4 沖洗方案.ppt

1 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 November2004 JCTianjinTrainingModule4 3 SealEnvironment密封環(huán)境 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 Integral internal recirculationfrompumpdischargetoseal內(nèi)部循環(huán)從泵的出口到密封 Advantage優(yōu)點(diǎn) Noexternalpiping沒有外部沖洗Limitations局限性 Changingflowraterequireddismantlingofpump改變流量需要拆泵 Forcleanpumpagesonly只能是適用干凈的介質(zhì) APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 PointstoNoteforAPIPlan02 API02沖洗方案應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng) Theinjectiontappingisusedforventingpriortostart up 在開車前 沖洗口或泵蓋開口用來進(jìn)行放空APIplan02isoftenusedtogetherwithplan62 especiallyonhightemperaturebellowsseals 沖洗方案2經(jīng)常與62一起用 特別是用在高溫波紋管密封 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 Noflushingtothemechanicalseal dead ended 機(jī)械密封里沒有沖洗 PointstoNoteforAPIPlan11 API沖洗方案11應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng) Useanorificetorestricttheflowrateifthedischargepressureis3barhigherthansealchamberpressure 如果出口壓力高于密封腔壓力3bar 需要用一個孔限制流量 Useoncleanandlowabrasivesduties用在干凈 含磨石性顆粒少的工礦 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 SealFlushingBy PassfromDischarge單密封通過出口進(jìn)行沖洗 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 OverhungPump 1seals APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 OverhungPump 1seals APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 BetweenBearingsPump 2seals APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 BetweenBearingsPump 2seals Recirculationfromsealchamberthroughaflowcontrolorificeandbacktopumpsuction從密封腔里出通過一個孔板返回到泵的入口 PointstoNoteforAPIPlan13 API沖洗方案13應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng) Useanorificetorestricttheflowrateifthesealchamberpressureis3barhigherthansuctionpressure 如果密封腔壓力高于入口壓力3bar 需要用一個孔限制流量 handleabrasivesdutybetterthanAPIplan11處理含有磨石性顆粒的工況13方案優(yōu)于11方案 highersealchamberpressuretosuppressvaporisation較高的密封腔壓力可抑制介質(zhì)的汽化 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 PointstoNoteforAPIPlan14 API沖洗方案14應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng) Flowbacktosuctionsidewillevacuatevapoursthatmaycollectinsealchamber Recommendedforlighthydrocarbonservice APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 RecirculationfrompumpdischargethroughaflowcontrolorificeandcoolertosealOpenLoopCoolingCircuit CoolingWaterOutlet冷水出口 CoolingWaterInlet冷水入口 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 HeatExchanger RecirculationfromapumpingringinthesealchamberthroughcoolerandbacktosealClosedLoopCoolingCircuit沖洗液通過密封腔中的泵效環(huán)從密封腔中流出經(jīng)過換熱器 再返回到密封中 形成自封閉循環(huán) 形成封閉的冷卻回路 Throatbushing Suction入口 Discharge出口 18 24 Ventathighestpointofthepiping排起在管線的最高點(diǎn) CoolingWaterOutlet冷水出口 CoolingWaterInlet冷水入口 mechanicalsealwithpumpingring Heatexchanger換熱器 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 PointstonoteforAPIPlan23 Thermosyphondesign熱虹吸設(shè)計 heatexchanger換熱器18to24 abovepumpcentreline 在泵中心線以上18to24 Preventoverheatinginstandbyandstart up 在泵啟動和備用時 要防止過熱 