(shí)會(huì)議It is extraordinary that.-是不平常的It was extraordinary that he refused our request.他拒絕了我們的邀請(qǐng)實(shí)在是不尋常。2）charactern.（名詞）1）性質(zhì)，性格， 特色， 身份； a determined character 果斷的性格；in his character as father. 以父親的身份；2) 字The characters in Chinese writing look like small pictures.漢字看起來象是一幅幅小圖畫。a Chinese character一個(gè)漢字3）個(gè)性；特色；（事物的）特性He has a strong but gentle character. the character of the savanna areas 大草原地方的特色 ；他有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)但溫柔的性格。The new buildings have changed the character of the village.新建筑改變了這個(gè)村莊的特點(diǎn)。4）（書、劇中的）人物I find all the characters in his new play very real.我覺得他那出新戲中所有的人物都很真實(shí)。The story has only a few characters.那故事只有幾個(gè)角色。相關(guān)詞組：in character相符的：與某人特性或行為相符的：behavior that was totally in character.與特性完全相符的行為out of character不相符的：與某人特性或行為不相符的：a response so much out of character that it amazed me.回答與其性格如此不符，使我感到吃驚3）setv.（動(dòng)詞）v.tr.（及物動(dòng)詞）set， setting， sets放置：放在指定的地方；放置：set a book on a table.在桌上放一本書使處于某種狀態(tài)：set the prisoner at liberty.給犯人自由使牢固：放入穩(wěn)定的位置：set the fence post into a bed of concrete.將籬笆樁置于水泥床上set a broken arm.接合斷臂set the sails.揚(yáng)帆set an alarm clock.上鬧鐘安排：適當(dāng)布置以備用：set a place for a dinner guest; set a table.為宴會(huì)客人安排地方；放置桌子以為背景：確定一幕劇的情節(jié)展開的特定地點(diǎn)：a play that is set in Venice.以威尼斯為背景的劇創(chuàng)立：set a world record.創(chuàng)世界紀(jì)錄樹立榜樣：A parent must set a good example for the children.父母必須為孩子樹立好榜樣有準(zhǔn)備的：We are set to leave early tomorrow morning.我們準(zhǔn)備明早離開相關(guān)詞組：set about開始：開始或出發(fā)：set about solving the problem.著手解決問題set down坐：使坐；坐下：Set the baby down here.讓小孩坐這兒記錄：寫下；記錄：We set down the facts.我們記下事實(shí)認(rèn)為；看作：Just set him down as a sneak.當(dāng)他是個(gè)陰險(xiǎn)的人把歸于：由引起；把歸于：Lets set the error down to inexperience.讓我們把錯(cuò)誤歸于沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)著陸：（飛機(jī)）著陸：The pilot set the plane down hard.飛行員艱難地使飛機(jī)著陸set forth提出：提出想法；建議：set forth a sound plan.提出一個(gè)合理的計(jì)劃表達(dá)：用語言表達(dá)：She has set forth her ideas.她已經(jīng)表達(dá)出了想法set off發(fā)生：引起；導(dǎo)致發(fā)生：set off a chemical reaction.發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)爆炸：引起爆炸：set off a bomb.炸彈爆炸開始旅程：set off for Europe.開始?xì)W洲之旅set out著手：開始一個(gè)熱切的計(jì)劃；著手：He set out to understand why the plan had failed.他開始明白為什么計(jì)劃失敗了種：set out seedlings.種小樹開始旅程：She set out at dawn for town.她日出時(shí)出發(fā)去鎮(zhèn)上set up建立：set up a charity.建立一家慈善機(jī)構(gòu)set fire to縱火：點(diǎn)燃或使燃燒set (ones) heart on決心做某事n.（名詞）一套：一組互屬并成套使用的同類物品：a chess set.一套國際象棋4）reason n.（名詞）.原因；理由；動(dòng)機(jī)The reason she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.她生病的原因是她吃了變質(zhì)的肉。The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle.其原因是,這架飛機(jī)又是一輛自行車。理性；理智；道理；判斷力Theres a great deal of reason in his advice.他的忠告極有道理。There are reasons for this great interest in the ideas, feelings, and actions of youth.對(duì)年青人的思想、感情和行動(dòng)發(fā)生這樣巨大的興趣,自有它的道理。it stands to reason合乎道理listen to reason服從道理with reason有理由；合乎情理He thinks, with reason, that I dont like him.他有理由認(rèn)為我不喜歡他。vi., vt.推理；推究to reason clearly推理清楚（與into, out of連用）勸說to reason a person out of fear勸人別害怕（與with連用）與爭(zhēng)辯5）via, prep.（介詞）經(jīng)由，途經(jīng)to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin由北京經(jīng)由天津去上海通過；憑藉I sent a message to Mary via her brother.