主謂一致（定稿）.doc

高三語法復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致 編制人： 陳柳 審核人： 趙清林 謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這被稱為主謂一致。主謂一致一般要遵循三條原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則和鄰近一致原則。一、語法一致原則一般來說，語法形式是單數(shù)的主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；語法形式是復(fù)數(shù)的主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1、單數(shù)主語，不定式，動名詞或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù) A student is studying English. Serving the people is my great happiness. When we deliver the goods hasnt been decided. When and where we will go hasnt been decided.但當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的句子作主語，若后面是 “be +名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)時，謂語隨名詞變化。 What you did is right. What you need are these dictionaries.2、 復(fù)數(shù)名詞、代詞作主語，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式 All the students are clever. They like English very much.3、 用and或bothand 連接的單數(shù)名詞、代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語及主語從句作主語謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Both my father and my mother are farmers. What I think and what I do have been fairly in disagreement.注意:(1.)當(dāng)and連接的并列單數(shù)名詞前有each，every, no或者many a 等限定詞時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。 No student and no teacher has been given a task. Every flower and every bush is to be cut down. (2.)當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)，表示同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，此時and后面的名詞無冠詞；表示不同的人或物時, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，此時and后面的名詞有冠詞。A thief and murderer was sentenced to death. The worker and writer is from Wuhan. The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 4、 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 Something has gone wrong with my watch. Anybody who breaks the rule will be punished. 5、 each of/either of./one of謂語動詞用單數(shù); none of/neither of可單可復(fù)，根據(jù)說話人的意思決定；但代表不可數(shù)名詞時，用單數(shù) Each of the students has a book. None of us is/ are perfect. Neither of them know/knows the answer. None of this worries me. None of this money is mine. neither作形容詞時與單數(shù)名詞連用，謂語動詞用單數(shù) Neither statement is true. 6、 many a +單數(shù)名詞(很多)： more than one+單數(shù)名詞(不只一個)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall. Many a man believes the story. More than one man has died in the accident. More than five men have died in the accident. 7. Some /a lot of /half of /the rest of /part of/plenty of/分?jǐn)?shù)（%）+of/the majority of + 名詞”等作主語，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后的名詞或代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。即：分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù) 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù) Two-thirds of the students come from the countryside. Ninety percent of the work has been done. 8. 定語從句中的主謂一致。 (1)與先行詞一致。定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞who, that, which 時，從句謂語動詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。 I, who am your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you. which/as代替一句話內(nèi)容,謂語動詞用單數(shù) As is known, I am beautiful. (3) one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句,從句中的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式; the only/exact one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句,從句中的謂語用單數(shù)形式。 Tom is one of the students who are good at playing football. Tom is the only one of the students who is good at playing football.9. 隨前原則 當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with ,like, rather than, together with , but , except, besides, ,including等引導(dǎo)的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。 . The teacher with two students was at the meeting. All but one were here just now.二意義一致原則主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。（即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。）1. 集體名詞family, audience, crew, club, class, company, committee, party, crowd group, army, government, the public等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)形式；如果指集體中的各個成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The group is made up of nine students. The group are dancing happily. 注意1：集合名詞cattle, clothes, people, the police表示復(fù)數(shù)意義謂語動詞永遠(yuǎn)復(fù)數(shù)；people 民族（可數(shù)名詞，peoples) The Chinese people is a brave people. Chinese people are making our country richer and richer. The population of China is over 1.3billion and 80% of the population are farmers.2.表示時間、距離、金錢，度量衡等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，表達(dá)一個整體概念時,謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式; Two years has passed since I left Ningbo. One million dollars is great sum of money. 3.有些名詞如：fish, deer, sheep, means, works, species, series 等用作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可，謂語動詞隨其含義而定。1 This glass works was built in 1978. 2 Two steel works are east of the city. 3 Every means has been tried. 4 Many species have died out. 4.成雙成對出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, socks, slippers, scissors等作主語時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果前有a/the pair of, a/the suit of等詞語修飾時，謂語動詞與pair, suit等一致，用單數(shù) My trousers are very nice. A pair of shoes is under the bed. 5.主語是疑問代詞who, what, which, 不定代詞all, more, most, any, none等以及名詞half, part, the rest等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義又可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語視它們所代指的名詞而定。 Which is more valuable, health or wealth? Which are prettier, these or those? We had some paper, but the rest were put back. 6.theadj. 