Installclosefittingneckbushingatthebottomofsealchambertoisolatetheheatfromtheimpellerend 在密封腔底部安裝喉部襯套用來隔離從葉輪傳出的熱量Usedonhightemperatureapplicationstominimiseheatloadonthecoolerbycoolingonlysmallamountofliquidthatisrecirculated 用于高溫工況 通過冷卻密封腔的小部分的循環(huán)流體來使冷卻器的熱負(fù)荷降至最低 Forhightemperatureboilerfeedpumpapplications用于高溫鍋爐給水泵上Otherapplications其他應(yīng)用 hightemperatureliquidclosetobubblepoint 接近沸點(diǎn)的高溫液體 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 Recirculationfrompumpdischargethroughacycloneseparatordeliveringcleanfluidtothesealandfluidwithsolidsbacktopumpsuctionline沖洗液從泵出口流出 通過一旋液分離器 使干凈流體進(jìn)入密封腔 帶有顆粒的流體返回到泵入口處形成封閉循環(huán) APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 PointstoNoteforAPIPlan32 對于APIplan32須注意 Choseapropersourceofsealflushtoeliminatethepotentialforvaporisationoftheinjectedfluidandtoavoidcontaminationofthefluidbeingpumpedwiththeinjectedflush 選擇合適的密封沖洗源 以減少沖洗流體的汽化 同時可避免沖洗流體被污染 Installalabyrinthbushingatthebottomofthestuffingboxtocontroltheflushingandpressureifnecessary 如有必要的話 在密封腔底部安裝喉部襯套或迷宮密封來控制沖洗和壓力 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 SingleSealFlushingfromExternalSource單密封通過外部來源進(jìn)行沖洗 ThroatBushing APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 Cleanexternalflush APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 Cleanexternalflush Recirculationfrompumpdischargethroughacycloneseparatordeliveringcleanfluidthroughacoolerandthentosealandfluidwithsolidsbacktopumpsuctionline CoolingWaterOutlet CoolingWaterInlet APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 Needlevalve Externalreservoirprovidingadead endedblanketoffluidtothequenchconnectionofthegland PointstoNoteforAPIPlan51 對于APIplan51須注意 Deadendedblanketonatmosphericsideofsealtopreventfreezingofmoisture Sealfacewillnotsticktogetherwhenthepumpstarted 在密封大氣側(cè) 一端封閉的情況可防止潮氣的凍結(jié) 這樣在泵啟動時 密封面就不會粘接在一起 Typicalapplication 典型的應(yīng)用Pumpoperatingbelow0 C應(yīng)用于泵在0 C以下 API6108thEditionhaseliminatedthispipingplan API610第八版已經(jīng)取消這個沖洗方案 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 PipingSystems APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 Afluidusedasalubricantorbufferbetweendualmechanicalseals 這種液體象緩沖劑 潤滑劑用在雙重機(jī)械密封Thebufferfluidisalwaysatapressurelowerthanthepumpprocesspressurebeingsealed 緩沖液的壓力通常低于被密封的介質(zhì)的壓力 應(yīng)為腔壓 Afluidwhichisintroducedbetweendualmechanicalsealstocompletelyisolatethepumpprocessliquidfromtheenvironment 雙機(jī)械密封里的隔離液用于把泵的工藝液體與大氣完全隔離 Pressureofthebarrierfluidisalwayshigherthanthepumpprocesspressurebeingsealed 隔離液壓力總是高于泵的運(yùn)作壓力 也應(yīng)為腔壓 Thepurposeoffluidcirculationistoremoveheatfrommechanicalseal APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 Onapplicationsbelowambienttemperature circulationofbarrierfluidmaynotbedesirable 這種情況適用于比室溫低的工況 隔離液的循環(huán)不能滿足要求 Theatmospherewillheatthereservoirandconsequentlyaddheattothesealarea 外部對儲罐進(jìn)行加熱 從而 對密封區(qū)域進(jìn)行加熱 Fluidcirculationbytemperaturedifferencebetweenthesealandreservoir 流體依靠密封腔和儲罐的溫差進(jìn)行循環(huán)Highertemperatureliquidatsealhaslowerdensityrisestothereservoir 密封中的高溫流體密度較小 