江蘇省贛榆縣門(mén)河中學(xué)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè) Unit 3 Online tours現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解習(xí)題（無(wú)答案）（新版）牛津版.doc

unit 3 online tours一 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ) + have/has + 過(guò)去分詞 (過(guò)去分詞:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式相同;不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞需要特殊記憶。)( )1.i enghish in this school since 1999(a)taught (b)have taught (c)tea (d)would teach( )2.kate her grand mothers photo before(a)havent seen (b)have seen (c)see (d)hasnt seen( )3. mary you these days.(a)has,seen (b)do,see (c)did,see (d)is,seeing( )4.so far ,we thousands of building in quanzhou(a)build (b)have build (c)build (d)will build二、否定式:主語(yǔ) + havent/hasnt + 過(guò)去分詞。疑問(wèn)式: have /has + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞?簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ): yes, 主語(yǔ) + have/has.(肯定) no, 主語(yǔ) + havent/hasnt.(否定)( )1.have you finished your work? .(a).yes,i have. (b)yes,i do. (c)yes,i am. (d)yes,i did.( )2.has she ever learned english? (a)yes, she has. (b)yes, she does. (c)no, she doesnt (d)no, she has三 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與never/ever，just，already/yet，before。等連用。這些標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義1already“已經(jīng)”，用于肯定句中，可放在助動(dòng)詞之后，過(guò)去分詞之前，也可以放在句末。2yet用在疑問(wèn)句中意為“已經(jīng)”，用在否定句中意為“還”，常放在句末3just意為“剛剛”，表示行為剛剛過(guò)去，常放在助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞之間4ever意為“曾經(jīng)”，用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，放在助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞之間5never “從來(lái)沒(méi)有”常與before連用6before意為“以前”，指過(guò)去不確定的某個(gè)時(shí)間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制。( )1.have you travelled on the train. yes, i have.(a)never (b)ever (c)just (d)yet( )2.have you finished your homework not .(a)ever (b)already (c)yet (d)just( )3. we havent finished our homework .(a)already(b)ever (c)yet (d)never( )4.have you learned english? yes, ive learned a lot.(a)never, ever(b)ever, never (c)ever, already (d)already. ever( )5.have you finished your homework ? yes, ive done that (a)yet, already (b)already, yet (c)ever, never (d)still, just( )6.johns father borrowed some pictures(a)have already (b)has just (c)have ever (d)has yet四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)含義之二表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for, since, how long, these days等連用。since+過(guò)去點(diǎn)的時(shí)間或從句表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作mr. smith has worked here since 1984. hes learned about 5,000 english words since he went to college. for+一段時(shí)間（for短語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，for的賓語(yǔ)為時(shí)間段）。此劃線(xiàn)部分用how long提問(wèn)。a）用since和for填空1) _ two years2) _ two years ago3) _ last month4) _ 19995) _ yesterday6) _ 4 oclock7) _ 4 hours8) _ an hour ago9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time11) _ she left hereb）用since和for填空1. he has lived in nanjing _ the year before last.2. ive known him _ we were children.3. our teacher has studied japanese _ three years.4. she has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. its about ten years _ she left the city.c）選擇填空( )1.ive been like this ever snice (a)last week (b) for a week (c) a week before (d)the last week( )2.my mother has worked in this factory 2 years.(a)about (b)for (c)in (d)since( )3. i havent heard from him last week.(a)since (b) for (c)ago (d)before( )4.his father joined the party_(a)for three years (b)since three years ago(c)three years ago (d)in two years time( )5.he moved here in 1999,and he has been here .(a)at that time (b)for five years ago(c)since four years (d)for four years( )6.tom has been away from home about five days ago.(a) (b)in (c)since (d)for五、句式：主句（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）since+ 從句（一般過(guò)去時(shí)） ( )1.she english in our school ever since she here.(a)has taught, come (b)taught ,came(c)has taught, has come (d)teaches, has come( )2.ourenghish teacher in our school since he to china.(a)has taught . come (b)taught,come(c)has taught, has . come (d)teaches, has come( )3.she in taizhou since she born in 1980(a)has lived, has been (b)has lived, was(c)lived, has been (d)lived, was六、句式：its 一段時(shí)間since從句（用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）( )1.its ten years since she .(a)has left (b)has been away (c)left (d)leave ( )2. its three years since he the army . (a)has joined (b)has been in (c)join (d)joined七、have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：since, for, how long 等。