2014年高考英語(yǔ)試題分類匯編：閱讀之社會(huì)生活類有解析.doc

2014全國(guó)高考匯編閱讀之社會(huì)生活類 一（2014安徽卷）CYou are the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do. One out of three people collects tangible（有形的）things such as cats, photos and noisy toys.There are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”the first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent.Some of the collections are fairly commonrecords, model houses. Others are strangely beautifulbranches that have fallen from tree, for example. But they all reveal （顯露）a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.Other on the way include “The museum of Collectors” and “The Museum of Me.”These new ones, it is hoped, will build on the success of “The Museum Of.” The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect.Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important point: the beginning or end of adolescence“its a growing-up thing; you stop when you grow up,”says one. Other painful times are mentioned, such as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial（順序排列的）arrangement is comforting.64. How will the new museums promote a popular culture of museums?A. By collecting more tangible things.B. By showing what ordinary people have collected.C. By correcting what museums normally represent.D. By accumulating 40 collections two years from now.65. What can be learned about collectors from their collections?A. Who they are.B. How old they are.C.Where they were born.D. Why they might not mean to collect.66. Which of the following is an aim of the new museums?A. To help people sell their collections.B. To encourage more people to collect.C. To study the significance of collecting.D. To find out why people visit museums.67. According to the last paragraph, people may stop collecting when they A. become adultsB. feel happy with lifeC. are ready for a relationshipD. feel time to he uncontrollable【考點(diǎn)】考察社會(huì)生活類閱讀【文章大意】本文介紹了一種新型的收藏模式：普通人自己收藏一些很零碎的東西。這和以前的常規(guī)的收藏形式不一樣，介紹了這一收藏模式的特點(diǎn)和意義。64. 【答案】B 【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章1,2段You are the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do.和There are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”the first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors可知這是一種新型的收藏方式，展示的是很多普通人的收藏品，這會(huì)讓這些新型的博物館顯得很流行。故B正確。65. 【答案】A 【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二行But they all reveal （顯露）a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.可知在這樣的展覽里可以得知who they are。也就是誰(shuí)在搞這樣的收藏。故A正確，其余BCD三項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及。66. 【答案】C 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段2,3行The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect.他們希望人們能夠探索他們收藏這些東西的意義，明白他們這樣做的原因。也就是說(shuō)讓他們知道收藏的重要性。故C正確。67. 【答案】A 【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段1,2行Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important point: the beginning or end of adolescence“its a growing-up thing; you stop when you grow up,”says one.可知當(dāng)人們青春期結(jié)束的時(shí)候，他們就不再這樣做了，也就是說(shuō)當(dāng)他們成年以后，他們就不要這樣做了。故A正確。二（2014安徽卷）EYou may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty (貧窮)and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising changemakers seeking to solve (解決) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. In fact It is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhakas streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把制成堆糞)this waste . They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.72. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?A. Changemakers B. BusinessmenC. Social Conditions D.Rubbish Problem73. The underlined word them in Paragraph 3 probably refers to A. the local farmers B. Masqsood and IftekharC. Drayton and his teamD. the poor people in Dhaka74. It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he .A. considers Draytons conceptB. gets permission from AshokaC. tries to improve social conditionsD. is a young, happy and healthy adult75. The authors attitude towards Ashokas program can be described as A. changingB. forgivingC. cautiousD. Positive【考點(diǎn)】考察社會(huì)生活類閱讀【文章大意】本文介紹了一個(gè)公益組織Ashoka組織人們和貧窮做斗志，促進(jìn)教育事業(yè)，鼓勵(lì)人們做小生意，讓每個(gè)人都成為變化產(chǎn)生的人。并舉例進(jìn)行說(shuō)明?！敬鸢浮緼 【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段his association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty (貧窮)and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising changemakers可知作者向我們介紹了Ashoka，這個(gè)組織和貧窮做斗志，促進(jìn)教育事業(yè)，鼓勵(lì)人們做小生意，讓每個(gè)人都成為變化產(chǎn)生的人。