依靠熱虹吸現(xiàn)象上升到儲罐中Lowertemperatureliquidatreservoirhashigherdensityfallstothesealtoprovidecooling 儲罐中的低溫流體密度較大 下降到密封腔中對密封進(jìn)行冷卻 ExternalForceCirculation Thermosyphon PumpingRing DeadEnded APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 PointstoNoteforAPIPlan52 TypicallyusedwithanArrangement2unpressuriseddualseal 通常用于不帶壓雙封Duringnormaloperation circulationismaintainedbyaninternalpumpingring 在正常操作情況下 通過腔內(nèi)的泵效環(huán)維持循環(huán) 也可利用虹吸功能 Thereservoirisusuallycontinuouslyventedtoavapourrecoverysystemandismaintainedatapressurelessthanthepressureinthesealchamber 儲罐通常與回收系統(tǒng)相連通 罐內(nèi)壓力通常低于密封腔壓力 PressureGauge壓力計 LevelGauge液位儀 Fillvalve Orifice Drain排地 LevelSwitch H 液位開關(guān) LevelSwitch L PressureSwitch壓力開關(guān) NormallyOpen Ventvalve排氣閥 并進(jìn)火炬線 Externalreservoirprovidingbufferfluidfortheoutersealofanunpressuriseddualsealarrangement 外部儲罐對不帶壓雙封的外密封起緩沖液的作用 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 PressureGauge壓力表 LevelGauge水準(zhǔn)儀 LevelSwitch L 液位開關(guān) VentValve排氣閥 NormallyClose 通常關(guān)著 Orifice PressureSwitch壓力操縱開關(guān) ExternalPressure外部壓力Source One wayBlockValve NormallyOpen PointstoNoteforAPIPlan53 TypicallyusedwithanArrangement3pressuriseddualseal 通常用于帶壓雙封Duringnormaloperation circulationismaintainedbyaninternalpumpingring 在正常操作情況下 通過腔內(nèi)的泵效環(huán)維持循環(huán)Thereservoirpressureisgreaterthantheprocesspressurebeingsealed 罐內(nèi)壓力通常高于被密封介質(zhì)壓力 Externalreservoirprovidingpressurisedbarrierfluidfortheoutersealofanpressuriseddualsealarrangement 外部儲罐對帶壓雙封的外密封起隔離液的效果 Drain APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 PointstoNoteforAPIPlan54 TypicallyusedwithanArrangement3pressuriseddualseal 通常用于帶壓雙封Duringnormaloperation circulationismaintainedbyanexternalpumporpressuresystem 在正常操作情況下 通過外部的泵或壓力系統(tǒng)維持循環(huán)Thecirculatingbarrierfluidpressureisgreaterthantheprocesspressurebeingsealed 循環(huán)隔離液的壓力高于被密封介質(zhì)的壓力 Externalbarrierfluidsystemprovidingpressurisedbarrierfluidfortheoutersealofanpressuriseddualsealarrangement外部隔離液系統(tǒng)對帶壓雙封的外密封提供帶壓隔離液 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 Safetouse handle store儲藏 操作 使用安全可靠Stableliquidatambienttemperatures在室溫下 性能穩(wěn)定NotaVOC VHAPorotherregulatedcompound不易揮發(fā) 非有毒物質(zhì)Nonflammable不易燃燒Nonfoamingwhenpressurised高于常壓時 不易起泡Cleanandgoodlubricity干凈且有較好的潤滑性Compatiblewithprocessfluid與工藝流體有互容性Compatiblewithsealmaterials與密封材料相一致Goodheattransferproperties有好的傳熱性能Goodflowqualitiesatverylowtemperatures在低溫下 有好的流動性Lowsolubilityofgas對氣體有較低的溶解性Localavailability當(dāng)?shù)厝菀撰@得Lowcost成本低 VOC VolatileOrganicCompoundVHAP VolatileHazardousAirPolutants SelectionofBuffer BarrierFluid APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 Tappedconnectionsforthepurchaser suse在接口處攻螺紋 以方便用戶使用 PointtoNoteforAPIPlan61 對于APIplan61須注意 Typicallythisplanisusedwhenthepurchaseristoprovidefluid suchassteam gas orwater toanauxiliarysealingdevice 通常在買方能給密封輔助系統(tǒng)提供流體 如蒸汽 氣體或水 的情況下 才采用該方案 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 PointstoNoteforAPIPlan62 對于APIplan62須注意 Thequenchmayberequiredtopreventsolidsfromaccumulatingontheatmosphericsideoftheseal 