此外還有這些搭配：have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm have been here (there) / abroadhave(has)been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust, ever, never等連用， have you ever been to hangzhou? have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過(guò)某地幾次：i have been to beijing three times.have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊f(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不用第一、第二人稱(chēng)代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。-where is tom? -he has gone to the bookshop.。a） 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各種形式填空。1) where is jack? he _ his country.2) david _ the park just now.3) john _ england since he came back.4) how long _ have _ this village?5) the smiths _ beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ america? - yes, i _ there many times.7) i _ this school since three years ago.8) where is jim? he _ the farm.b）選擇填空( )1.mrs whites isnt here, she london, she there many times(a)has been to , went (b)has gone to , has been(c)went to, has gone (d)has been to , has gone( )2.she has_ to beijing twice .(a)gone (b) got (c)been (d)come( )3.where your father , li lei? to beijing(a)have, been (b)has, been (c)have, gone (d)has, gone( )4.mr green isnt in the office , he to the library(a)has gone (b)went (c)has been (d)will go( )5.mr smith to tokyo and he will be back in a week(a)has been (b)has visited (c)has sent (d)has gone( )6.they_ china for two years (a)have been to (b)have been in(c)have gone to (d)have come to八、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句【have（nt）/has（nt）代詞】 ( )1.jims been to the great wall before , he?(a)isnt (b)wasnt (c)hasnt (d)doesnt( )2.shes never been to england, she?(a)has (b)hasnt (c)isnt (d)is九、how long與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ( )1.-_ have you been here? - since last year(a)how far (b)how long (c)how often (d)how soon( )2._has hanmei been in the library.(a)how long (b)how soon (c)how far (d)how often( )3.how long _he_the library book .(a)has, borrow (b)has, kept (c)has, bought (d)did, buy十、短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。此時(shí)常與“for 一段時(shí)間或“since過(guò)去的點(diǎn)時(shí)間或從句（從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)），over these years, in the past years, 以及so far（到目前為止）等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。（肯定句，疑問(wèn)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）： 我買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)三年了。誤：i have bought this bike for three years正：i have had this bike for three years1. buyhave 2. borrow / lendkeep3. arrive / reach /get to /be in /at 4. leavebe away（from）5. joinbe in / be a member of 6. diebe dead7. get marriedbe married 8. come / gobe in /at9.begin / startbe on 10. stop/finish / endbe over11. move be in /at 12. openbe open 13. closebe closed 14. losebe lost15. becomebe 16. get upbe up 17. fall asleepbe asleep 18. fall illbe ill19. get to knowknow 20. go out be out21. receive / get a letterhave a letter 22. catch / get a coldhave a cold23. begin to studystudy 24.turn on/off beon/ off25.make friendsbe friends 26. become interested inbe interested in27 go to schoolbe in school / be a student 28. return / come back / get back/go backbe back29. join the armybe in the army /be a soldier（1）he came to our village two years ago.=he our village since two years ago.（2）he left home three days ago=he home for 3 days.（3）i bought the watch 2 weeks ago=i the watch since 2 weeks ago.（4）it is 5 days since i borrowed the book=i the book for 5 days.（5）the film has begun= the film for half an hour.（6）i got to know him 10 years ago=i him for 10 years.（7）there is a factory=there a factory for 20 years.（8）our school opened in 1960=our school since 1960.c）選擇填空( )1.how long can i this book? two weeks(a)borrow (b)keep (c)lend (d)return( )2.her father in 1990 and her husband for more than five years(a)died ,dead (b)has died, dead (c)died ,has been dead (d)has died, has died( )3.i have this nice watch for two years(a)had (b)bought (c)borrowed (d)lend( )4.he his home for ten years(a)has left (b)left from (c)has been away from (d)was away from( )5.he a league member for three years (a)is (b)has been (c)has become (d)have become( )6.lihuas brother has for two years(a)joined the army (b)been an army (c)become a soldier (d)been in the army( )7.he hasnt quanzhou ever since he left school(a)left (b