我托瑪麗的兄弟把信帶給她。6）deliver, v.tr.（及物動(dòng)詞）遞送：帶到或運(yùn)送到適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤交蚪邮苷?；分送：deliver groceries; deliver the mail.運(yùn)送食品；投遞郵件交付：把（某人或某物）交給他人；移交：delivered the criminal to the police.把罪犯交給警察的工人To throw or hurl:擲，猛投：The pitcher delivered the ball.投手猛一投球陳述，發(fā)言：用言辭表達(dá)；發(fā)表，講：deliver a lecture.發(fā)表演講分娩：She delivered a baby boy this morning.今天早晨她生了個(gè)小男孩使分娩：給（產(chǎn)婦）接生：The doctor delivered her of twins.這個(gè)醫(yī)生為她接生了一對(duì)雙胞胎放出，制造；生產(chǎn)：The oil well delivered only 50 barrels a day.這口油井每天只產(chǎn)原油五十桶7）impress, （常與with連用）使（人）印象深刻；使銘記常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不用進(jìn)行式，常與on連用）使印象深刻The book impressed a lot of people. 這本書在很多人心中留下深刻印象。I was deeply impressed by (at, with) his speech. 他的演講給我留下深刻印象 Impress +n.+ on(upon) + n. (person) =impress +n.(person)+with I impressed on him the importance of his work.=I impressed him with the importance of his work.我使他注意他的工作的重要性。（常與on連用）蓋（?。簧w（?。┯趇mpress wax with a seal把印蓋在火漆上8） announce宣布，宣告：使公開地知道To proclaim the presence or arrival of:宣布的出席，宣布的到來：announce a caller.宣布來訪者To provide an indication of beforehand; foretell:預(yù)示：事先提供暗示；預(yù)示：The invention of the microchip announced a new generation of computers.微晶片的發(fā)明預(yù)示了新一代的計(jì)算機(jī)To serve as an announcer for:當(dāng)?shù)牟ヒ魡T：announce a football game on TV.在電視上給一場(chǎng)足球賽作播音r.（不及物動(dòng)詞）To declare ones candidacy:宣布競(jìng)選：宣布某人的候選人身份：Presidential candidates announce two years in advance of the elections.在總統(tǒng)選舉前兩年宣布競(jìng)選者To serve as an announcer.作播音員9）force n.n.（名詞）力，力量the force of the explosion爆炸力You must use force to open that bottle.你必須用力打開那個(gè)瓶子。The porter had to force the window open every morning.每天早晨門房只好用力硬把窗戶打開。New emerging forces are invincible.新生力量是不可戰(zhàn)勝的。暴力The thief took the money from the old man by force.小偷用暴力奪走了老人的錢。物力the force of gravity地心引力The force of gravity makes things fall to earth.地心引力使物體落向地面。威力；勢(shì)力the forces of evil邪惡勢(shì)力the forces of nature自然力說服力force of example榜樣的力量There is force in what he said.他的話有說服力。部隊(duì)；兵力the police force警察部隊(duì)(pl) 三軍武裝力量The air force is one of the armed forces.空軍是武裝部隊(duì)的一種。in force大批地The police were there in force.大批警察駐守在那兒。in force生效；在施行中 (= into force)join forces (with)聯(lián)合；合作v.tr.（及物動(dòng)詞）forced， forcing， forces強(qiáng)迫：通過壓力或需迫使：I forced myself to practice daily. He was forced to take a second job.我強(qiáng)迫自己每天練習(xí)。他被迫要找第二份工作強(qiáng)行，硬：反對(duì)抵制或慣性地運(yùn)動(dòng)或影響：forced my foot into the shoe.將腳硬塞入鞋中強(qiáng)加：無情地折磨或強(qiáng)加：He forced his ideas upon the group.他把自己的意見強(qiáng)加給別人To put undue strain on:施加過分的壓力：She forced her voice despite being hoarse.盡管嗓子已啞，她仍使勁提高嗓音force (someones) hand迫使倉促行動(dòng)：迫使某人在條件未成熟或不情愿的情況下行動(dòng)或發(fā)言in force大批：大批的；大量的：有效的；操作性的Demonstrators were out in force.大批示威者上街a rule that is no longer in force.不再有效的規(guī)則force， oblige， Force 最為普遍，通常指力量的使用，尤其是體力上，或指不允許任何替代屈從的環(huán)境的進(jìn)行：Tear gas forced the fugitives out of their hiding place. 催淚彈氣體將逃犯從藏身之處嗆了出來。Lack of funds will eventually force him to look for work. 資金缺乏最終將會(huì)迫使他找工作。Oblige 適用于出于權(quán)力、需要、道德或倫理的考慮而被迫屈從：“Work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do” (Mark Twain). “無論什么樣的工作都必須 要做” （馬克吐溫）。