接著文章介紹了這個(gè)組織所做的一些事情。這個(gè)組織才是真正的changemakers。故A項(xiàng)正確。73. 【答案】D 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years .可知Masqsood和Iftekhar讓當(dāng)?shù)厝税牙兂煞柿?，可以解決他們購(gòu)買化肥的問(wèn)題，開始的時(shí)候人們拒絕了他們。但是當(dāng)他們知道這樣可以掙錢的時(shí)候就開始做了。這里的them應(yīng)該是指當(dāng)?shù)氐母F人。故D正確。74. 【答案】C 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)第二段前三行The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. In fact It is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.可知只要你愿意解決你所關(guān)心的問(wèn)題，只要能夠提高社會(huì)生活的條件，你就可以成為changemakers。故C正確。75. 【答案】D 【試題解析】推理題。提高文章最后2兩段中介紹Ashoka所組織的把垃圾變成肥料獲得成功的故事告訴我們作者認(rèn)為Ashoka的活動(dòng)是有意義的，所以對(duì)它的態(tài)度也是積極的。故D正確?！鹃L(zhǎng)難句解析】You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty (貧窮)and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses.【翻譯】你也許沒(méi)有聽說(shuō)過(guò)Ashoka，但是在過(guò)去的27年里，這個(gè)由Bill Drayton成立的組織一直都在和貧窮和疾病做斗志，促進(jìn)教育和鼓勵(lì)人們做小生意?！痉治觥勘揪漭^長(zhǎng)，句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for the past 27 years通常都是和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。另外句中的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)founded by Bill Drayton做定語(yǔ)修飾前面的名詞association，因?yàn)閮烧咧g構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用過(guò)去分詞的形式，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句which was association.三（2014北京卷）CChoosing the Right Resolution (決定) Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake. To reach our goal of losing weight - the output, we need to control what we eat - the input ( 輸入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construce goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “Ill stop having desert for lunch,” or “Ill walk every day for 20 minutes.” Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome. Recently a new science behind incentives (激勵(lì)) , including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output. Fryers conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not knoe how to do better on exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.” Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control. As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. And its easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do. If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example. This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isnt a goal because its too general. Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, dont stop with this general wish. Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday. In the long run, these new goals could become a habit.63. The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _ .A. it is hard to achieve for most AmericansB. it is focused too much on the resultC. it is dependent on too many thingsD. it is based on actionable decisions64. In Roland Fryers research, some students did better than the others because _ .A. they obeyed all the general rulesB. they paid more attention to examsC. they were motivated by their classmatesD. they were rewarded for reading some books65. According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal?A. “Ill give up desert.” B. “Ill study harder.”C. “Ill cut down my expense”D. “Ill spend more time with my family”66. The writer strongly believes that we should _ .A. develop good habits and focus on the outcomeB. be optimistic about final goals and stick to themC. pick specific actions that can be turned into good habitsD. set ambitious goals that can balance the input ang output【考點(diǎn)】考察社會(huì)生活類閱讀【文章大意】人們總是為自己的減肥設(shè)立目標(biāo)，但是又總是無(wú)法成功。作者告訴我們那是愿望我們只關(guān)注了輸出，而忽視了輸入的影響。同時(shí)作者還通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)告訴我們要養(yǎng)成采取行動(dòng)的習(xí)慣。63. 【答案】B 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段1,2行To reach our goal of losing weight - the output, we need to control what we eat - the input ( 輸入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.可知為了實(shí)現(xiàn)我們減肥的目的，我們需要控制我們的輸入，而不是只關(guān)注結(jié)果（輸出）。這就是我們只為自己設(shè)立減肥的目標(biāo)的錯(cuò)誤所在：只注意結(jié)果。故B正確。64. 【答案】D 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段4,5行His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output.可知當(dāng)以輸入為基礎(chǔ)的時(shí)候，激勵(lì)會(huì)有很好的結(jié)果。再根據(jù)第三段2,3行In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books可知針對(duì)輸入的激勵(lì)是讓他們讀書。故D項(xiàng)說(shuō)法：獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)他們讀書是有效的。