作主語,theadj.,表示一類人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等 The old are taken good care of in our society. The rich were for the decision but the poor were against it. 7. a/this/that + kind of +名詞（單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)）作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果主語是kinds（types) of+名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞of+ a ( this, that）kind時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。即 kind(s) of +n.,謂語與kind一致 n. +of this kind 謂語與名詞一致 The kind of apples sells well. Men of this kind are dangerous . 注意 : 由kind, form, type, species, series 等修飾的主語，其謂語形式取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，而不是他們后面所跟的名詞. This new type of machine is now on show. Some new forms of art were discussed at the meeting. 8.主語是a large/small quantity/amount of +名詞（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果是 large (great) quantifies/ amounts of +名詞（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。也就是說謂語動詞隨quantity/amount的單復(fù)數(shù)而定 There is a large quantity of milk/apples on the farm . Large quantities of water /coal/bricks are needed here.9. a number of （a group of , a variety of)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；The number of(the variety of .) +名詞復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 A number of workers are out of work. The number of the students in our school is eight thousand. 10. 兩數(shù)相減或相除,謂語動詞用單數(shù)；兩數(shù)相加或相乘，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 Sixty minus seventeen leaves forty-three. Six and eight makes/make fourteen. 11、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。 “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book. The United States is on the south of Canada. 12.名詞性物主代詞作主語，謂語動詞根據(jù)指代對象而定 Your shoes are white while mine are black. His coat is yellow while hers is red. 三 就近一致原則謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定于最靠近它的詞語。13.由or, nor, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also，notbut連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，隨后的動詞形式通常按照“就近原則”處理。 You or she is good at English. Are either you or he wrong? 14. 以here, there開頭的句子，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式看后面的主語而定，如果主語不止一個謂語動詞于最近的主語保持一致。 Here is some bread. There is a pen and three pencils on the desk.15.在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致 Such is the result. Such are the facts. On the wall are many pictures. 一選擇題【2014湖南卷】 All we need_ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year .A. are B. was C. isD. were【2013福建】The famous musician, as well as his students, _to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited【2013湖南】The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around $8,450 a year, which _ a burden for some of them. A. are；isB. are；areC. is；areD. is；is【2013江蘇】Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development. A. is B. are C. was D. were【2012安徽】Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept【2012陜西】The basketball coach, as well as his team, _ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. A. were B. was C. is D. are【2012湖南】All the scientific evidence _ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ damaging our health. A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is 1. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes. A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is3. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn4. He is one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been5. Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have6. Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some _difficult to understand. A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are7. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 8. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. A. is working B. works C. work D. worked9. The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 10. Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be11. Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the areainvited.A. were B. have been C. has been D. was12. A survey of the opinions of expertsthat three hours of outdoor exercise a week_good for ones health.A. show; areB. shows; isC. show; is D. shows; are13. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks_so small that a day is unimportant. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been14. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area. A. need repairingB. needs to repairC. needs repairingD. need to repair15. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _yet . A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided16. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-thirdused regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. A. is B. are C. was D. were17. Most of what has been said about the Smithsalso true of the Johnsons. A. are B. is C. being D. to be18. A poet and artistcoming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. are C. was D. were19. The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going20. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth_each year. A. is washing away B. is being washed awayC. are washing away D. are being washed away21. No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign. A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know22. All the employees except the manager _to work online at home. A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D.are encouraged23. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million. A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached24. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided25. - How are the team playing? - Theyre playing well, but one of them _ hurt. A. got B. gets C. are D. were26. As a result of destroying the forest, a large _ of desert _