10）guiden.（名詞）領(lǐng)路人，導(dǎo)師，導(dǎo)游，向?qū)o serve as a guide.監(jiān)督的訓(xùn)練或教育：作為向?qū)е改蟖 shoppers guide.，購物指南A guidebook. 指南，手冊(cè)v.（動(dòng)詞）guided， guiding， guidesv.tr.（及物動(dòng)詞）帶領(lǐng)，為做向?qū)В?They guided us to the office.他們帶領(lǐng)我們到了辦公室。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；指導(dǎo)，影響；支配；操縱Be guided by your feeling.按你的感覺行事。引導(dǎo)，指引guided me to my seat; 帶我到我的座位上去；guide a ship through a channel.引領(lǐng)輪船通過海峽r.（不及物動(dòng)詞）guide, conduct, lead, steer作為動(dòng)詞在一起比較的一般含義是“領(lǐng)”、“導(dǎo)”或“引”。guide(抽象名詞guidance，具體名詞guide“向?qū)А?是通用詞，可以用于“為別人帶路”、“指導(dǎo)別人的學(xué)習(xí)、品行修養(yǎng)”，它的內(nèi)涵是避免走彎路或遇到危險(xiǎn)Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world.數(shù)千只燈籠慢慢向大海漂去，給死人返回陰間指明道路。At the top of the bank my guide paused and looked back at me.我的向?qū)г诤影渡仙酝Ａ艘幌?，并且回頭看了看我。He is now studying under the guidance of Professor Green.他現(xiàn)在正在格林教授的指導(dǎo)下學(xué)習(xí)。而conduct(抽象名詞conductance“傳導(dǎo)力”，具體名詞conductor“向?qū)д摺?，公共汽車等的“售票員”)在表示“指導(dǎo)”、“引導(dǎo)”時(shí)含有明顯的主從關(guān)系，即被引導(dǎo)者不服從是不可以的The policeman eventually had his hands tied up and conducted him to a shelter.警察最后把他的雙手綁了起來并把他帶到一個(gè)防空洞。Do you prefer conducted tours or independent travel?你是喜歡跟著導(dǎo)游還是喜歡獨(dú)立地去旅行？lead(抽象名詞leadership“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”，具體名詞leader“領(lǐng)袖”、“領(lǐng)隊(duì)”)可以表示“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”、“帶路”，但它總含有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者走在前面，而把被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者控制在自己的權(quán)威之下，或被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者處于秩序井然的狀態(tài)中的意思Our guide led us through a series of caves.我們的向?qū)ьI(lǐng)著我們穿過一個(gè)接一個(gè)的洞穴。steer(抽象名詞steerage“操縱”，具體名詞steersman“舵手”)一般表示“駕駛”、“掌舵”，但常用于比喻，詞義引伸后有“操縱”、“指導(dǎo)”的意思。尤其適用于表示“指導(dǎo)著度過難關(guān)”的意義The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her.卡蒂薩克號(hào)向兩側(cè)搖晃著，駕駛這只船是不可能的了。Soon the country will be steered to peace and prosperity.這個(gè)國家很快便會(huì)被帶入和平與繁榮之境。詞組：1）pass on 傳遞；前進(jìn)，傳下來；傳給（后代），離去；往前Let us now pass on to the next subject.現(xiàn)在讓我們看看下一個(gè)題目。2） put forward 提出：提議以供考慮：put forward a new plan.提出一個(gè)新計(jì)劃3）come across 偶然遇到或找到：came across my old college roommate in town today.今天在鎮(zhèn)上遇到我大學(xué)的老同學(xué)給予印象：“He comes across as a very sincere, religious individual”(William L. Clay)“他給人的印象是一個(gè)很虔誠的、篤實(shí)的人”(威廉L.克萊)4）not only .but also一、主要用法：1、連接主語： Not only I but also Tom and Mary are found of watching television. 不僅我，而且湯姆和瑪麗都喜歡看電視。 由于not only A but also B 句式的重點(diǎn)在B上，所以謂語動(dòng)詞一般要與B保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。2、連接謂語： The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. 英國人和美國人不但語言相同，而且有很多相同的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。 注意not onlybut also連接的動(dòng)詞一般不重復(fù)，這與漢語不同。如漢語說“我不僅懂英語，而且懂俄語”，英語則說“I know not only English but also Russian”，而不說“I not only know English but also know Russian”.再如：“氣體不僅改變形狀，而且改變體積”，英譯為“A gas changes not only in shape but also in volume.”（注意介詞常重復(fù)）3、連接賓語： The problem for the recipient was trying to guess not only who the sender was, but also what his secret feelings might be. 收信人不僅要盡力猜出是誰的，還要猜測(cè)寄信人的內(nèi)心有什么想法。