初中英語語法4數(shù)詞.doc

數(shù)詞 一、本周內(nèi)容概述 表示數(shù)目和順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞可分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩類。二、重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納及講解 （一）基數(shù)詞 基數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)目，或者說表示數(shù)量的詞叫基數(shù)詞。最基本的基數(shù)詞如下表所示。 1 one 11 eleven 100 a hundred 2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 1000 a thousand 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 1，000，000 a million 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 10，000，000 ten million 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 100，000，000 a hundred million 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 1，000，000，000 a billion 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 說明： 11319是由個(gè)位數(shù)加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。注意其中13、15的拼寫是thirteen和fifteen。 22090由個(gè)位數(shù)加后綴-ty構(gòu)成，注意其中2050的拼寫分別是twenty, thirty, forty 和fifty;80的拼寫是eighty。 3其它非整十的兩位數(shù)2199是由整十位數(shù)加連字符“-”，再加個(gè)位數(shù)構(gòu)成。如： 81 eighty-one。 4101999的基數(shù)詞先寫百位數(shù)，后加and再寫十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)。如： 691 six hundred and ninety-one。 51000以上的基數(shù)詞先寫千位數(shù)，后寫百位數(shù)，再加and，最后寫十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)。 如：5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。 在基數(shù)詞中只有表示“百”、“千”的單位詞，沒有單獨(dú)表示“萬”、“億”的單位詞，而是用thousand（千）和million（百萬）來表達(dá)，其換算關(guān)系為：1萬=10 thousand;1億=100 million; 10億=a thousand million=a billion。 7多位數(shù)的讀法： 1）1000以上的多位數(shù)，要使用計(jì)數(shù)間隔或逗號(hào)“，”。即從個(gè)位起，每隔三位加一個(gè)間隔或逗號(hào)。第一個(gè)間隔或逗號(hào)前是thousand（千），第二個(gè)間隔或逗號(hào)前是million（百萬），第三個(gè)間隔或逗號(hào)前是a thousand million或a billion(十億)。 2）每隔三位分段以后就都成了101999。讀的時(shí)候十位數(shù)（或個(gè)位數(shù)）的前面一般要加and。如： 888，000，000讀作：eight hundred and eighty-eight million。 （二）、基數(shù)詞的用法 1基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示大量的 的數(shù)目。 在這種情況下，表示單位的基數(shù)詞(hundred, thousand, million, billion)不能在詞尾加-s。 例如： two hundred students 二百個(gè)學(xué)生 five thousand years 五千年 2基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示大量的 的數(shù)目，在這種情況下，表示單位的基數(shù)詞詞尾加-s，要與of短語連用。 3基數(shù)詞在句中的作用 基數(shù)詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞，它在句子中可充當(dāng)主語，賓語，表語和定語。 例如： Three and five is eight. 3+5=8 主語 表語 How many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子？ I want eight. 我要八個(gè)。 賓語 There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有八條小船。 定語 （三）序數(shù)詞 表示順序的詞，叫序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)詞順序。除特殊情況外，序數(shù)詞一般都由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加后綴-th構(gòu)成。 請(qǐng)見下表： 第一到第十 第十一到第十九 第二十以上 first eleventh twentieth second twelfth thirtieth third thirteenth fortieth fourth fourteenth fiftieth fifth fifteenth sixtieth sixth sixteenth seventieth seventh seventeenth eightieth eighth eighteenth ninetieth ninth nineteenth hundredth tenth thousandth 說明： 1英語中表示第一、第二、第三的序數(shù)詞屬特殊形式，要注意它們的拼寫。 2表示“幾十”的序數(shù)詞通常是將基數(shù)詞詞尾y變成i再加上后綴-eth。 3其余的二位數(shù)序數(shù)詞是以相應(yīng)的整十基數(shù)詞加個(gè)位序數(shù)詞。如：fifty-first（第五十一）。 4少數(shù)序數(shù)詞拼法不規(guī)則，如：fifth（第五），eighth（第八），ninth（第九），twelfth（第十二）等。 注意： 1序數(shù)詞可縮寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞最后兩個(gè)字母。 例如： 第一：(the) first=1 st 第二：(the) second=2 nd 第三：(the) third=3 rd 第五：(the) fifth=5th第九十七：(the) ninety-seventh=97 th 第一百零一：(the) one hundred (and)first=101st2編了號(hào)的事物要用基數(shù)詞表示順序，但是基數(shù)詞要后置。 例如： 第一課：Lesson One 第三十二頁：Page 32 第305房間：Room 305 第12路公共汽車：Bus No.12 五、序數(shù)詞的用法 序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞一樣，也能起名詞或形容詞作用，在句子中作主語、表語、賓語和定語。 例如： The first is bigger than the second. 第一個(gè)比第二個(gè)大。 主語 Give me the first. 把第一個(gè)給我。 賓語 Shes often the first to go to school. 她經(jīng)常第一個(gè)去上學(xué)。 表語 Were going to learn the eighth lesson. 我們將要學(xué)習(xí)第八課。 定語 六、年、月、日和時(shí)間的表達(dá)法 1年份用基數(shù)詞表達(dá)，分兩位一讀，年份前用介詞in。 例如： 1999 nineteen ninety-nine 2000 two thousand 2001 two thousand and one 2月份的第一個(gè)字母要大寫，有些月份名稱有縮寫形式。 例如： 一月January(Jan.), 二月February(Feb.), 三月March(Mar.), 四月April（Apr.）,五月May, 六月June, 七月July, 八月August(Aug.)