增加吹掃口以防止在密封大氣側(cè)有顆粒的積累Typicallyusedwithaclose clearancethrottlebushing 普遍使用節(jié)流襯套 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 SingleSealQuenchfromExternalSource單密封通過外部急冷 APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 e gsteamquench APIPipingPlansAPI沖洗方案 e gsteamquench API6822ndEditionAPI682第二版NewPipingPlans新的沖洗方案 Plan14 Plan11 13 沖洗方案14Plan53 s Arrangement3 ContactingWet CW Seals53方案 排列方案3 接觸式濕密封53a traditionalconfiguration傳統(tǒng)構(gòu)造53b bladderaccumulator蓄能器53c pistonpot accumulator活塞 蓄能器ContainmentSeal二次輔助密封Plan72 Arrangement2w ContainmentSeal CS Plan75 Arrangement2w ContainmentSeal CS Plan76 Arrangement2w ContainmentSeal CS GasBarrierSeals氣體Plan74 Arrangement3 Non Contacting NC Seals排列方式3 非接觸式密封 Plan53a A 4 12 Arrangement3 ContactingWet CW Seals排列方式3 接觸式濕密封DualPressurised Double Seals帶壓雙封Utilisesdirectnitrogenblanketforpressure利用氮?dú)鈱觼碓鰤篸uetonitrogenentrainmentinthebarrierliquidAPI682limitsthemaximumnitrogenpressureto10barg JCrecommendationismaximumnitrogenpressure21barg aslongasthebarrierfluidtemperatureislessthan120 CAPI682限制了氮?dú)獾淖畲髩毫?0barg 約翰克蘭建議只要隔離液溫度小于120度 最大氮?dú)鈮毫?1barg API6822ndEditionAPI682第二版NewPipingPlans新的沖洗方案 Plan53b A 4 12 Arrangement3 ContactingWet CW Seals排列方式3 接觸式濕密封DualPressurised Double Seals帶壓雙封Utilizesbladderaccumulatorforpressure利用蓄能器來增壓Bladdereliminatesnitrogencontactwithbarrierliquid蓄能器把氮?dú)馀c隔離液分開Allowsforhigherpressureapplications允許高壓力應(yīng)用 ConfigurationIncludes Accumulator蓄電池PressureIndicator壓力顯示器PressureSwitch壓力開關(guān)HeatExchanger換熱器 API6822ndEditionAPI682第二版NewPipingPlans新的沖洗方案 Plan53c A 4 12 Arrangement3 ContactingWet CW Seals排列方式3 接觸式濕密封DualPressurised Double Seals帶壓雙封Utilizespistonpotforpressure利用活塞增壓 API6822ndEditionAPI682第二版NewPipingPlans新的沖洗方案 Plan53c A 4 12 Allowsforhigherpressureapplications允許高壓力應(yīng)用Configurationincludes 構(gòu)造包括Pistonpot活塞Pressureindicator壓力顯示器Pressureswitch壓力開關(guān) Heatexchanger換熱器Levelswitch電平開關(guān) Pistonpoteliminatesnitrogencontactwithbarrierliquid活塞缸阻斷了隔離液與氮?dú)獾倪B接Pistonprovidesconstantpressureratiotoseals 1 1 1 活塞給密封提供持續(xù)的壓力比率 Spring彈簧 API6822ndEditionAPI682第二版NewPipingPlans新的沖洗方案 BarrierFluidTemperature 7 3 4 1 1 隔離流體溫度 Liquidbarriersystemsshallbedesignedsuchthatthatmaximumtemperaturedifferentialbetweenthebarrierfluidinletandoutletimmediatelyadjacenttothesealchamberis 設(shè)計隔離液系統(tǒng)允許的溫差不一樣 入口和出口溫差不一樣8degreeCforglycol waterordieselbarrierfluids and對于水 乙二醇 柴油隔離液 允許最大溫差8度16degreeCformineraloilbarrierfluid礦物油隔離液允許最大溫差16度 Plan11withPlan53 Arrangement3mayusePlan11 53排列方式3可以用11 53方案Improvedheattransfer增加換熱Reversepressurecapability壓力轉(zhuǎn)換能力 BacktoBack sealsusesPlan53背對背密封用53方案 API6822ndEditionAPI682第二版NewPipingPlans新的沖洗方案 Plan72 A 4 16 Arrangement2 w ContainmentSeal CS 排列方式2 輔助二次密封DualUn Pressurised Tandem Seals不帶壓雙封Dry runningsecondarycontainmentseal干運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)二次輔助密封Lowpressurenitrogensweep purge 低壓氮?dú)獯祾逽weepsprimaryleakagetocollectionsystem主密封泄漏的東西排放到收集系統(tǒng)里Dilutesprimaryleakagetoloweremissionlevels稀釋泄漏的東西UsedinconjunctionwithPlan75or76 與7