4、連接表語： Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also) an actor. 莎士比亞不僅是一位劇作家，而且是一位演員。5、連接賓語補(bǔ)足語： Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active. 淺色和鮮艷的顏色不但使人看了高興，也會(huì)使人更加活潑。6、連接狀語： If your friend reminds you kindly of your faults, take what he says not merely pleasantly but thankfully. 如果你的朋友善意的指明你的缺點(diǎn)，你不但要欣然接受，而且要心懷感激之情。7、連接從句： He didnt let us off the book until we had proved not only that we know what an organism was bur also that we had the fortitude to stand up for the truth. 直到我們證明了我們不僅知道什么是生物體，而且具有堅(jiān)持真理的不屈不撓的精神時(shí)，他這才放過我們。8、連接定語： Man has become master not only of the sky but also of the space. 人類不僅征服了太空，而且征服了太空。9、連接句子I not only heard it, but (also) I saw it. 我不僅聽到、而且看到了它。Not onlybut also連接句子時(shí)，not only可以置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，這是第一分句要采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Not only has he a first-class brain but also he is a tremendously hard worker. 它不僅有著頭等的頭腦，而且工作很能吃苦。Not only had the poor man been arrested but he had been sent to prison as well. 這個(gè)可憐人不僅被逮捕，而且被投進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs too. 對(duì)這件事不僅教授們有自己的看法，學(xué)生們也有自己的想法。10、用于it isthat強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)： It is not only the scientist and the physician who need a long special training now, but the computer expert, the accountant, and the business manager. 現(xiàn)在，不僅科學(xué)家和醫(yī)生需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)期的專門訓(xùn)練，計(jì)算機(jī)專家、會(huì)計(jì)師和企業(yè)經(jīng)理也需要這種訓(xùn)練。二、not onlybut的省略及其變體1、not onlybut also中的also可以省略。有人認(rèn)為該句型所連接的第二部分最高級(jí)形容詞或它所表示的范圍、程度、影響等超過第一部分時(shí)，常將also省略。例如：He was not only a successful writer but (also) the greatest poet of his time. 它不僅是一位成功的作家，而且還是他那個(gè)時(shí)代最偉大的詩人。Not only do they suffer less pain than most women in labor, but the town boasts an unusually low rate of infant mortality. 這不僅使她們比大多數(shù)的婦女受痛苦，而且是城市嬰兒死亡率大大降低。2、not onlybut also句型一般只可以省略also，但在連接句子時(shí)，有時(shí)也可見到省略but甚至but also的情形。例如：Not only was I tired, I was also cold. 我不光困倦，還感到很冷。（省去了but）Since moisture is needed for rain, dry air in the morning not only allows the spider to get an early start, is also means a dry day. 有了濕度才會(huì)下雨，因此，早晨空氣干燥不僅使蜘蛛早點(diǎn)開始結(jié)網(wǎng)，而且意味著這一天不會(huì)下雨。(省去了but)Not only has she been an excellent wife, she has been a better husband than Ill never be. 她不僅是一個(gè)極其出色的妻子，而且是一個(gè)我永遠(yuǎn)也做不到的好丈夫。(省去了but also)3、not onlybut also的形式比較固定，但也會(huì)出現(xiàn)but與also被分開的情形。例如：Not only the mother but the children are also sick. Not only is his right lung affected but his left lung is also. 4、not only A but also B的替代式常見的還有not only a but B as well, not only A but B too, not merely A but also B, not just A but also B, notalone. .but等。例如：In jurisprudence it is a well-known principle that justice should not merely be done but should also be seen to be done. 在法理學(xué)方面，人所共知的原則是：對(duì)受害者不僅應(yīng)該公正對(duì)待，而且應(yīng)當(dāng)讓人們看到他得到了公正的對(duì)待。Not poets alone, nor artists, nor that superior order of mind which arrogates to itself all refinement, feel this, but dogs and all men. 不僅使人，藝術(shù)家以及那些自命不凡、思想杰出的人覺得如此，連狗和普通人也有同感。三、其他注意事項(xiàng)：1、“not only A but also B”結(jié)構(gòu)中的A和B通常是同等成分。由于同一成分常常由同一詞類的詞來擔(dān)任，所以A 與B 常常也是同一詞性，但是，也有A與B屬于不同詞性的情形。