，九月September(Sep.), 十月October(Oct.), 十一月November(Nov.), 十二月December(Dec.)。 3日期的表達(dá)要用序數(shù)詞，讀時(shí)前面要加定冠詞the,介詞要使用on。 例如： 在6月1日：on June 1 st 讀作：on June the first. 年、月、日同時(shí)表達(dá)時(shí)，一般應(yīng)先寫月、日、后寫年。 例如： 在2001年5月4日：on May 4 th, 2001。 4年代用基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)表示。 例如： 20世紀(jì)90年代：nineteen nineties 21世紀(jì)20年代：twenty twenties 5時(shí)間表達(dá)法：時(shí)間可用順讀法或倒讀法兩種方式表達(dá)。 例如： 順讀法 倒讀法 5：00 five (oclock) 6：18 six eighteen, eighteen past six 12：15 twelve fifteen, fifteen (a quarter) past twelve 4：30 four thirty, half past four 5：50 five fifty ,ten to six 6：45 six forty-five a quarter to seven 注意： 1）表示整點(diǎn)時(shí)間，直接用基數(shù)詞表達(dá)，后邊可接oclock (也可不加)。表達(dá)“幾點(diǎn)幾分”時(shí)，絕不能用oclock。 2）表達(dá)“15分”或“45分”時(shí)，常用quarter（刻）。 3）在倒讀法中，如果鐘點(diǎn)不過半，須用“分鐘數(shù)+past+鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)”的形式；如果鐘點(diǎn)過半，則用“差多少分鐘數(shù)+to+全鐘點(diǎn)（下個(gè)鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)）”的形式。 例如： 8:20 twenty past eight 8:40 twenty to nine 6分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法 1）分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。分子大于1時(shí)，分母用復(fù)數(shù)。 2）小數(shù)的讀法：小數(shù)點(diǎn)前面的數(shù)按照基數(shù)詞的讀法，小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面的數(shù)按照數(shù)本身讀，小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀point。 例如： 0.38 zero point three eight 96.89 ninety-six point eight nine 3)百分?jǐn)?shù)，在數(shù)詞后加percent。 例如： 15%讀作：fifteen percent 60%讀作：sixty percent 7表示語數(shù) 1）幾倍大小（長(zhǎng)短，數(shù)量）=幾倍（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+the size(length, amount)。 例如： The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。 2）比幾倍=倍數(shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+形容詞（副詞）比較級(jí)+than+被比部分。 例如： His house is three times bigger than mine. 他的房子比我的房子大三倍。 3）是倍=倍數(shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+as +形容詞+as +被比部分。 例如： This factory is four times as big as that one. 這個(gè)工廠是那個(gè)工廠的四倍。 8表示約數(shù) 1）“多于”用more than或over。 例如： The street is over(more than) 500 metres long. 這條街有500多米長(zhǎng)。 2）“小于”用less than。 例如： Three are less than 30 people in the classroom. 教室里不到三十人。 3）“或以上”用or more。 例如： The building can hold 5000 people or more. 那座建筑物可容納5000人或5000人以上。 4）“或以下”用or less。 例如： We can finish the work in two weeks or less. 我們可以在兩周內(nèi)或不到兩周完成這件工作。 5）“大約”用about, around, nearly等。 例如： The box weighs about 50 pounds. 這箱子重約50鎊。6）“左右”用or so. 例如： In the past ten years or so, they have changed a lot. 在過去的十年里，他們改變了許多。 三、隨堂監(jiān)測(cè)A組 I. 寫出下列基數(shù)詞相應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞： 1. one _ 2. two _ 3. three _ 4. five _ 5. eight _ 6. nine _ 7. twelve _ 8. twenty _ 9. thirty-one _ 10. forty-four _ 11. fifty-seven _ II. 把下列短語譯成英語： 1. 第12課 _ 2. 304號(hào)房間 _ 3. 半小時(shí) _ 4. 每日三次 _ 5. 第25頁 _ 6. 20世紀(jì)90年代 _ 7. 4路公共汽車 _ 8. 第15中學(xué) _ 9. 21世紀(jì) _ 10. 兩噸半 _ 11. 差一刻三點(diǎn) _ 12. 第二冊(cè) _ 13. 在他五十幾歲時(shí) _ 14. 二年級(jí)八班 _ 15. 10:45 _ 16. 第十五單元 _ 17. 第三冊(cè)第十三課 _ 18. 三分之一 _ 19. 三百英鎊 _ 20. 1994年3月22日 _ 四、隨堂監(jiān)測(cè)B組 III. 選擇填空： 1. 333 reads _. A. three hundred and thirty three B. three hundreds and thirty-three C. three hundred and thirty-three D. three hundred thirty-three 2. The _ month of the year is February. A. one B. first C. two D. second 3. The beautiful skirts are on show in the shop, Jane likes _. A. the ninth B. the nineth C. nine D. ninth 4. It took me _ to finish my homework. A. a half and two hour B. two hour and a half C. two and a half hour D. two and a half hours 5. December is the _ month of the year. A. twelve B. twelveth C. twelvieth D. twelfth 6. Tom bought _ for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes 7. There are _ seconds in a minute. A. fourty B. forty C. sixteen D. sixty 8. Lin Tao gets up at _ in the morning. A. half past six B. six past half C. past half six D. half six past 9. December _ is Christmas. A. twenty-five B. the twenty-fifth C. the twentieth-five D. twentieth-fifth 10. There are _ stars in the universe. A. millions B. million of C. millions of D. million 11. Monday is the _ day of the week. A. two B. second C. three D. third 12. Mr. Black left here _ ago. A. half a hour B. half an hour C. an half hour D. a half hours 13. There are _ students in their school. A. nine hundred B. nine hundreds C. nine hundred of D. nine hundreds of 14. There are _ words in the text of the _ Lesson. A. hundred of, Fifth B. a hundred of, Fiveth C. hundreds of, Fifth D. hundreds of, Fiveth 15. We had learned about _ English words by the end of last term. A. nine hundreds and forty-five B. nine hundreds of and forty-five C. nine hundred and forty-five D. nine hundred and fourty-five IV. 