故D正確。65. 【答案】A 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知要想減肥，很重要的是控制住我們的輸入。選項(xiàng)里的A項(xiàng)：“Ill give up desert.” 我將放棄甜點(diǎn)。這就屬于控制輸入。故A正確。66. 【答案】C 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday.可知作者建議我們快樂(lè)那些我們能夠采納也能夠堅(jiān)持的行動(dòng)習(xí)慣。也就是說(shuō)作者認(rèn)為我們要采取一些能夠成為習(xí)慣的行動(dòng)。故C正確。【長(zhǎng)難句解析】To reach our goal of losing weight - the output, we need to control what we eat - the input ( 輸入).【翻譯】為了實(shí)現(xiàn)我們減肥的目標(biāo)輸出，我們需要控制我們吃的東西輸入?！痉治觥勘揪渲械牟欢ㄊ絫o reach our goal of losing weight在句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖悄康臓钫Z(yǔ)，后面的主句中有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞control的賓語(yǔ)從句what we eat，what引導(dǎo)起這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，并在句中充當(dāng)eat的賓語(yǔ)。四（2014大綱卷）A ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia, my husband, Rashid, stayedina hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport（護(hù)照）. He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husbands name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents（文件）. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.56. What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?A. Go shopping B. Find a houseC. Join his family D. Take his family57. The girls parents got Rashids phone number from_.A. a friend of his family B. a Sydney policemanC. a letter in his papers D. a stranger in Sydney58. What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?A. Showed B. Sent outC. Delivered D. Gave back59. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. From India to Australia. B. Living in a New Country.C. Turning Trash to Treasure. D. In Search of New Friends. 【考點(diǎn)】考察社會(huì)生活類閱讀【文章大意】正所謂：山窮水復(fù)疑無(wú)路，柳暗花明又一村。我的丈夫到了悉尼以后，裝有重要文件的箱子被偷掉了。我的丈夫束手無(wú)策，突然有人主動(dòng)把丟失的文件送還過(guò)來(lái)，讓我們對(duì)別人重新有了信任。1. 【答案】B 【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia, my husband, Rashid, stayedina hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.中的while looking for a house for me and our children可知我的丈夫到了悉尼稍作停留之后就開始為我和孩子找房子了。說(shuō)明找房子是丈夫計(jì)劃要做的事情。故B正確。2. 【答案】C 【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段后3行Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.孩子的父母親仔細(xì)把這些文件進(jìn)行分類，盡管里面有很多他們不熟悉的外國(guó)地址。最后他們找到了“a half-written letter”一封寫了一半的信，信里有丈夫給朋友的電話號(hào)碼。根據(jù)電話號(hào)碼他們找到了我的丈夫。故C項(xiàng)正確。3. 【答案】D 【試題解析】猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)本句That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people這個(gè)家庭不僅僅把這些重要的文件歸還給我們，而且還把對(duì)人的信任歸還了我們。再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.說(shuō)明restore表示歸還。故C正確。4. 【答案】C 【試題解析】主旨大意題。本文敘述了作者的丈夫到悉尼，裝有重要文件的箱子被偷掉了。在他萬(wàn)般無(wú)奈的情況下，有人主動(dòng)聯(lián)系他，并歸還他丟失的重要文件。這些重要的文件在別人看來(lái)都不重要，但是對(duì)于丈夫來(lái)說(shuō)卻是萬(wàn)分重要。選項(xiàng)中的C項(xiàng)能夠說(shuō)明文章的中心思想。故C正確?！鹃L(zhǎng)難句解析】1.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.【翻譯】那天下午當(dāng)他回來(lái)的時(shí)候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的手提箱不見了?！痉治觥勘揪渲械牟欢ㄊ皆诰渲谐洚?dāng)?shù)氖墙Y(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，通常和only連用表示意料之外的結(jié)果。現(xiàn)在分詞在句中做狀語(yǔ)，通常表示意料之中的結(jié)果。2. That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.【翻譯】那家人不僅僅歸還了這些重要的文件而且還歸還了我們對(duì)人的信任?！痉治觥勘揪渲械闹^語(yǔ)部分是由not only.but also組成的一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。要注意當(dāng)not only放在句首的時(shí)候，要使用部分倒裝的形式。本句可以改為：Not only did the family restore the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.五（2014福建卷）AIt was Mothers Day morning last year and I was doing my shopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete. Her husband was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple. He said to me, “Mum, its not much fun falling over in front of everyone.”At the front of the supermarket a charity(慈善) group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds. Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. “It will make her feel better,” he said. I was amazed that hed come up with such a sweet idea. So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up. “Just take it,” she replied. “I cant take your money for such a wonderful gesture.”By now paramedics（救援人員）had arrived, and were attending the injured woman. As we walked up to her, my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment. He said he was just too scared to go up to her. Instead I gave the flower to the womans husband and told him, “ My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flowe