例如：“He is not only very clever, but also a very hard worker, and he likes to do everything well.”（他不但聰明，而且能下功夫。他喜歡把每件事都做得很好。）其中A是形容詞，B是名詞，但兩者均在句中作表語，因此仍是正確的句子。然而，在“He not only plays the piano, but also the violin.”一句中，A是動(dòng)詞，B是名詞，不是同一成分，因此語法學(xué)家認(rèn)為此句有點(diǎn)欠妥，至少在書面語中就是如此。如改為“He plays not only the piano, but also the violin.”就無懈可擊了，再看下面的例子：The surprise grant not only enabled Dad to finish A&T, but to graduate first in his class. 這筆意外的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金不僅是我的父親能讀完農(nóng)業(yè)和技術(shù)學(xué)院，而且畢業(yè)成績(jī)名列榜首。2、有人認(rèn)為，not onlybut also 不能用于否定句。漢語中用于否定句中的“不但而且”在英語中要用as well as表示。如“不但我不想看戲，而且他也不想看戲”可譯作“He, as well as I, doesnt want to see the play. ”不過，這條規(guī)則也有例外，請(qǐng)看下面的例子:Not only dont I know the population of Nepal, I dont know where in gods world it is! 我不但不知道尼泊爾人口，而且連它究竟在哪里也不知道！這個(gè)例句有幾個(gè)共同點(diǎn)：都是連接否定分句，都是倒裝句，都沒有用but also。下面一例出自一位美國作家之手，所不同的是not onlybut連接的是并列謂語，第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞是不定的，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞則是肯定的：Nonetheless, as he described Marys attitudes her accomplishments, he found himself wishing that she cared more about the police side of his life than she seemed to, that she might understand it as intimately, say, as the woman opposite him. But this motion seemed to him so disloyal to Mary that he not only did not articulate it, but at once tried to suppress it. Notes1 Upon reaching the top of the mountain, a feeling of happiness and a sense of achievement will be experienced. The preposition upon here means at or immediately after the time or occasion of. The preposition on can also be used to express the same meaning. Upon/On his arrival in Paris, the famous film star was recognized and surrounded by his fans. Upon/On hearing of the death of his parents, he cried for hours. 2 Special gloves are also worn so that people and objects in the film can be touched.Here so that means with the aim that, which is used to introduce a clause showing a purpose. She worked hard so that everything would be ready by 6 oclock. So that can also mean with the result that, which is used to introduce a clauseshowing a result. Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he had left.3 To add to the virtual world of RealCine, smells are given out through small openings in the headsets. Here add to means to increase.The West Lake adds to the beauty of the city of Hangzhou. This phrase can also be used like add .to. If you add twelve to eighty-five, you get ninety-seven.4 In scientific studies it has been shown that VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world and make them work harder to make their dreams come true. Here it refers to the subject clause that VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world and . When the subject is a clause, an empty subject it is often used, and the order of the sentence is normally changed.Compare each pair of sentences as follows: What she looks like doesnt matter. It doesnt matter what she looks like. That income tax should be abolished has actually been suggested. It has actually been suggested that income tax should be abolished. 