中考題集： 1. About _ people are in the Peoples Park at weekends. A. two hundreds B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. hundred of 2. The water behind the Three Gorges Dam (三峽大壩) should be _higher than downstream (下游). A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters 3. In our school several _ students are able to search the Internet for useful information now. A. hundred of B. hundreds for C. hundred D. hundreds 4. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. this year my father is twice my age. How old am I? A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 24 5. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _. A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949 C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 1922 6. Look at the menu: SNACKSHamburger $ 2.60 Orange juice $1.20 Hot dog $2.15 Coffee $1.00 Ice cream $2.00 Coke regular $0.75 Popcorn $1.00 large $1.00 Jeff wants to buy a hamburger, a large coke and ice cream. How much will he pay? A. Five dollars and sixty cents. B. Five dollars and thirty-five cents. C. Three dollars and sixty cents. D. Two dollars. 7. - How many workers are there in your factory? - There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of 8. The film star is going to spend _ dollars on a new dress for the coming party. A. three thousands B. thousands of C. thousand of D. three thousands of 9. There are _ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital. A. thousand B. two thousand C. two thousands D. two thousands of 10. - How many teachers are there in your school? - _, but Im not sure. A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred 11. I think _ lesson is the most difficult in this book. A. five B. fifth C. the fifth D. fifteen 1. _ travelers come to visit our city every year. A. Hundred of B. Hundreds of C. Five hundreds D. Hundred 2. The Games of _ Olympiad in 2008 will be held in the city of Beijing. A. 29 B. the 29 C. 29th D. the 29th3. Fan Zhiyis transfer to Dundee Football Club at the end of last year aroused _ Chinese peoples interest. A. thousand of B. thousand C. thousands of D. thousands 4. About _ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival. A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. two hundreds 5. - Do you have enough men to carry these chairs? - No. I think we need _ men. A. another B. two others C. more two D. two more 6. - Can you write the number eight five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six? - Yes, it is _. A. 85662 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 58626 7. Therere _ students in our grade. A. hundreds of B. three hundreds of C. three hundreds D. three hundreds 8. _ of the workers in this factory is about two hundred, _ of them are women workers. A. The number, first third B. The number, one third C. A number, half D. A number, three quarters 9. _ Germans come to visit China every year. A. Thousands of B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand 1、寫出以下數(shù)字的序數(shù)詞 一，二，三，五，九，十二，20，34 2、寫出一十二月份： 3、選擇填空： 1.Could you tell us how to read the number 18,306,211? A.eighteen million, three hundred and six thousands, two hundred eleven B.eighteen million, three hundred and six thousand, two hundred and eleven C.eighteen millions, three hundred six thousands, two hundreds and eleven D.eighteen thousand, three hundred and six, two hundred eleven 2.Shakespeare was born in _A.1660s B.1660sC.the 1660s D.the 1660s 3.Bill said they were going