5 An argument has been put forward that some viewers will be disappointed by RealCine because VR is not real.Here that is used to introduce an appositive clause some viewers will bedisappointed by RealCine because VR is not real. This clause refers to an argument and that cannot be omitted. Your belief that things will improve is too optimistic. Your suggestion that we should pay more attention to our table manners is a good one. 語法點(diǎn)津Passive Voice英文動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語態(tài) Active Voice 和被動(dòng)語態(tài) Passive Voice 之分。如果主語是動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的發(fā)出者，動(dòng)詞就用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；如果主語是動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的承受者，動(dòng)詞就用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如： 1. John encouraged Mary.約翰鼓勵(lì)瑪莉。 2. Mary was encouraged by John.瑪莉受到約翰鼓勵(lì)。 第一句的動(dòng)詞 encouraged 是主動(dòng)語態(tài)；第二句的動(dòng)詞 was encouraged是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本形態(tài)是： 助動(dòng)詞BE + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(-ed分詞)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)通常有六種時(shí)、體形式：即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行體、過去進(jìn)行體、現(xiàn)在完成體和過去完成體。1Simple Present Tense主動(dòng)語態(tài)： I teach him.被動(dòng)語態(tài)： He is taught by me.2 Simple Past Tense主動(dòng)語態(tài)： I taught him yesterday.被動(dòng)語態(tài)： He was taught by me yesterday.3Present Continuous Tense主動(dòng)語態(tài)： I am teaching him.被動(dòng)語態(tài)： He is being taught by me.4Past Continuous Tense主動(dòng)語態(tài)： I was teaching him when you came. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)： He was being taught by me when you came.5 Present Perfect Tense主動(dòng)語態(tài)： I have taught him. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)： He has been taught by me.6 Past Perfect Tense主動(dòng)語態(tài)： I had taught him before you came.被動(dòng)語態(tài)： He had been taught by me before you came.一般將來時(shí) Simple Future Tense 也常常有這種被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式主動(dòng)語態(tài)： I shall teach him tomorrow. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)： He will be taught by me tomorrow.動(dòng)詞由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的步驟：1. 先找出謂語動(dòng)詞；2. 再找出謂語動(dòng)詞后的賓語；3. 把賓語用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語；4. 注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。例：1.Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week.2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.3. He has written two novels so far.Two novels have been written by him so far.4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.5. Lucy is writing a letter now.A letter is being written by Lucy now.6. You must lock the door when you leave.the door must be locked when you leave.三、 使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：1. 不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。What will happen in 100 years.The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2. 有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。This pen writes well.This new book sells well.3. 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語態(tài)中不帶to ，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to 。例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy